局部振动作用下地下软黏土流动特性试验
|
摘要
为研究引起隧道持续沉降的原因,通过拖球试验从流体力学角度研究地下软黏土在不同含水率、不同振动频率、不同围压条件下流动特性的变化情况。试验结果表明:软黏土的流动性随着含水率和振动频率的增加而增加,随着围压的增大而减小;增加含水率对软黏土流动性的促进作用,在较低含水率时较明显,随着土样含水率的逐渐升高而变得不再显著。围压和振动频率对软黏土的流动特性有交叉影响:在高振动频率下,围压的增加对软黏土的流动特性影响不大;在高围压下,只有当振动频率超过临界值时,振动频率的增加才会影响软黏土的流动特性。
Localized vibration caused by the metro operation changes the mechanical properties of underground soft clay, which can cause engineering geological problems, such as continuous subsidence of metro tunnels, but the mechanism is still unclear. In order to study the cause of tunnel's continuous settlement, this paper studies the flow characteristics of underground soft clay under different water contents, vibration frequencies and confining pressures by the pulling sphere experiment. The experimental results indicate that the flow characteristics of soft clay increase with the increasing water content and vibration frequency, and decrease with the increasing confining pressure. However, the effect of increasing water content on the fluidity of soft clay is more obvious at lower water content, and becomes no longer significant with the gradual increase of water content of soil sample. Confining pressure and vibration frequency have cross-effects on the flow characteristics of soft clay. Under high vibration frequency, the confining pressure has little effect on the flow characteristics of soft clay. At presence of high confining pressure, the increase of vibration frequency will affect the flow characteristics of soft clay only if the vibration frequency exceeds a critical value.
Localized vibration caused by the metro operation changes the mechanical properties of underground soft clay, which can cause engineering geological problems, such as continuous subsidence of metro tunnels, but the mechanism is still unclear. In order to study the cause of tunnel's continuous settlement, this paper studies the flow characteristics of underground soft clay under different water contents, vibration frequencies and confining pressures by the pulling sphere experiment. The experimental results indicate that the flow characteristics of soft clay increase with the increasing water content and vibration frequency, and decrease with the increasing confining pressure. However, the effect of increasing water content on the fluidity of soft clay is more obvious at lower water content, and becomes no longer significant with the gradual increase of water content of soil sample. Confining pressure and vibration frequency have cross-effects on the flow characteristics of soft clay. Under high vibration frequency, the confining pressure has little effect on the flow characteristics of soft clay. At presence of high confining pressure, the increase of vibration frequency will affect the flow characteristics of soft clay only if the vibration frequency exceeds a critical value.
引文
[ 1 ] 刘雪珠,陈国兴.轨道交通荷载下路基土的动力学行为研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(2):248-255.(LIU Xuezhu,CHEN Guoxing.Advances in researches on mechanical behavior of subgrade soils under repeated-load of high-speed track vehicles[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2008,28(2):248-255.(in Chinese))
[ 2 ] NG C W W,LIU Guobin,LI Qing.Investigation of the long-term tunnel settlement mechanisms of the first metro line in Shanghai[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2013,50(6):674-684.
