芥菜类蔬菜种子休眠破除技术的研究
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摘要
采用常温、低温和变温处理的方法对5个芥菜变种开展了种子休眠敏感性试验,试验结果表明,在各芥菜变种材料开花期和采收期一致的情况下,以芥菜完成后熟(2017年采收)的种子为对照(CK),常温下进行种子发芽率测试,结球芥菜、茎瘤芥菜和大头菜无休眠现象,大叶芥菜17W170与分蘖芥菜17W306与各自对照间有显著差异;具休眠现象的芥菜种子,低温3 d处理及干燥种子变温处理可明显提高芥菜类种子发芽率。因此,芥菜类蔬菜不同变种存在不同程度的休眠,而低温和变温处理是打破芥菜类蔬菜种子休眠的实际有效方法。
In this study, seed dormancy sensitivity tests were carried out on 5 different mustard varieties by setting normal temperature treatment, low temperature treatment and variable temperature treatment. The results showed that, based on the same florescence and harvest period of different varieties, the after-ripening mustard seeds(harvest in 2017) of each variety were taken as the control treatments(CK), and the germination rates of mustard which were tested under normal germination condition showed that there was no dormancy phenomenon of ball mustard, tumorous stem mustard and root mustard. The germination rates of big leaf mustard 17W170 and tillering mustard 17W306 were very low, which were significantly different from that of their own control treatment. The results of different mustard seeds with dormancy phenomenon under different treatments showed that, the germination rate of mustard seeds could be improved obviously by low temperature treatment for 3 days and variable temperature treatment of dry seeds. Therefore, there were different degrees of dormancy in different mustard varieties, and low temperature and variable temperature treatments were effective methods to break the dormancy of mustard seeds.
In this study, seed dormancy sensitivity tests were carried out on 5 different mustard varieties by setting normal temperature treatment, low temperature treatment and variable temperature treatment. The results showed that, based on the same florescence and harvest period of different varieties, the after-ripening mustard seeds(harvest in 2017) of each variety were taken as the control treatments(CK), and the germination rates of mustard which were tested under normal germination condition showed that there was no dormancy phenomenon of ball mustard, tumorous stem mustard and root mustard. The germination rates of big leaf mustard 17W170 and tillering mustard 17W306 were very low, which were significantly different from that of their own control treatment. The results of different mustard seeds with dormancy phenomenon under different treatments showed that, the germination rate of mustard seeds could be improved obviously by low temperature treatment for 3 days and variable temperature treatment of dry seeds. Therefore, there were different degrees of dormancy in different mustard varieties, and low temperature and variable temperature treatments were effective methods to break the dormancy of mustard seeds.
引文
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[13]李金坤.浅谈种子休眠[J].种子世界,2011(1):49-50.
[14]魏俊,陆秀君,张晓林,等.MicroRNA在种子发育、休眠与萌发过程中的作用[J].遗传,2017,39(1):14-21.
[15]张德纯.叶用芥菜[J].中国蔬菜,2014(9):64.
[16]罗燕华,陈亚雪,林秀芳,等.闽南地区大叶芥的制种技术[J].蔬菜,2014(9):53-54.
[17]郭盈温,别黎英,马华锋.种子发芽率、活力与田间出苗率之间的关系[J].种子科技,2008,26(6):24.
[2]范永红,沈进娟,董代文.芥菜类蔬菜产业发展现状及研究前景思考[J].农学学报,2016,6(2):65-71.
[3]万正杰,李海渤,姚培杰,等.芥菜类蔬菜杂种优势利用的研究进展与展望[J].华中农业大学学报,2018,37(1):115-120.
[4]Bewley J D.Seed germination and dormancy[J].Plant Cell,1997,9(7):1 055-1 066.
[5]Hilhorst H W M.A critical update on seed dormancy.ⅠPrimary dormancy[J].Seed Sci Res,1995,5(2):61-73.
[6]杨期和,叶万辉,宋松泉,等.植物种子休眠的原因及休眠的多形性[J].西北植物学报,2003(5):837-843.
[7]魏安荣.北移茎用芥菜种子休眠问题初探[J].中国蔬菜,1994(5):41-42.
[8]韩海霞.沙芥种子发育及休眠生理特性的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[9]李广昌,黄一赐,林水明.催芽处理对芥菜种子萌发的影响[J].上海蔬菜,2008(6):71-72.
[10]严冬晖.常用蔬菜种子发芽特性及破除休眠方法[J].种子世界,2014(9):50-51.
[11]陈胜利,李斌,孙渭.干湿和变温处理对烟草种子萌发的影响[J].烟草科技,2005(2):35-37.
[12]孙正海,林开文,缑浚滑,等.不同变温处理对陈西瓜种子发芽率及株高的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2008(12):47-48.
[13]李金坤.浅谈种子休眠[J].种子世界,2011(1):49-50.
[14]魏俊,陆秀君,张晓林,等.MicroRNA在种子发育、休眠与萌发过程中的作用[J].遗传,2017,39(1):14-21.
[15]张德纯.叶用芥菜[J].中国蔬菜,2014(9):64.
[16]罗燕华,陈亚雪,林秀芳,等.闽南地区大叶芥的制种技术[J].蔬菜,2014(9):53-54.
[17]郭盈温,别黎英,马华锋.种子发芽率、活力与田间出苗率之间的关系[J].种子科技,2008,26(6):24.