我国果树产业新旧动能转换之我见Ⅰ:果树产业新旧动能转换的卡脖子问题及其解决途径
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摘要
果树产业是助力乡村振兴的支柱产业。我国果树产业新旧动能转换的卡脖子问题就是果园基础地力差,土壤健康水平低,可持续发展能力低。围绕卡脖子问题,必须聚焦"一提两减",多措并举,务求实效:一是进一步加大力度研发、宣传、推广果园生草地力培肥技术,为此着重介绍了山东农业大学在果园生草培肥机理和生草技术发明专利研发等10个方面的研究成果;二是加大有机肥替代化肥项目资金支持力度,并引导化肥企业转型;三是加快农牧循环。通过以上措施,着力提高果园土壤有机质含量和基础肥力,降低苹果园化肥用量,提高土壤健康水平,提升果园可持续生产能力,切实为我国果树产业新旧动能转换和乡村振兴提供有力保障。
Fruit industry is a pillar industry to promote rural revitalization. The bottleneck problems of the transformation of new and old kinetic energy in China's fruit industry are the poor basic soil fertility, low level of soil health and low ability of sustainable development of the orchard. Around the bottleneck problems, we must focus on "one mention,two decreases"and take many measures to achieve practical results. First, we should further strengthen research and development, publicity and popularization of fertilization technology of orchard green grassland, focusing on the 10 research achievements of Shandong Agricultural University in the mechanism of fertilization of orchard green grassland and patent development of invention of grass technology. Second, we should increase the funding of organic fertilizer alternative chemical fertilizer project, to guide the transformation of chemical fertilizer enterprises. The third is to speed up the cycle of agriculture and animal husbandry. Through the above measures, efforts should be made to improve the organic matter content and basic fertility of orchards, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used in apple orchards, improve the level of soil health, enhance the sustainable production capacity of orchards, and effectively provide a strong guarantee for the new and old kinetic energy conversion of China's fruit industry and rural revitalization.
Fruit industry is a pillar industry to promote rural revitalization. The bottleneck problems of the transformation of new and old kinetic energy in China's fruit industry are the poor basic soil fertility, low level of soil health and low ability of sustainable development of the orchard. Around the bottleneck problems, we must focus on "one mention,two decreases"and take many measures to achieve practical results. First, we should further strengthen research and development, publicity and popularization of fertilization technology of orchard green grassland, focusing on the 10 research achievements of Shandong Agricultural University in the mechanism of fertilization of orchard green grassland and patent development of invention of grass technology. Second, we should increase the funding of organic fertilizer alternative chemical fertilizer project, to guide the transformation of chemical fertilizer enterprises. The third is to speed up the cycle of agriculture and animal husbandry. Through the above measures, efforts should be made to improve the organic matter content and basic fertility of orchards, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used in apple orchards, improve the level of soil health, enhance the sustainable production capacity of orchards, and effectively provide a strong guarantee for the new and old kinetic energy conversion of China's fruit industry and rural revitalization.
引文
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[8]陈学森,高东升,辛力,等.给果园小草一点阳光,苹果更灿烂—苹果果实品质提升的途径与关键技术.落叶果树,2012,44(3):1-4.
[9]吴玉森,张艳敏,陈学森,等.自然生草对黄河三角洲梨园土壤养分、酶活性及果实品质的影响.中国农业科学,2013,46(1):99-108.
[10]王艳廷,冀晓昊,陈学森,等.自然生草对黄河三角洲梨园土壤物理性状及微生物多样性的影响.生态学报,2015,35(16):5374-5384.
[11]陈学森,王艳廷.力推果园生草建设生态文明.烟台果树,2014(1):1-4.
[12]陈学森,毛志泉,姜远茂,等.我国苹果产业节本增效关键技术Ⅱ:现代宽行高干省力高效栽培模式创建技术.中国果树,2017(2):1-4.
[13]陈学森,苏桂林,姜远茂,等.可持续发展果园的经营与管理—再谈果园生草培肥地力及其配套技术.落叶果树,2013,45(1):1-3.
[14]陈学森,张瑞洁,王艳廷,等.苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆结合自然生草对土壤综合肥力的影响.园艺学报,2016,43(12):2325-2334.
[2]陈学森,郭文武,徐娟,等.主要果树果实品质遗传改良与提升实践.中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3524-3540.
[3]陈学森,王志刚.创建水果产业振兴齐鲁样板.落叶果树,2018,50(6):5-7.
[4]陈学森,毛志泉,姜远茂,等.我国苹果产业节本增效关键技术Ⅲ:果园生草培肥地力技术.中国果树,2017(3):1-4.
[5]王艳廷,冀晓昊,吴玉森,等.我国果园生草的研究进展.应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1892-1900.
[6]徐田伟,秦嗣军,杜国栋,等.我国果园实行生草后管理措施及其研究进展.中国果树,2018(4):72-75.
[7]陈学森,王志刚.苹果和梨新品种优质高效育种和生产技术研究与应用—推动水果产业新旧动能转换,助力乡村振兴.落叶果树,2018,50(4):1-4.
[8]陈学森,高东升,辛力,等.给果园小草一点阳光,苹果更灿烂—苹果果实品质提升的途径与关键技术.落叶果树,2012,44(3):1-4.
[9]吴玉森,张艳敏,陈学森,等.自然生草对黄河三角洲梨园土壤养分、酶活性及果实品质的影响.中国农业科学,2013,46(1):99-108.
[10]王艳廷,冀晓昊,陈学森,等.自然生草对黄河三角洲梨园土壤物理性状及微生物多样性的影响.生态学报,2015,35(16):5374-5384.
[11]陈学森,王艳廷.力推果园生草建设生态文明.烟台果树,2014(1):1-4.
[12]陈学森,毛志泉,姜远茂,等.我国苹果产业节本增效关键技术Ⅱ:现代宽行高干省力高效栽培模式创建技术.中国果树,2017(2):1-4.
[13]陈学森,苏桂林,姜远茂,等.可持续发展果园的经营与管理—再谈果园生草培肥地力及其配套技术.落叶果树,2013,45(1):1-3.
[14]陈学森,张瑞洁,王艳廷,等.苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆结合自然生草对土壤综合肥力的影响.园艺学报,2016,43(12):2325-2334.