[ 3 ] 狄宏规,周顺华,宫全美,等.软土地区地铁隧道不均匀沉降特征及分区控制[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(增刊2):74-79.(DI Honggui,ZHOU Shunhua,GONG Quanmei,et al.Differential settlement of metro tunnels and its zonal control in soft deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(Sup2):74-79.(in Chinese))
[ 4 ] 薛阔,王立娜,翟翅飞,等.地铁列车荷载引起隧道基底长期沉降研究[J].三峡大学学报 (自然科学版),2018,40(5):47-51.(XUE Kuo,WANG Lina,ZHAI Chifei,et al.Analysis of long-term settlement of tunnel foundation induced by metro train load[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),2018,40(5):47-51.(in Chinese))
[ 5 ] 周捡平,陈页开,匡月青,等.地铁列车移动荷载作用下饱和软黏土地基动力响应及长期累积变形[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18 (22):137-143.(ZHOU Jianping,CHEN Yekai,KUANG Yueqing,et al.Dynamic response and long-term accumulation deformation of saturated soft clay under repeated load of subway trains[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(22):137-143.(in Chinese))
[ 6 ] 王铁生,张利平,华锡生,等.隧道地表沉降预测的时变参数灰序模型TGM-AR[J].河海大学学报 (自然科学版),2007,35(6):655-658.(WANG Tiesheng,ZHANG Liping,HUA Xisheng,et al.Time-dependent parameter gray model TGM-AR for prediction of surface settlement of tunnels[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2007,35(6):655-658.(in Chinese))
[ 7 ] 高广运,陈娟,梁婷.地铁循环荷载作用下上海软土地基长期沉降计算[J].中国科技论文,2018,13(1):6-11.(GAO Guangyun,CHEN Juan,LIANG Ting.Long-term settlement of soft soil foundation under metro cyclic loading in Shanghai[J].China Sciencepaper,2018,13(1):6-11.(in Chinese))
[ 8 ] 郭林,蔡袁强,谷川,等.循环荷载下软黏土回弹和累积变形特性[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2013,47(12):2111-2117.(GUO Lin,CAI Yuanqiang,GU Chuan,et al.Resilient and permanent strain behavior of soft clay under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2013,47(12):2111-2117.(in Chinese))
[ 9 ] 闫春岭,张书石,李阳阳,等.地铁荷载下隧道周围粉性土变形的22因子设计[J].地震工程学报,2018,40(5):1012-1017.(YAN Chunling,ZHANG Shushi,LI Yangyang,et al.22 factorial design for deformation of silty soil around tunnel under subway loading[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2018,40(5):1012-1017.(in Chinese))
[10] 冯斌.循环荷载下宁波软黏土的动力特性及其微观结构研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2016.
[11] 黄雨,毛无卫.液化后土体的流态化特性研究进展[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(4):501-506.(HUANG Yu,MAO Wuwei.State of art of fluidization behavior of post-liquefied soils[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2011,39(4):501-506.(in Chinese))
[12] ZHANG Xianwei,KONG Lingwei,YANG Aiwu,et al.Thixotropic mechanism of clay:a microstructural investigation[J].Soils and Foundations,2017,57(1):23-35.
[13] MORIWAKI H,INOKUCHI T,HATTANJI T,et al.Failure processes in a full-scale landslide experiment using a rainfall simulator[J].Landslides,2004,1(4):277-288.
[14] 朱晓冬.基于流体力学方法的边坡液化流滑特性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2017.
[15] JOHNSON A M.Mobilization of debris flows[J].Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie (Annals of Geomorphology),1970,9(Sup):168-186.
[16] WANG Fawu,SASSA K,WANG Gonghui.Mechanism of a long-runout landslide triggered by the August 1998 heavy rainfall in Fukushima Prefecture,Japan[J].Engineering Geology,2002,63(1/2):169-185.
[17] 陈育民,刘汉龙,邵国建,等.砂土液化及液化后流动特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1408-1413.(CHEN Yumin,LIU Hanlong,SHAO Guojian,et al.Laboratory tests on flow characteristics of liquefied and post-liquefied sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(9):1408-1413.(in Chinese))
[18] 张曦,唐益群,周念清,等.地铁振动荷载作用下隧道周围饱和软黏土动力响应研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(2):85-88.(ZHANG Xi,TANG Yiqun,ZHOU Nianqing,et al.Dynamic response of saturated soft clay around a subway tunnel under vibration load[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(2):85-88.(in Chinese))
[19] TANG Yiqun,CUI Zhendong,ZHANG Xi,et al.Dynamic response and pore pressure model of the saturated soft clay around the tunnel under vibration loading of Shanghai subway[J].Engineering Geology,2008,98(3/4):126-132.
