日粮中添加牛至油对河西绒山羊育肥性能的影响研究
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摘要
牛至精油对家畜生产性能和免疫力的提高有重要的影响。通过在日粮中添加牛至精油育肥河西绒山羊,研究其对河西绒山羊生长性能、屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂的基础日粮中分别添加4和7g宜生饲宝(含牛至精油的添加剂),4和7g宜生饲宝中牛至精油的含量分别为52和91mg。对照组和试验组均为同月龄、同体重的河西绒山羊羯羊,试验组和对照组均设3个重复,每个重复5只羊。育肥期为90d,每30d为1个阶段。试验结果表明:育肥全期,对照组、4g组和7g组河西绒山羊平均日增重分别为96.30、172.22和169.82g·d~(-1),4g组和7g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4g组和7g组无显著差异(P>0.05);屠宰性状,胴体重对照组、4g组和7g组分别为20.24、24.18和23.90kg,无显著差异(P>0.05),屠宰率对照组、4g组和7g组分别为48.86%、51.21%和51.56%,4g组和7g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4g组和7g组无显著差异(P>0.05),胴体净肉重对照组、4g组和7g组分别为12.90、16.27和15.99kg,4g组和7g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4g组和7g组无显著差异(P>0.05);肉质性状,大理石纹4g组和7g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4g组和7g组无显著差异(P>0.05),pH、熟肉率、失水率、嫩度、蒸煮损失对照组、4g组、7g组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮中添加牛至油可以显著提高河西绒山羊的育肥性能,本试验日粮中添加4g宜生饲宝(含牛至精油52mg)效果最佳。
Oregano oil can significantly improve growth and immunity in domestic animals.The purpose of this research was to study the effects on growth performance,slaughtering performance and carcass quality of Hexi cashmere goat by adding oregano oil to their diets.The control group was fed a basic diet,while in the trial groups,4 and 7 g additives with oregano essential oil 52 and 91 mg respectively were added to the basal diet,respectively.Animals both in control and treatments groups were the same age and weight.Each treatment had 3 replicates each consisting 5 goats.The feeding period was 90 days with monitoring undertaken every 30 days.The results showed that the average daily gain of Hexi cashmere goats in control group,4 g group and 7 g group was 96.30,172.22 and 169.82 g·d~(-1),respectively,with the control group being significantly less than those groups supplemented with oregano oil(P<0.05).The carcass weights were 20.24,24.18 and 23.90 kg in control,4 and 7 g groups respectively.The slaughter rate,carcass net meat weight and the marbling of the longissimus dorsi muscle of 4 g group and 7 g group were significantly higher than them of control(P<0.05),but there was no difference between the oregano treatments groups(P>0.05).There were no differences in meat pH,cooked meat rate,water loss rate,tenderness and loose on cooking between treatments(P>0.05).Adding oregano oil to the diet improved the growth of Hexi cashmere goats;the optimum level was 52 mg·goat~(-1)·d~(-1).
Oregano oil can significantly improve growth and immunity in domestic animals.The purpose of this research was to study the effects on growth performance,slaughtering performance and carcass quality of Hexi cashmere goat by adding oregano oil to their diets.The control group was fed a basic diet,while in the trial groups,4 and 7 g additives with oregano essential oil 52 and 91 mg respectively were added to the basal diet,respectively.Animals both in control and treatments groups were the same age and weight.Each treatment had 3 replicates each consisting 5 goats.The feeding period was 90 days with monitoring undertaken every 30 days.The results showed that the average daily gain of Hexi cashmere goats in control group,4 g group and 7 g group was 96.30,172.22 and 169.82 g·d~(-1),respectively,with the control group being significantly less than those groups supplemented with oregano oil(P<0.05).The carcass weights were 20.24,24.18 and 23.90 kg in control,4 and 7 g groups respectively.The slaughter rate,carcass net meat weight and the marbling of the longissimus dorsi muscle of 4 g group and 7 g group were significantly higher than them of control(P<0.05),but there was no difference between the oregano treatments groups(P>0.05).There were no differences in meat pH,cooked meat rate,water loss rate,tenderness and loose on cooking between treatments(P>0.05).Adding oregano oil to the diet improved the growth of Hexi cashmere goats;the optimum level was 52 mg·goat~(-1)·d~(-1).
