水位变化对鄱阳湖三角洲分流河道沉积特征的影响
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摘要
选取鄱阳湖赣江中支三角洲平原分流河道和信江三角洲前缘分流河道,采用现代沉积考察、剖面挖掘、粒度分析等方法,就水位变化对分流河道沉积特征的影响进行研究。结果表明:在赣江中支三角洲平原分流河道内发育滞留沉积和边滩沉积2种沉积单元;信江三角洲前缘分流河道内发育蝌蚪状砂垄砂、长条形浅滩砂、条带状河道砂3种沉积单元;三角洲分流河道砂在水位上升期向岸溯源沉积,在低水位期向盆地进积,是三角洲发育主要时期;边滩沉积在水位上升阶段发育水位上升楔状砂,在水位下降阶段发育水位下降侧积砂;三角洲前缘分流河道在水位上升期沉积蝌蚪状砂垄,被湖浪改造后在两侧河岸形成长条形浅滩砂;水位下降期沉积条带状河道砂,受水位变化影响,分流河道类砂体在平面及剖面上的砂体组合表现出一定的分带性及储层非均质性。
To study the impact of water level change on the sedimentary characteristics of distributary channel in Poyang Lake delta,this research applied methods of modern sedimentary investigation,mining profile,and grain size analysis to delta plain distributary channels in Ganjiang middle branch delta and Xinjiang delta front.The results suggest that there are two types of sedimentary units in the distributary channels in Ganjiang middle branch delta:lag deposit and point-bar;and three types in the distributary channels of Xinjiang delta front:tadpole-shaped sand ridge,linear low-lying sand,banded channel sand,respectively.When water level rises,sediments mainly deposit onshore back to the source in delta distributary channel;meanwhile,point bar receives sediments and develops water rising wedge-shaped sand.Sediments mainly prograde towards the basin,and delta develops at low water level.When water level declines,point bar develops water falling lateral sand.When water level rises,delta front distributary channel develops tadpole-shaped sand ridge,which is subsequently transformed into banded channel sand by waves on both sides of the river;when water level declines,delta front distributary channel develops banded channel sand.Affected by water level change,sand in the distributary channel shows a heterogeneous distribution in both the plane and vertical profiles,while sand in the delta front distributary channel has typical in plane zoning features.
To study the impact of water level change on the sedimentary characteristics of distributary channel in Poyang Lake delta,this research applied methods of modern sedimentary investigation,mining profile,and grain size analysis to delta plain distributary channels in Ganjiang middle branch delta and Xinjiang delta front.The results suggest that there are two types of sedimentary units in the distributary channels in Ganjiang middle branch delta:lag deposit and point-bar;and three types in the distributary channels of Xinjiang delta front:tadpole-shaped sand ridge,linear low-lying sand,banded channel sand,respectively.When water level rises,sediments mainly deposit onshore back to the source in delta distributary channel;meanwhile,point bar receives sediments and develops water rising wedge-shaped sand.Sediments mainly prograde towards the basin,and delta develops at low water level.When water level declines,point bar develops water falling lateral sand.When water level rises,delta front distributary channel develops tadpole-shaped sand ridge,which is subsequently transformed into banded channel sand by waves on both sides of the river;when water level declines,delta front distributary channel develops banded channel sand.Affected by water level change,sand in the distributary channel shows a heterogeneous distribution in both the plane and vertical profiles,while sand in the delta front distributary channel has typical in plane zoning features.
引文
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[14]张春生,陈庆松.全新世鄱阳湖沉积环境及沉积特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(1):24-29.ZHANG Chunsheng,CHEN Qingsong.Holocene sedimentary environment and characteristics in the poyang lake[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1996,18(1):24-29.
[15]顾中宇.鄱阳湖水文特征分析及水体形态特征的遥感提取[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2007.GU Zhongyu.Study on hydrological and geomorphologic characteristics of Poyang lake by intergrating hydrological records and remote sensing[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Normal University,2007.
[16]尹太举,李宣玥,张昌民,等.现代浅水湖盆三角洲沉积砂体形态特征:以洞庭湖和鄱阳湖为例[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(10):1-7,166.YIN Taiju,LI Xuanyue,ZHANG Changmin,et al.Sandbody shape of modern shallow lake basin delta sediments:by taking Dongting lake and Poyang lake for example[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(10):1-7,166.