[20] 严涛,肖新标,金学松,等.地铁列车运行引起的环境振动三维数值分析[J].铁道建筑,2010(7):67-69,112.(YAN Tao,XIAO Xinbiao,JIN Xuesong,et al.Three-dimensional numerical analysis of environment vibration induced by metro train operating[J].Railway Engineering,2010(7):67-69,112.(in Chinese))
[21] WANG Liping,ZHANG Ga.Centrifuge model test study on pile reinforcement behavior of cohesive soil slopes under earthquake conditions[J].Landslides,2014,11(2):213-223.
[22] 陈育民,周云东.基于流体力学方法的砂土液化后研究进展[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(4):418-421.(CHEN Yumin,ZHOU Yundong.Advances in sand post-liquefaction research based on fluid machanics method[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2007,35(4):418-421.(in Chinese))
[23] CHO Y I,HARTNETT J P.The falling ball viscometer:a new instrument for viscoelastic fluids[J].Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer,1979,6(4):335-342.
[24] 毕伟,张楠,庞翠平,等.地铁运行引起邻近建筑物振动的预测与分析[J].城市轨道交通研究,2017,20(11):29-33.(BI Wei,ZHANG Nan,PANG Cuiping,et al.Prediction and analysis of adjacent building vibration caused by metro operation[J].Urban Mass Transit,2017,20(11):29-33.(in Chinese))
[25] 张啟乐,刘林芽,李纪阳.地铁列车运行诱发地面振动的三维数值分析[J].铁道建筑,2015 (7):61-64.(ZHANG Qile,LIU Linya,LI Jiyang.Three dimensional numerical analysis of ground surface vibration induced by metro train running[J].Railway Engineering,2015(7):61-64.(in Chinese))
[26] 谭新根.南京地铁软土地层盾构施工沉降控制[J].城市轨道交通研究,2015,18(2):98-102.(TAN Xingen.Control of shield tunneling subsidence in soft soil of Nanjing subway project[J].Urban Mass Transit,2015,18(2):98-102.(in Chinese))
[27] 胡华.含水率对软土流变参数的影响特性及其机理分析[J].岩土工程技术,2005,19(3):134-136.(HU Hua.The influencing characteristics and mechanism of water content on rheological parameters of soft-soil[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2005,19(3):134-136.(in Chinese))
[28] 唐益群,张曦,周念清,等.地铁振动荷载作用下饱和软黏土性状微观研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(5):626-630.(TANG Yiqun,ZHANG Xi,ZHOU Nianqing,et al.Microscopic study of saturated soft clay's behavior under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2005,33(5):626-630.(in Chinese))
[29] 蒲黍絛,叶斌,王海诚,等.地铁循环荷载作用下隧道周边软黏土动力响应特性研究[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2019,38(2):19-26.(PU Shutao,YE Bin,WANG Haicheng,et al.Dynamic response characteristics of soft clay around tunnel under subway cyclic loads[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Sciences),2019,38(2):19-26.(in Chinese))
[30] 喻军,李元海,王克忠.深部隧道围岩分区破裂颗粒流模拟研究[J].地震工程学报,2017,39(4):759-766.(YU Jun,LI Yuanhai,WANG Kezhong.Particle flow simulation of zonal disintegration in deep tunnel surrounding rock[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2017,39(4):759-766.(in Chinese))
[31] 唐强森,刘涛.近距离上层隧道施工对下层隧道的扰动影响[J].地震工程学报,2018,40(3):591-596.(TANG Qiangsen,LIU Tao.Influence of construction disturbance from close upper tunnel on lower tunnel[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2018,40(3):591-596.(in Chinese))
[ 2 ] NG C W W,LIU Guobin,LI Qing.Investigation of the long-term tunnel settlement mechanisms of the first metro line in Shanghai[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2013,50(6):674-684.
