心肺复苏预后影响因素的研究进展
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摘要
<正>心搏骤停(cardiac arrest,CA)是导致居民死亡的主要原因之一。2015年美国心脏协会(AHA)报告约36万人发生院外心搏骤停(out-of-hospital cardiac arrests,OHCA)~([1]),中国每年约发生54.4万例OHCA。尽管CPR技术在不断发展和进步,但CA的存活率并没有得到显著的提高。美国最近的统计显示OHCA患者的出院存活率为
To learn the prognostic factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest is important to guide clinical work.The prognosis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is affected by many factors,for example,the incidence of patients,the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the management after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.This paper reviews prognostic factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in order to improve the survival rate and nerve function of patients.
To learn the prognostic factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest is important to guide clinical work.The prognosis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is affected by many factors,for example,the incidence of patients,the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the management after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.This paper reviews prognostic factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in order to improve the survival rate and nerve function of patients.
引文
[1]Writing Group Members,Mozaffarian D,Benjamin EJ,et al.Executive summary:heart disease and stroke statistics-2016update:a report from the American Heart Association[J].Circulation,2016,133(4):447-454.
[2]Silverman MG,Blaha MJ,Krumholz HM,et al.Impact of coronary artery calcium on coronary heart disease events in individuals at the extremes of traditional risk factor burden:the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis[J].Eur Heart J,2014,35(33):2232-2241.
[3]Ong ME,Shin SD,De Souza NN,et al.Outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests across 7countries in A-sia:The Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study(PAROS)[J].Resuscitation,2015,96:100-108.
[4]Shao F,Li CS,Liang LR,et al.Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Beijing,China[J].Resuscitation,2014,85(11):1411-1417.
[5]Jacobs I,Nadkarni V,Bahr J,et al.Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports:update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries[J].Resuscitation,2004,63(3):233-249.
[6]Yang HJ,Kim GW,Kim H,et al.Epidemiology and outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest:a report from the NEDIS-Based Cardiac Arrest Registry in Korea[J].J Korean Med Sci,2015,30(1):95-103.
[7]薛继可,冷巧云,高玉芝,等.急诊科心搏骤停患者心肺复苏预后的影响因素[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2013,22(1):28-34.
[8]刘洪伟,王耀辉,孙伟,等.基于Utstein模式下秦皇岛地区院前心搏骤停患者生存链现状分析[J].临床急诊杂志,2018,19(3):172-175.
[9]Mozaffarian D,Benjamin EJ,Go AS,et al.Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2015 Update A Report From the American Heart Association[J].Circulation,2015,131(4):e29-e322.
[10]Ishtiaq O,Iqbal M,Zubair M,et al.Outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation predictors of survival[J].JColl physicians Surg Pak,2008,18(1):3-7.
[11]Raffee LA,Samrah SM,Al Yousef HN,et al.Trend of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Following In-hospital Compared to Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest in Northern Jordan[J].Indian J Crit Care Med,2017,21(7):436-441.
[12]郑康,马青变,王国兴.心脏骤停生存链实施现状及预后因素研究[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2017,26(1):51-56.
[13]Neumar RW,ShusterM,CallawayCW,et al.Partl:Executive Summary:2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardio vascular care[J].Circulation,2015,132(18Suppl 2):315-367.
[14]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2013Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival(CARES)National Summary Report[J].Accessed,2014,15.
[15]Nolan JP,Soar J,Smith GB,et al.Incidence and outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit[J].Resuscitation,2014,85(8):987-992.
[16]Wibrandt I,Norsted K,Schmidt H,et al.Predictors for outcome among cardiac arrest patients:the importance of initial cardiac arrestrhythm versus time to return of spontaneous circulation,a retrospective cohort study[J].BMC Emerg Med,2015,15(1):3.
[17]Rajan S,Folke F,Hansen SM,et al.Incidence and survival outcome according to heart rhythm during resuscitation attempt in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with presumed cardiac etiology[J].Resuscitation,2017,114:157-163.