[17]曹耀华.长江中游边滩类型及几何特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1994,16(4):22-27.CAO Yaohua.Types and geometry of the point bars in the middle Yangzi river[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1994,16(4):22-27.
[2]肖佃师,卢双舫,王海生,等.三角洲外前缘薄砂体地震综合预测方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):62-69.XIAO Dianshi,LU Shuangfang,WANG Haisheng,et al.Comprehensive prediction method of seismic to thin sandstone reservoir in delta-frontal[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(4):62-69.
[3]楼章华,卢庆梅,蔡希源,等.湖平面升降对浅水三角洲前缘砂体形态的影响[J].沉积学报,1998,16(4):27-31.LOU Zhanghua,LU Qingmei,CAI Xiyuan,et al.Influence of lake level fluctuation on sandbody shapes at shallow-water delta front[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(4):27-31.
[4]楼章华,袁笛,金爱民.松辽盆地北部浅水三角洲前缘砂体类型、特征与沉积动力学过程分析[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2004,31(2):211-215.LOU Zhanghua,YUAN Di,JIN Aimin.Types,characteristics of sandbodies in shallow-water delta front and sedimentary models in Northern Songliao Basin,China[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2004,31(2):211-215.
[5]邱隆伟,王新征,任拥军,等.牛庄洼陷沙二段储层沉积格架及隐蔽油气藏分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:104-108.
[6]朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式:以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99.ZHU Xiaomin,LIU Yuan,FANG Qing,et al.Formation and sedimentary model of shallow delta in large-scale lake,example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao Sag,Songliao Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):89-99.
[7]黄秀,刘可禹,邹才能,等.鄱阳湖浅水三角洲沉积体系三维定量正演模拟[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2013,38(5):1005-1013.HUANG Xiu,LIU Keyu,ZOU Caineng,et al.Forward stratigraphic modelling of the depositional process and evolution of shallow water deltas in the Poyang Lake,Southern China[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2013,38(5):1005-1013.
[8]CORNEL O,JANOK P B.Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of river-dominated delta systems[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76:212-233.
[9]金振奎,李燕,高白水,等.现代缓坡三角洲沉积模式:以鄱阳湖赣江三角洲为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(4):710-723.JIN Zhenkui,LI Yan,GAO Baishui,et al.Depositional model of modern gentle-slope delta:a case study from ganjiang delta in Poyang lake[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(4):710-723.
[10]邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,等.大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):813-825.ZOU Caineng,ZHAO Wenzhi,ZHANG Xingyang,et al.Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):813-825.
[11]朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,等.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):575-582.ZHU Weilin,LI Jianping,ZHOU Xinhuai,et al.Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay,China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(4):575-582.
[12]KEUMSUK L,MCMECHAN G A,GANI M R,et al.3-D architecture and sequence stratigraphic evolution of a forced regressive top-truncated mixed-influenced delta,Cretaceous Wall Creek sandstone,Wyoming,USA[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(4):284-302.
[13]朱海虹,郑长苏,王云飞,等.鄱阳湖现代三角洲沉积相研究[J].石油与天然气地质,1981,2(2):89-103,201.ZHU Haihong,ZHENG Changsu,WANG Yunfei,et al.A study of the sedimentary facies of the deltas in Boyang lake[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1981,2(2):89-103,201.
[14]张春生,陈庆松.全新世鄱阳湖沉积环境及沉积特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(1):24-29.ZHANG Chunsheng,CHEN Qingsong.Holocene sedimentary environment and characteristics in the poyang lake[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1996,18(1):24-29.
[15]顾中宇.鄱阳湖水文特征分析及水体形态特征的遥感提取[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2007.GU Zhongyu.Study on hydrological and geomorphologic characteristics of Poyang lake by intergrating hydrological records and remote sensing[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Normal University,2007.
[16]尹太举,李宣玥,张昌民,等.现代浅水湖盆三角洲沉积砂体形态特征:以洞庭湖和鄱阳湖为例[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(10):1-7,166.YIN Taiju,LI Xuanyue,ZHANG Changmin,et al.Sandbody shape of modern shallow lake basin delta sediments:by taking Dongting lake and Poyang lake for example[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(10):1-7,166.
[17]曹耀华.长江中游边滩类型及几何特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1994,16(4):22-27.CAO Yaohua.Types and geometry of the point bars in the middle Yangzi river[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1994,16(4):22-27.