[ 3 ] 狄宏规,周顺华,宫全美,等.软土地区地铁隧道不均匀沉降特征及分区控制[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(增刊2):74-79.(DI Honggui,ZHOU Shunhua,GONG Quanmei,et al.Differential settlement of metro tunnels and its zonal control in soft deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(Sup2):74-79.(in Chinese))
[ 4 ] 薛阔,王立娜,翟翅飞,等.地铁列车荷载引起隧道基底长期沉降研究[J].三峡大学学报 (自然科学版),2018,40(5):47-51.(XUE Kuo,WANG Lina,ZHAI Chifei,et al.Analysis of long-term settlement of tunnel foundation induced by metro train load[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),2018,40(5):47-51.(in Chinese))
[ 5 ] 周捡平,陈页开,匡月青,等.地铁列车移动荷载作用下饱和软黏土地基动力响应及长期累积变形[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18 (22):137-143.(ZHOU Jianping,CHEN Yekai,KUANG Yueqing,et al.Dynamic response and long-term accumulation deformation of saturated soft clay under repeated load of subway trains[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(22):137-143.(in Chinese))
[ 6 ] 王铁生,张利平,华锡生,等.隧道地表沉降预测的时变参数灰序模型TGM-AR[J].河海大学学报 (自然科学版),2007,35(6):655-658.(WANG Tiesheng,ZHANG Liping,HUA Xisheng,et al.Time-dependent parameter gray model TGM-AR for prediction of surface settlement of tunnels[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2007,35(6):655-658.(in Chinese))
[ 7 ] 高广运,陈娟,梁婷.地铁循环荷载作用下上海软土地基长期沉降计算[J].中国科技论文,2018,13(1):6-11.(GAO Guangyun,CHEN Juan,LIANG Ting.Long-term settlement of soft soil foundation under metro cyclic loading in Shanghai[J].China Sciencepaper,2018,13(1):6-11.(in Chinese))
[ 8 ] 郭林,蔡袁强,谷川,等.循环荷载下软黏土回弹和累积变形特性[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2013,47(12):2111-2117.(GUO Lin,CAI Yuanqiang,GU Chuan,et al.Resilient and permanent strain behavior of soft clay under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2013,47(12):2111-2117.(in Chinese))
[ 9 ] 闫春岭,张书石,李阳阳,等.地铁荷载下隧道周围粉性土变形的22因子设计[J].地震工程学报,2018,40(5):1012-1017.(YAN Chunling,ZHANG Shushi,LI Yangyang,et al.22 factorial design for deformation of silty soil around tunnel under subway loading[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2018,40(5):1012-1017.(in Chinese))
[10] 冯斌.循环荷载下宁波软黏土的动力特性及其微观结构研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2016.
[11] 黄雨,毛无卫.液化后土体的流态化特性研究进展[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(4):501-506.(HUANG Yu,MAO Wuwei.State of art of fluidization behavior of post-liquefied soils[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2011,39(4):501-506.(in Chinese))
[12] ZHANG Xianwei,KONG Lingwei,YANG Aiwu,et al.Thixotropic mechanism of clay:a microstructural investigation[J].Soils and Foundations,2017,57(1):23-35.
[13] MORIWAKI H,INOKUCHI T,HATTANJI T,et al.Failure processes in a full-scale landslide experiment using a rainfall simulator[J].Landslides,2004,1(4):277-288.
[14] 朱晓冬.基于流体力学方法的边坡液化流滑特性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2017.
[15] JOHNSON A M.Mobilization of debris flows[J].Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie (Annals of Geomorphology),1970,9(Sup):168-186.
[16] WANG Fawu,SASSA K,WANG Gonghui.Mechanism of a long-runout landslide triggered by the August 1998 heavy rainfall in Fukushima Prefecture,Japan[J].Engineering Geology,2002,63(1/2):169-185.
[17] 陈育民,刘汉龙,邵国建,等.砂土液化及液化后流动特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1408-1413.(CHEN Yumin,LIU Hanlong,SHAO Guojian,et al.Laboratory tests on flow characteristics of liquefied and post-liquefied sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(9):1408-1413.(in Chinese))
[18] 张曦,唐益群,周念清,等.地铁振动荷载作用下隧道周围饱和软黏土动力响应研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(2):85-88.(ZHANG Xi,TANG Yiqun,ZHOU Nianqing,et al.Dynamic response of saturated soft clay around a subway tunnel under vibration load[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(2):85-88.(in Chinese))
[19] TANG Yiqun,CUI Zhendong,ZHANG Xi,et al.Dynamic response and pore pressure model of the saturated soft clay around the tunnel under vibration loading of Shanghai subway[J].Engineering Geology,2008,98(3/4):126-132.