引文
[1] Wang F,Wang J T,Sun X Q.Research advance of origanum oil and its application in animal husbandry.China Feed,2005,(1):12-14.王芳,王吉谭,孙信权.牛至油研究进展及其在畜牧业中应用.中国饲料,2005,(1):12-14.
[2] Soto A R,Castro L D.Continuous subcritical water extraction as a useful tool for isolation of edible essential oils.Food Chemistry,2001,75(1):109-113.
[3] Dorman H J D,Deans H J S G.Antimicrobial agents from plants:antimicrobial activity of volatile oils.Diagnostic Microbiology&Infectious Disease,2000,12(3):45-50.
[4] Nostro A,Sudano R A,Bisignano G,et al.Effects of oregano,carvacrol and thymol on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms.Journal of Medical Microbiology,2007,56(4):519-23.
[5] Botsoglou N A,Florou-Paneri P,Christaki E,et al.Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast,thigh and abdominal fat tissues.British Poultry Science,2002,43(2):223-30.
[6] Zhou Y Y.Experimental study of Niuzhi extract on effect of digestion and antipyretic action.Journal of Hubei College of TCM,2001,3(3):22-23.周艳艳.牛至浸膏对肠道运动及解热镇痛作用的实验研究.湖北中医药大学学报,2001,3(3):22-23.
[7] Yeomans M R,Gray R W,Mitchell C J,et al.Independent effects of palatability and within-meal pauses on intake and appetite ratings in human volunteers.Appetite,1997,29(1):61-76.
[8] Cai J,Zhang W J.Research progress on feed additive oreganum oil.Resource Development,2013,(2):38-42.蔡杰,张文举.新型饲料添加剂—牛至油的研究进展.饲料博览,2013,(2):38-42.
[9] Vokou D,Kokkini S,Bessiere J M.Geographic variation of greek oregano(Origanum vulgare ssp.hirtum)essential oils.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,1993,21(2):287-295.
[10] Ranucci D,Beghelli D,Trabalza-Marinucci M,et al.Dietary effects of a mix derived from oregano(Origanum vulgare L.)essential oil and sweet chestnut(Castanea sativa Mill.)wood extract on pig performance,oxidative status and pork quality traits.Meat Science,2015,100:319-326.
[11] Chen J Y,Li Y Y,Wu S H,et al.Advances in mechanism of biological activities of plant essential oils.Natural Product Research and Development,2012,24(9):1312-1318.陈建烟,李永裕,吴少华,等.植物精油生物活性作用机理研究进.天然产物研究与开发,2012,24(9):1312-1318.
[12] Bertram H C,Andersen H J,Karlsson A H,et al.Prediction of technological quality(cooking loss and Napole Yield)of pork based on fresh meat characteristics.Meat Science,2003,65(2):707-712.
[13] Zhu Y P,Zhou P,Li J L,et al.Effects of low protein level diets supplemented with essential amino acids and cysteamine on meat quality and related genes expression of growing pigs.Acta Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica,2017,48(4):660-668.朱玉萍,周平,李蛟龙,等.低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮添加半胱胺对生长猪肉质和相关基因表达的影响.畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(4):660-668.
[14] Chen H L,Gu Y F,Ying X Q,et al.Effect of oil origanum on milking performance and anti-oxidative function of dairy cows.Cereal and Feed Industry,2005,(5):41-42.陈会良,顾有方,应小强,等.牛至油对奶牛产奶性能和抗氧化功能影响的研究.食品与饲料工业,2005,(5):41-42.
[15] Liu D W.Effect of oregano oil on production performance of piglets.Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2009,41(5):48-50.刘德稳.牛至油对仔猪生产性能的影响.畜牧与兽医,2009,41(5):48-50.
