水源涵养和生态保育清洁小流域河流沉积物重金属的特征及潜在风险——以董铺—大房郢水库为例
|
摘要
[目的]为了解安徽省合肥市饮用水源地水源涵养和生态保育清洁小流域(董铺水库和大房郢水库)汇水河流表层沉积物中重金属对下游水库的影响。[方法]在该区域3条主要汇水河流采集了23个沉积物样品,分别测定了沉积物中7种重金属(Zn,Cu,Cr,As,Cd,Pb和Hg)的含量,并采用潜在生态风险指数法(I_R)和地累积指数法(I_(geo))评估其潜在生态风险,主成分分析法解析其可能来源。[结果]研究区域重金属分布存在差异,As和Cd在泗水河上的C_1和C2两点含量超过了维护人体健康的土壤环境质量二级标准限值,且Cd在此两点的易利用态占比为34.97%和37.67%,具有较强的生物有效性;Cd生态风险指数普遍偏高,达强度等级,其中泗水河上的C_1和C2两点达极强等级;同时S_8点Hg生态风险达到强度等级,其余6种重金属生态风险水平较低。该区域重金属主要来自于人与自然混合源和人为源,贡献率分别为51.11%和27.70%。[结论]在泗水河下游流域Cd污染较为突出,为减小其对下游水库的影响,应加强Cd的污染治理。
[Objective]We aim to investigate the effects of heavy metals in surface sediments of catchment rivers in drinking water source areas(Dongpu reservoir and Dafangying reservoir)in Hefei City of Anhui Province on downstream reservoirs.[Methods]Twenty-three sediment samples were collected from three major river catchment to determine the concentrations of Zn,Cu,Cr,As,Cd,Pb and Hg.The potential ecological risk was assessed by the potential ecological risk index(I_R)and cumulative index method(I_(geo)).The principal component analysis was used to assess the possible sources of the heavy metals.[Results]The distribution of heavy metal in the study area was different.The contents of As and Cd in sampling locations of C_1 and C_2 on the Surabaya river exceeded the secondary standard limit of soil environmental quality for maintaining human health,and the available Cd in these two sites accounted for 34.97%and 37.67%of total Cd concentration,showing a strong biological availability.Cd ecological risk index was generally high,reaching the intensity level,among which C_1 and C_2 on the surabaya river reached the extremely strong level.In addition,the ecological risk of Hg for location S_8 reached the intensity level,and the ecological risk level of the remaining6 heavy metals was relatively low.The heavy metals in this region mainly came from human-natural mixed sources and human-made sources,with contribution rates of 51.11%and 27.70%,respectively.[Conclusion]Cd pollution is more serious in the lower reaches of the Sishui River.In order to reduce its impact on the downstream reservoir,Cd pollution control should be strengthened.
[Objective]We aim to investigate the effects of heavy metals in surface sediments of catchment rivers in drinking water source areas(Dongpu reservoir and Dafangying reservoir)in Hefei City of Anhui Province on downstream reservoirs.[Methods]Twenty-three sediment samples were collected from three major river catchment to determine the concentrations of Zn,Cu,Cr,As,Cd,Pb and Hg.The potential ecological risk was assessed by the potential ecological risk index(I_R)and cumulative index method(I_(geo)).The principal component analysis was used to assess the possible sources of the heavy metals.[Results]The distribution of heavy metal in the study area was different.The contents of As and Cd in sampling locations of C_1 and C_2 on the Surabaya river exceeded the secondary standard limit of soil environmental quality for maintaining human health,and the available Cd in these two sites accounted for 34.97%and 37.67%of total Cd concentration,showing a strong biological availability.Cd ecological risk index was generally high,reaching the intensity level,among which C_1 and C_2 on the surabaya river reached the extremely strong level.In addition,the ecological risk of Hg for location S_8 reached the intensity level,and the ecological risk level of the remaining6 heavy metals was relatively low.The heavy metals in this region mainly came from human-natural mixed sources and human-made sources,with contribution rates of 51.11%and 27.70%,respectively.[Conclusion]Cd pollution is more serious in the lower reaches of the Sishui River.In order to reduce its impact on the downstream reservoir,Cd pollution control should be strengthened.