[20] 严涛,肖新标,金学松,等.地铁列车运行引起的环境振动三维数值分析[J].铁道建筑,2010(7):67-69,112.(YAN Tao,XIAO Xinbiao,JIN Xuesong,et al.Three-dimensional numerical analysis of environment vibration induced by metro train operating[J].Railway Engineering,2010(7):67-69,112.(in Chinese))
[21] WANG Liping,ZHANG Ga.Centrifuge model test study on pile reinforcement behavior of cohesive soil slopes under earthquake conditions[J].Landslides,2014,11(2):213-223.
[22] 陈育民,周云东.基于流体力学方法的砂土液化后研究进展[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(4):418-421.(CHEN Yumin,ZHOU Yundong.Advances in sand post-liquefaction research based on fluid machanics method[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2007,35(4):418-421.(in Chinese))
[23] CHO Y I,HARTNETT J P.The falling ball viscometer:a new instrument for viscoelastic fluids[J].Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer,1979,6(4):335-342.
[24] 毕伟,张楠,庞翠平,等.地铁运行引起邻近建筑物振动的预测与分析[J].城市轨道交通研究,2017,20(11):29-33.(BI Wei,ZHANG Nan,PANG Cuiping,et al.Prediction and analysis of adjacent building vibration caused by metro operation[J].Urban Mass Transit,2017,20(11):29-33.(in Chinese))
[25] 张啟乐,刘林芽,李纪阳.地铁列车运行诱发地面振动的三维数值分析[J].铁道建筑,2015 (7):61-64.(ZHANG Qile,LIU Linya,LI Jiyang.Three dimensional numerical analysis of ground surface vibration induced by metro train running[J].Railway Engineering,2015(7):61-64.(in Chinese))
[26] 谭新根.南京地铁软土地层盾构施工沉降控制[J].城市轨道交通研究,2015,18(2):98-102.(TAN Xingen.Control of shield tunneling subsidence in soft soil of Nanjing subway project[J].Urban Mass Transit,2015,18(2):98-102.(in Chinese))
[27] 胡华.含水率对软土流变参数的影响特性及其机理分析[J].岩土工程技术,2005,19(3):134-136.(HU Hua.The influencing characteristics and mechanism of water content on rheological parameters of soft-soil[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2005,19(3):134-136.(in Chinese))
[28] 唐益群,张曦,周念清,等.地铁振动荷载作用下饱和软黏土性状微观研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(5):626-630.(TANG Yiqun,ZHANG Xi,ZHOU Nianqing,et al.Microscopic study of saturated soft clay's behavior under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2005,33(5):626-630.(in Chinese))
[29] 蒲黍絛,叶斌,王海诚,等.地铁循环荷载作用下隧道周边软黏土动力响应特性研究[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2019,38(2):19-26.(PU Shutao,YE Bin,WANG Haicheng,et al.Dynamic response characteristics of soft clay around tunnel under subway cyclic loads[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Sciences),2019,38(2):19-26.(in Chinese))
[30] 喻军,李元海,王克忠.深部隧道围岩分区破裂颗粒流模拟研究[J].地震工程学报,2017,39(4):759-766.(YU Jun,LI Yuanhai,WANG Kezhong.Particle flow simulation of zonal disintegration in deep tunnel surrounding rock[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2017,39(4):759-766.(in Chinese))
[31] 唐强森,刘涛.近距离上层隧道施工对下层隧道的扰动影响[J].地震工程学报,2018,40(3):591-596.(TANG Qiangsen,LIU Tao.Influence of construction disturbance from close upper tunnel on lower tunnel[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2018,40(3):591-596.(in Chinese))