[18]黎敏,宋维,吕雪,等.心肺复苏Utstein模式注册登记研究:急性心肌梗死导致心脏骤停的流行病学调查研究[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2014,23(12):1385-1387.
[19]Kragholm K,Malta Hansen C,Dupre ME,et al.Direct transport to a percutaneous cardiac intervention center and outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest[J].Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes,2017,10(6):e003414.
[20]Adnet F,Triba MN,Borron SW,et al.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients[J].Resuscitation,2017,111:74-81.
[21]Gomes AM,Timerman A,Souza CA,et al.Prognostic factors of survival in post cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation in general hospital[J].Arq Bras Cardiol,2005,85(4):262-271.
[22]Kragholm K,Wissenberg M,Mortensen RN,et al.Bystander efforts and 1-year outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest[J].N Engl J Med,2017,376(18):1737-1747.
[23]Kragholm K,Wissenberg M,Mortensen RN,et al.Return to work in out-ofhospital cardiac arrest survivors:a nationwide register-based follow-up study[J].Circulation,2015,131(19):1682-1690.
[24]Claesson A,Herlitz J,Svensson L,et al.Defibrillation before EMS arrival in western Sweden[J].Am JEmerg Med,2017,35(8):1043-1048.
[25]单飞,顾君梅.院外心脏电除颤不同时机选择对心肺复苏的影响[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2015,10(7):693-695.
[26]张在其,陈兵,公保才旦,等.我国大中城市院前死亡患者流行病学调查分析-附12568例分析[J].新医学,2010,41(11):708-711.
[27]Xu F,Zhang Y,Chen Y.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in China:current situation and future development[J].JAMA Cardiol,2017,2(5):469-470.
[28]中国研究型医院学会心肺复苏学专业委员会.2016中国心肺复苏专家共识[J].中华灾害救援医学,2017,5(1):1-14.
[29]Nichol G,Thomas E,Callaway CW,et al.Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome[J].JAMA,2008,300(12):1423-1431.
[30]杜丽鹏,张海燕,王建林,等.基层医院医务人员心肺复苏技能调查与培训效果探讨[J].中国中医急症,2013,22(2):262-263.
[31]Fugate JE,Brinjikji W,et al.Post-cardiac arrest mortality is declining:a study of the US National Inpatient Sample 2001to 2009[J].Circulation,2012,126(5):546-550.
[32]赵秀发,李斗.不同现场心肺复苏方法对复苏成功率的影响[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2016,11(1):97-98.
[33]Wang CH,Chen WJ,Chang WT,et al.The association between timing of tracheal intubation and outcomes of adult in-hospital cardiac arrest:A retrospective cohort study[J].Resuscitation,2016,8(105):59-65.
[34]Andersen LW,Granfeldt A,Callaway CW,et al.Association Between tracheal intubation during adult inhospital cardiac arrest and survival[J].JAMA,2017,317(5):494-506.
[35]Thiagarajan RR,Brogan TV,Scheurer MA,et al.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2009,87(3):778-785.
[36]ECMO Registry of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization(ELSO).International Summary of the ECLS Registry[EB/OL].Ann Arbor,Michigan,USA,2017.
[37]Maekawa K,Tanno K,Hase M,et al.Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients with outof-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin:apropensity-matched study and predictor analysis[J].Crit Care Med,2013,41(5):1186-1196.
[38]Kim SJ,Kim HJ,Lee HY,et al.Comparing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation:A meta-analysis[J].Resuscitation,2016,103:106-116.
[39]Ahn C,Kim W,Cho Y,et al.Efficacy of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation compared to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult cardiac arrest patients:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:34208.
[40]Arrich J,Holzer M,Havel C,et al.Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2016,15(2):1-52.
[41]Srivilaithon W,Muengtaweepongsa S.The Outcomes of Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest at Emergency Department:A Real-World Experience in a Developing Country[J].Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag,2017,7(3):24-29.
[42]Geocadin RG,Wijdicks E,Armstrong MJ,et al.Practice guideline summary:reducing brain injury following cardiopulmonary resuscitation:report of the guideline development,dissemination,and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology[J].Neurology,2017,88(22):2141-2149.