引文
[1]Zhang Yuan,Guo Fen,Meng Wei,et al.Water quality assessment and source identification of Daliao river basin using multivariate statistical methods[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2009,152(1/4):105-121.
[2]汤洁,韩维峥,李娜,等.哈尔滨市城区大气重金属沉降特征和来源研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(11):3087-3091.
[3]Birch G F,Apostolatos C.Use of sedimentary metals to predict metal concentrations in black mussel(Mytilus galloprovincialis)tissue and risk to human health(Sydney estuary,Australia)[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2013,20(8):5481-5491.
[4]Ali Z,Malik R N,Qadir A.Heavy metals distribution and risk assessment in soils affected by tannery effluents[J].Chemistry&Ecology,2013,29(8):676-692.
[5]Cooke J A,Andrews S M,Johnson M S Lead,zinc,cadmium and fluoride in small mammals from contaminated grassland established on fluorspar tailings[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1990,51(1/2):43-54.
[6]Zhang Hong,Shan Baoqing.Historical records of heavy metal accumulation in sediments and the relationship with agricultural intensification in the Yangtze-Huaihe region,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,399(1):113-120.
[7]吴迪,唐晓先,王为东,等.巢湖柘皋河沉积物重金属分布特征与风险评价[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(3):448-457.
[8]杨隆丽,马利民,邓燕婷.董铺水库及其流出河流丰水期的污染源解析[J].广东化工,2017,44(2):4-5,3.
[9]Chen Haiyang,Chen Ruihui,Teng Yanguo,et al.Contamination characteristics,ecological risk and source identification of trace metals in sediments of the Le’an River(China)[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,125:85-92.
[10]Nobumitsu S,Zohour A,Nguyen T T,et al.Source profiling of arsenic and heavy metals in the Selangor River basin and their maternal and cord blood levels in Selangor State,Malaysia[J].Chemosphere,2017,184:857-865.
[11]Tang Wenzhong,Shan Baoqing,Zhang Hong,et al.Heavy metal sources and associated risk in response to agricultural intensification in the estuarine sediments of Chaohu Lake Valley,East China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,176(1/2/3):945-951.
[12]中国环境保护部.土壤和沉积物汞、砷、硒、铋、锑的测定微波消解/原子荧光法HJ 680-2013[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.
[13]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[14]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[15]张兆永,吉力力·阿不都外力,姜逢清.艾比湖表层沉积物重金属的来源、污染和潜在生态风险研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):490-496.
[16]陈兴仁,陈富荣,贾十军,等.安徽省江淮流域土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究[J].中国地质,2012,39(2):302-310.
[17]Müller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[18]中国环境保护部,土壤环境质量标准GB 15618-1995[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.
[19]Wilding L P.Spatial variability:Its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[M]∥Nielson D R,Bouma J.Spatial Variations,Wagenningen:Purdoc,1985.
[20]Mamat Z,Yimit H,Aji R Z,et al.Source identification and hazardous risk delineation of heavy metal contamination in Yanqi basin,northwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,493(3):1098-1111.
[21]崔邢涛,王学求,栾文楼.河北中南部平原土壤重金属元素存在形态及生物有效性分析[J].中国地质,2015,42(2):655-663.
[22]李佳璐,姜霞,王书航,等.丹江口水库沉积物重金属形态分布特征及其迁移能力[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1207-1217.
[23]Wang Yangqian,Yang Liyuan,Kong Linghao,et al.Spatial distribution,ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments from Dongping Lake,Shandong,East China[J].Catena,2015,125:200-205.
[24]刘海彪,孔少飞,王伟,等.中国民用煤燃烧排放细颗粒物中重金属的清单[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):2823-2835.
[25]Liang Xianmeng,Song Jinming,Duan Liqin,et al.Source identification and risk assessment based on fractionation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,128(2):548-556.
[26]Tian H Z,Zhu C Y,Gao J J,et al.Quantitative assessment of atmospheric emissions of toxic heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in China:Historical trend,spatial distribution,uncertainties,and control policies[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(17):10127-10147.
[27]Luo Wei,Lu Yonglong,Zhang Yan,et al.Watershedscale assessment of arsenic and metal contamination in the surface soils surrounding Miyun Reservoir,Beijing,China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91(12):2599-2607.