[16] Namkung H,Li M,Gong J,et al.Impact of feeding blends of organic acids and herbal extracts on growth performance,gut microbiota and digestive function in newly weaned pigs.Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2004,84(4):697-704.
[17] Han Q G,Song Y Y,Cui Y H,et al.Effects of oregano oil on the performance,serum antibody and fecal microbe of piglet.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2016,45(7):113-117.韩庆功,宋云义,崔艳红,等.牛至油对仔猪生产性能、抗体水平及粪便微生物的影响.河南农业科学,2016,45(7):113-117.
[18] Forte C,Ranucci D,Beghelli D,et al.Dietary integration with oregano(Origanum vulgare L.)essential oil improves growth rate and oxidative status in outdoor-reared,but not indoor-reared,pigs.Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(5):352-361
[19] Peng Q Y,Li J D,Li Z,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on growth performance,carcass traits and jejunal morphology in broiler chickens.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,214:148-153.
[20] Shiva C,Bernal S,Sauvain M,et al.Oregano essential oil(Origanum vulgare)and ginger dried extract(Zingiber officinale)as potential growth promoters in broilers.Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú,2012,23(2):160-170.
[21] Ciftci M.The Effect of an essential oil mix derived from oregano,clove and anise on broiler performance.International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(11):444-451.
[22] Ghazi S,Amjadian T,Norouzi S.Single and combined effects of vitamin C and oregano essential oil in diet,on growth performance,and blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress condition.International Journal of Biometeorology,2015,59(8):1019-1024.
[23] Passarinho A T P,Dias N F,Camilloto G P,et al.Sliced bread preservation through oregano essential oil-containing sachet.Journal of Food Process Engineering,2014,37(1):53-62.
[24] Manzanilla E G,Perez J F,Martin M,et al.Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of earlyweaned pigs.Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(11):3210-3218.
[25] Chen N,Li G Q,Yin J L,et al.Effects of the performance,blood index and the meat quality on Holstein Calf about botanic nutrimental element.Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2007,39(10):35-38.陈宁,李国庆,尹君亮,等.植物源营养素对荷斯坦公犊生产性能、血液指标和肉品质的影响.畜牧与兽医,2007,39(10):35-38.
[26] Sivropoulou A,Papanikolaou E,Nikolaou C,et al.Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of origanum essential oils.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1996,44(5):1202-1205.
[27] Murillo-Amador B,Nieto-Garibay A,Lopez-Aguilar R,et al.Physiological,morphometric characteristics and yield of Origanum vulgare L.and Thymus vulgaris L.exposed to open-field and shade-enclosure.Industrial Crops and Products,2013,49(4):659-667.
[28] Zhang L N,Wu P,Xuan C Z,et al.Advances in body size measurement and conformation appraisal for sheep.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(Supple1):190-197.张丽娜,武佩,宣传忠,等.羊只体尺参数测量及其形态评价研究进展.农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊1):190-197.
[29] Lin B,Ji M M,Liang Q,et al.Effect of cinnamon oil and oregano oil and their major components on rumen fer-mentation in vitro.Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2011,31(2):279-282.林波,纪苗苗,梁权,等.肉桂油和牛至油及其主要成分对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷产生的影响.中国兽医学报,2011,31(2):279-282.
[30] Chen X Q.Research progress on application of oregano oil in livestock production.Hubei Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2016,37(3):12-15.陈秀琴.牛至油在畜牧生产上的应用研究进展.湖北畜牧兽医,2016,37(3):12-15.
[31] Yan L,Zhu Z P,LüZ Z,et al.Effects of dietary different plant essential oils on growth performance,intestinal development,immune organ indexes and slaughter performance of broilers.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(4):1367-1375.燕磊,朱正鹏,吕尊周,等.饲粮中添加不同植物精油对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育、免疫器官指数及屠宰性能的影响.动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1367-1375.
[32] Gu H R,Ding J,Zhuang T,et al.Effects of different combinations of roughages on Boer Goat×Xu Huai mutton quality and blood biochemical indexes.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2013,49(15):51-54.顾洪如,丁健,庄涛,等.不同粗饲料组合对波尔×徐淮山羊肉品质和血液生化指标的影响.中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(15):51-54.