[43]Schober A,Sterz F,Laggner AN,et al.Admission of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims to high volume cardiac arrest center is linked to improved outcome[J].Resuscitation,2016,106(9):42-48.
[44]陈新,韦建革,覃向华,等.团队心肺复苏成功74例报告[J].临床急诊杂志,2017,18(6):457-459.
[45]Kurz MC,Donnelly JP,Wang HE.Variations in survival after cardiac arrest among academic medical center-affiliated hospitals[J].PLoS One,2017,12(6):e178793.
[2]Silverman MG,Blaha MJ,Krumholz HM,et al.Impact of coronary artery calcium on coronary heart disease events in individuals at the extremes of traditional risk factor burden:the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis[J].Eur Heart J,2014,35(33):2232-2241.
[3]Ong ME,Shin SD,De Souza NN,et al.Outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests across 7countries in A-sia:The Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study(PAROS)[J].Resuscitation,2015,96:100-108.
[4]Shao F,Li CS,Liang LR,et al.Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Beijing,China[J].Resuscitation,2014,85(11):1411-1417.
[5]Jacobs I,Nadkarni V,Bahr J,et al.Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports:update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries[J].Resuscitation,2004,63(3):233-249.
[6]Yang HJ,Kim GW,Kim H,et al.Epidemiology and outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest:a report from the NEDIS-Based Cardiac Arrest Registry in Korea[J].J Korean Med Sci,2015,30(1):95-103.
[7]薛继可,冷巧云,高玉芝,等.急诊科心搏骤停患者心肺复苏预后的影响因素[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2013,22(1):28-34.
[8]刘洪伟,王耀辉,孙伟,等.基于Utstein模式下秦皇岛地区院前心搏骤停患者生存链现状分析[J].临床急诊杂志,2018,19(3):172-175.
[9]Mozaffarian D,Benjamin EJ,Go AS,et al.Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2015 Update A Report From the American Heart Association[J].Circulation,2015,131(4):e29-e322.
[10]Ishtiaq O,Iqbal M,Zubair M,et al.Outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation predictors of survival[J].JColl physicians Surg Pak,2008,18(1):3-7.
[11]Raffee LA,Samrah SM,Al Yousef HN,et al.Trend of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Following In-hospital Compared to Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest in Northern Jordan[J].Indian J Crit Care Med,2017,21(7):436-441.
[12]郑康,马青变,王国兴.心脏骤停生存链实施现状及预后因素研究[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2017,26(1):51-56.
[13]Neumar RW,ShusterM,CallawayCW,et al.Partl:Executive Summary:2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardio vascular care[J].Circulation,2015,132(18Suppl 2):315-367.
[14]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2013Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival(CARES)National Summary Report[J].Accessed,2014,15.
[15]Nolan JP,Soar J,Smith GB,et al.Incidence and outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit[J].Resuscitation,2014,85(8):987-992.
[16]Wibrandt I,Norsted K,Schmidt H,et al.Predictors for outcome among cardiac arrest patients:the importance of initial cardiac arrestrhythm versus time to return of spontaneous circulation,a retrospective cohort study[J].BMC Emerg Med,2015,15(1):3.
[17]Rajan S,Folke F,Hansen SM,et al.Incidence and survival outcome according to heart rhythm during resuscitation attempt in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with presumed cardiac etiology[J].Resuscitation,2017,114:157-163.
[18]黎敏,宋维,吕雪,等.心肺复苏Utstein模式注册登记研究:急性心肌梗死导致心脏骤停的流行病学调查研究[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2014,23(12):1385-1387.
[19]Kragholm K,Malta Hansen C,Dupre ME,et al.Direct transport to a percutaneous cardiac intervention center and outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest[J].Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes,2017,10(6):e003414.
[20]Adnet F,Triba MN,Borron SW,et al.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients[J].Resuscitation,2017,111:74-81.
[21]Gomes AM,Timerman A,Souza CA,et al.Prognostic factors of survival in post cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation in general hospital[J].Arq Bras Cardiol,2005,85(4):262-271.