[2]汤洁,韩维峥,李娜,等.哈尔滨市城区大气重金属沉降特征和来源研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(11):3087-3091.
[3]Birch G F,Apostolatos C.Use of sedimentary metals to predict metal concentrations in black mussel(Mytilus galloprovincialis)tissue and risk to human health(Sydney estuary,Australia)[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2013,20(8):5481-5491.
[4]Ali Z,Malik R N,Qadir A.Heavy metals distribution and risk assessment in soils affected by tannery effluents[J].Chemistry&Ecology,2013,29(8):676-692.
[5]Cooke J A,Andrews S M,Johnson M S Lead,zinc,cadmium and fluoride in small mammals from contaminated grassland established on fluorspar tailings[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1990,51(1/2):43-54.
[6]Zhang Hong,Shan Baoqing.Historical records of heavy metal accumulation in sediments and the relationship with agricultural intensification in the Yangtze-Huaihe region,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,399(1):113-120.
[7]吴迪,唐晓先,王为东,等.巢湖柘皋河沉积物重金属分布特征与风险评价[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(3):448-457.
[8]杨隆丽,马利民,邓燕婷.董铺水库及其流出河流丰水期的污染源解析[J].广东化工,2017,44(2):4-5,3.
[9]Chen Haiyang,Chen Ruihui,Teng Yanguo,et al.Contamination characteristics,ecological risk and source identification of trace metals in sediments of the Le’an River(China)[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,125:85-92.
[10]Nobumitsu S,Zohour A,Nguyen T T,et al.Source profiling of arsenic and heavy metals in the Selangor River basin and their maternal and cord blood levels in Selangor State,Malaysia[J].Chemosphere,2017,184:857-865.
[11]Tang Wenzhong,Shan Baoqing,Zhang Hong,et al.Heavy metal sources and associated risk in response to agricultural intensification in the estuarine sediments of Chaohu Lake Valley,East China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,176(1/2/3):945-951.
[12]中国环境保护部.土壤和沉积物汞、砷、硒、铋、锑的测定微波消解/原子荧光法HJ 680-2013[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.
[13]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[14]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[15]张兆永,吉力力·阿不都外力,姜逢清.艾比湖表层沉积物重金属的来源、污染和潜在生态风险研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):490-496.
[16]陈兴仁,陈富荣,贾十军,等.安徽省江淮流域土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究[J].中国地质,2012,39(2):302-310.
[17]Müller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[18]中国环境保护部,土壤环境质量标准GB 15618-1995[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.
[19]Wilding L P.Spatial variability:Its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[M]∥Nielson D R,Bouma J.Spatial Variations,Wagenningen:Purdoc,1985.
[20]Mamat Z,Yimit H,Aji R Z,et al.Source identification and hazardous risk delineation of heavy metal contamination in Yanqi basin,northwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,493(3):1098-1111.
[21]崔邢涛,王学求,栾文楼.河北中南部平原土壤重金属元素存在形态及生物有效性分析[J].中国地质,2015,42(2):655-663.
[22]李佳璐,姜霞,王书航,等.丹江口水库沉积物重金属形态分布特征及其迁移能力[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1207-1217.
[23]Wang Yangqian,Yang Liyuan,Kong Linghao,et al.Spatial distribution,ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments from Dongping Lake,Shandong,East China[J].Catena,2015,125:200-205.
[24]刘海彪,孔少飞,王伟,等.中国民用煤燃烧排放细颗粒物中重金属的清单[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):2823-2835.
[25]Liang Xianmeng,Song Jinming,Duan Liqin,et al.Source identification and risk assessment based on fractionation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,128(2):548-556.
[26]Tian H Z,Zhu C Y,Gao J J,et al.Quantitative assessment of atmospheric emissions of toxic heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in China:Historical trend,spatial distribution,uncertainties,and control policies[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(17):10127-10147.
[27]Luo Wei,Lu Yonglong,Zhang Yan,et al.Watershedscale assessment of arsenic and metal contamination in the surface soils surrounding Miyun Reservoir,Beijing,China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91(12):2599-2607.