[33] Li L,Zhu Y,Wang X,et al.Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1Angus×Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2014,5(4):485-496.
[34] Asimwe L,Kimambo A E,Laswai G H,et al.Effect of days in feedlot on growth performance,carcass and meat quality attributes of Tanzania shorthorn zebu steers.Tropical Animal Health and Production,2015,47(5):867-876.
[35] Bidanel J P,Caritez J C,Gruand J,et al.Growth,carcass and meat quality performance of crossbred pigs with graded proportions of Meishan genes.Genetics Selection Evolution,1993,25(1):83.
[36] Wu X D,Zhao J X,Liu W Z,et al.Effect of replacement of soybean meal by oil cake of flax seed in diet on growth performance,meat quality,fatty acid content and blood biochemical indicators of sheep.Acta Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica,2017,48(7):1260-1270.武晓东,赵俊星,刘文忠,等.日粮中胡麻饼代替豆粕对绵羊生产性能、肉品质、脂肪酸含量及血液生化指标的影响.畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(7):1260-1270.
[2] Soto A R,Castro L D.Continuous subcritical water extraction as a useful tool for isolation of edible essential oils.Food Chemistry,2001,75(1):109-113.
[3] Dorman H J D,Deans H J S G.Antimicrobial agents from plants:antimicrobial activity of volatile oils.Diagnostic Microbiology&Infectious Disease,2000,12(3):45-50.
[4] Nostro A,Sudano R A,Bisignano G,et al.Effects of oregano,carvacrol and thymol on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms.Journal of Medical Microbiology,2007,56(4):519-23.
[5] Botsoglou N A,Florou-Paneri P,Christaki E,et al.Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast,thigh and abdominal fat tissues.British Poultry Science,2002,43(2):223-30.
[6] Zhou Y Y.Experimental study of Niuzhi extract on effect of digestion and antipyretic action.Journal of Hubei College of TCM,2001,3(3):22-23.周艳艳.牛至浸膏对肠道运动及解热镇痛作用的实验研究.湖北中医药大学学报,2001,3(3):22-23.
[7] Yeomans M R,Gray R W,Mitchell C J,et al.Independent effects of palatability and within-meal pauses on intake and appetite ratings in human volunteers.Appetite,1997,29(1):61-76.
[8] Cai J,Zhang W J.Research progress on feed additive oreganum oil.Resource Development,2013,(2):38-42.蔡杰,张文举.新型饲料添加剂—牛至油的研究进展.饲料博览,2013,(2):38-42.
[9] Vokou D,Kokkini S,Bessiere J M.Geographic variation of greek oregano(Origanum vulgare ssp.hirtum)essential oils.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,1993,21(2):287-295.
[10] Ranucci D,Beghelli D,Trabalza-Marinucci M,et al.Dietary effects of a mix derived from oregano(Origanum vulgare L.)essential oil and sweet chestnut(Castanea sativa Mill.)wood extract on pig performance,oxidative status and pork quality traits.Meat Science,2015,100:319-326.
[11] Chen J Y,Li Y Y,Wu S H,et al.Advances in mechanism of biological activities of plant essential oils.Natural Product Research and Development,2012,24(9):1312-1318.陈建烟,李永裕,吴少华,等.植物精油生物活性作用机理研究进.天然产物研究与开发,2012,24(9):1312-1318.
[12] Bertram H C,Andersen H J,Karlsson A H,et al.Prediction of technological quality(cooking loss and Napole Yield)of pork based on fresh meat characteristics.Meat Science,2003,65(2):707-712.
[13] Zhu Y P,Zhou P,Li J L,et al.Effects of low protein level diets supplemented with essential amino acids and cysteamine on meat quality and related genes expression of growing pigs.Acta Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica,2017,48(4):660-668.朱玉萍,周平,李蛟龙,等.低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮添加半胱胺对生长猪肉质和相关基因表达的影响.畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(4):660-668.