[22]Kragholm K,Wissenberg M,Mortensen RN,et al.Bystander efforts and 1-year outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest[J].N Engl J Med,2017,376(18):1737-1747.
[23]Kragholm K,Wissenberg M,Mortensen RN,et al.Return to work in out-ofhospital cardiac arrest survivors:a nationwide register-based follow-up study[J].Circulation,2015,131(19):1682-1690.
[24]Claesson A,Herlitz J,Svensson L,et al.Defibrillation before EMS arrival in western Sweden[J].Am JEmerg Med,2017,35(8):1043-1048.
[25]单飞,顾君梅.院外心脏电除颤不同时机选择对心肺复苏的影响[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2015,10(7):693-695.
[26]张在其,陈兵,公保才旦,等.我国大中城市院前死亡患者流行病学调查分析-附12568例分析[J].新医学,2010,41(11):708-711.
[27]Xu F,Zhang Y,Chen Y.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in China:current situation and future development[J].JAMA Cardiol,2017,2(5):469-470.
[28]中国研究型医院学会心肺复苏学专业委员会.2016中国心肺复苏专家共识[J].中华灾害救援医学,2017,5(1):1-14.
[29]Nichol G,Thomas E,Callaway CW,et al.Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome[J].JAMA,2008,300(12):1423-1431.
[30]杜丽鹏,张海燕,王建林,等.基层医院医务人员心肺复苏技能调查与培训效果探讨[J].中国中医急症,2013,22(2):262-263.
[31]Fugate JE,Brinjikji W,et al.Post-cardiac arrest mortality is declining:a study of the US National Inpatient Sample 2001to 2009[J].Circulation,2012,126(5):546-550.
[32]赵秀发,李斗.不同现场心肺复苏方法对复苏成功率的影响[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2016,11(1):97-98.
[33]Wang CH,Chen WJ,Chang WT,et al.The association between timing of tracheal intubation and outcomes of adult in-hospital cardiac arrest:A retrospective cohort study[J].Resuscitation,2016,8(105):59-65.
[34]Andersen LW,Granfeldt A,Callaway CW,et al.Association Between tracheal intubation during adult inhospital cardiac arrest and survival[J].JAMA,2017,317(5):494-506.
[35]Thiagarajan RR,Brogan TV,Scheurer MA,et al.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2009,87(3):778-785.
[36]ECMO Registry of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization(ELSO).International Summary of the ECLS Registry[EB/OL].Ann Arbor,Michigan,USA,2017.
[37]Maekawa K,Tanno K,Hase M,et al.Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients with outof-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin:apropensity-matched study and predictor analysis[J].Crit Care Med,2013,41(5):1186-1196.
[38]Kim SJ,Kim HJ,Lee HY,et al.Comparing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation:A meta-analysis[J].Resuscitation,2016,103:106-116.
[39]Ahn C,Kim W,Cho Y,et al.Efficacy of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation compared to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult cardiac arrest patients:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:34208.
[40]Arrich J,Holzer M,Havel C,et al.Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2016,15(2):1-52.
[41]Srivilaithon W,Muengtaweepongsa S.The Outcomes of Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest at Emergency Department:A Real-World Experience in a Developing Country[J].Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag,2017,7(3):24-29.
[42]Geocadin RG,Wijdicks E,Armstrong MJ,et al.Practice guideline summary:reducing brain injury following cardiopulmonary resuscitation:report of the guideline development,dissemination,and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology[J].Neurology,2017,88(22):2141-2149.
[43]Schober A,Sterz F,Laggner AN,et al.Admission of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims to high volume cardiac arrest center is linked to improved outcome[J].Resuscitation,2016,106(9):42-48.
[44]陈新,韦建革,覃向华,等.团队心肺复苏成功74例报告[J].临床急诊杂志,2017,18(6):457-459.
[45]Kurz MC,Donnelly JP,Wang HE.Variations in survival after cardiac arrest among academic medical center-affiliated hospitals[J].PLoS One,2017,12(6):e178793.