武汉市饮用水中氯化消毒副产物风险评价
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摘要
目的了解武汉市饮用水中消毒副产物种类和污染状况,并对其健康风险进行评价。方法依据《生活饮用水标准检测方法》(GB/T5750-2006)对武汉市主城区市政出厂水氯化消毒副产物进行监测,利用美国环境保护局USEPA推荐的健康风险模型进行风险评价。结果武汉市饮用水中共检出三卤甲烷类物质(三氯甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷)、三氯乙醛和二氯甲烷等5种氯化消毒副产物,所检水样氯化消毒副产物含量均低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)规定的标准限值。武汉市饮用水中氯化消毒副产物通过饮水途径所致的非致癌风险HI值小于1,致癌风险为9.87×10~(-9)a~(-1)～2.14×10~(-5) a~(-1),氯化消毒副产物致癌风险和非致癌风险均可接受。结论三氯甲烷是氯化消毒副产物健康风险值的主要贡献者,应作为饮用水风险管理的重点对象。
Objective To understand the types and pollution status of chlorination disinfection by-products(DBPs) in drinking water in Wuhan, and to evaluate their potential health risks. Methods According to the "Standard Test Method for Drinking Water"(GB/T 5750-2006), the contents of DBPs in municipal water in main city of Wuhan were determined from 2013 to 2018.The health risk model recommended by USEPA was used to evaluate the health risks. Results 5 DBPs including trichloromethane(TCM), chlorodibromomethane(BDCM), dichlorobromomethane(DBCM), trichloroacetaldehyde and dichloromethane were detected in drinking water in Wuhan. The contents of all detected DBPs were lower than the standard limits specified in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB5749-2006). The non-carcinogenic risk HI value of DBPs through drinking water was less than 1, and the carcinogenic risk of DBPs was between 9.87×10~(-9)and 2.14×10~(-5) per year. Both potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks caused by DBPs through drinking water were acceptable. Conclusion Trichloromethane was a major contributor to the health risk of chlorination by-products and should be the focus of risk management for drinking water.
Objective To understand the types and pollution status of chlorination disinfection by-products(DBPs) in drinking water in Wuhan, and to evaluate their potential health risks. Methods According to the "Standard Test Method for Drinking Water"(GB/T 5750-2006), the contents of DBPs in municipal water in main city of Wuhan were determined from 2013 to 2018.The health risk model recommended by USEPA was used to evaluate the health risks. Results 5 DBPs including trichloromethane(TCM), chlorodibromomethane(BDCM), dichlorobromomethane(DBCM), trichloroacetaldehyde and dichloromethane were detected in drinking water in Wuhan. The contents of all detected DBPs were lower than the standard limits specified in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB5749-2006). The non-carcinogenic risk HI value of DBPs through drinking water was less than 1, and the carcinogenic risk of DBPs was between 9.87×10~(-9)and 2.14×10~(-5) per year. Both potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks caused by DBPs through drinking water were acceptable. Conclusion Trichloromethane was a major contributor to the health risk of chlorination by-products and should be the focus of risk management for drinking water.
引文
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[ 3 ] 刘忠慧,王洋,李文凤,等.天津市儿童氟斑牙现状与水氟健康风险评价[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(3):22-25.
[ 4 ] 吴春江,万迎春,吴中乔,等.荆州航道工程水域有害元素分布及健康风险评价[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(4):43-46.
[ 5 ] 王珂,陈小岳.饮用水氯化消毒副产物对健康的危害及其影响因素研究进展[J].职业与健康,2015,31(20):1577-1880.
[ 6 ] 杜向阳,张博.上海市黄浦区饮用水中氯化消毒副产物的分布特征[J].职业与健康,2016,32(22):3117-3119.
[ 7 ] 梁锡念,黄隽,何伦发,等.2013—2016 年某市市政供水出厂水消毒副产物监测结果分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2017,7(4):284-290.
[ 8 ] 杨洛贤,縢卫林,王强,等.2014年杭州市主城区饮用水中消毒副产物的分布及其健康风险[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(3):237-242.
[ 9 ] 刘丽颖,陈小岳,张荣,等.煮沸前后饮水有机污染物及消毒副产物含量的变化[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30 (8):715-717.
[ 2 ] Beane Freeman LE,Cantor KP,Baris D,et al.Bladder Cancer and Water Disinfection By-product Exposures through Multiple Routes:A Population-Based Case-Control Study[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2017,125(6):67010.
[ 3 ] 刘忠慧,王洋,李文凤,等.天津市儿童氟斑牙现状与水氟健康风险评价[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(3):22-25.
[ 4 ] 吴春江,万迎春,吴中乔,等.荆州航道工程水域有害元素分布及健康风险评价[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(4):43-46.
[ 5 ] 王珂,陈小岳.饮用水氯化消毒副产物对健康的危害及其影响因素研究进展[J].职业与健康,2015,31(20):1577-1880.
[ 6 ] 杜向阳,张博.上海市黄浦区饮用水中氯化消毒副产物的分布特征[J].职业与健康,2016,32(22):3117-3119.
[ 7 ] 梁锡念,黄隽,何伦发,等.2013—2016 年某市市政供水出厂水消毒副产物监测结果分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2017,7(4):284-290.
[ 8 ] 杨洛贤,縢卫林,王强,等.2014年杭州市主城区饮用水中消毒副产物的分布及其健康风险[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(3):237-242.
[ 9 ] 刘丽颖,陈小岳,张荣,等.煮沸前后饮水有机污染物及消毒副产物含量的变化[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30 (8):715-717.