[14] Chen H L,Gu Y F,Ying X Q,et al.Effect of oil origanum on milking performance and anti-oxidative function of dairy cows.Cereal and Feed Industry,2005,(5):41-42.陈会良,顾有方,应小强,等.牛至油对奶牛产奶性能和抗氧化功能影响的研究.食品与饲料工业,2005,(5):41-42.
[15] Liu D W.Effect of oregano oil on production performance of piglets.Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2009,41(5):48-50.刘德稳.牛至油对仔猪生产性能的影响.畜牧与兽医,2009,41(5):48-50.
[16] Namkung H,Li M,Gong J,et al.Impact of feeding blends of organic acids and herbal extracts on growth performance,gut microbiota and digestive function in newly weaned pigs.Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2004,84(4):697-704.
[17] Han Q G,Song Y Y,Cui Y H,et al.Effects of oregano oil on the performance,serum antibody and fecal microbe of piglet.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2016,45(7):113-117.韩庆功,宋云义,崔艳红,等.牛至油对仔猪生产性能、抗体水平及粪便微生物的影响.河南农业科学,2016,45(7):113-117.
[18] Forte C,Ranucci D,Beghelli D,et al.Dietary integration with oregano(Origanum vulgare L.)essential oil improves growth rate and oxidative status in outdoor-reared,but not indoor-reared,pigs.Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(5):352-361
[19] Peng Q Y,Li J D,Li Z,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on growth performance,carcass traits and jejunal morphology in broiler chickens.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,214:148-153.
[20] Shiva C,Bernal S,Sauvain M,et al.Oregano essential oil(Origanum vulgare)and ginger dried extract(Zingiber officinale)as potential growth promoters in broilers.Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú,2012,23(2):160-170.
[21] Ciftci M.The Effect of an essential oil mix derived from oregano,clove and anise on broiler performance.International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(11):444-451.
[22] Ghazi S,Amjadian T,Norouzi S.Single and combined effects of vitamin C and oregano essential oil in diet,on growth performance,and blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress condition.International Journal of Biometeorology,2015,59(8):1019-1024.
[23] Passarinho A T P,Dias N F,Camilloto G P,et al.Sliced bread preservation through oregano essential oil-containing sachet.Journal of Food Process Engineering,2014,37(1):53-62.
[24] Manzanilla E G,Perez J F,Martin M,et al.Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of earlyweaned pigs.Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(11):3210-3218.
[25] Chen N,Li G Q,Yin J L,et al.Effects of the performance,blood index and the meat quality on Holstein Calf about botanic nutrimental element.Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2007,39(10):35-38.陈宁,李国庆,尹君亮,等.植物源营养素对荷斯坦公犊生产性能、血液指标和肉品质的影响.畜牧与兽医,2007,39(10):35-38.
[26] Sivropoulou A,Papanikolaou E,Nikolaou C,et al.Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of origanum essential oils.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1996,44(5):1202-1205.
[27] Murillo-Amador B,Nieto-Garibay A,Lopez-Aguilar R,et al.Physiological,morphometric characteristics and yield of Origanum vulgare L.and Thymus vulgaris L.exposed to open-field and shade-enclosure.Industrial Crops and Products,2013,49(4):659-667.
[28] Zhang L N,Wu P,Xuan C Z,et al.Advances in body size measurement and conformation appraisal for sheep.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(Supple1):190-197.张丽娜,武佩,宣传忠,等.羊只体尺参数测量及其形态评价研究进展.农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊1):190-197.
[29] Lin B,Ji M M,Liang Q,et al.Effect of cinnamon oil and oregano oil and their major components on rumen fer-mentation in vitro.Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2011,31(2):279-282.林波,纪苗苗,梁权,等.肉桂油和牛至油及其主要成分对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷产生的影响.中国兽医学报,2011,31(2):279-282.
[30] Chen X Q.Research progress on application of oregano oil in livestock production.Hubei Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2016,37(3):12-15.陈秀琴.牛至油在畜牧生产上的应用研究进展.湖北畜牧兽医,2016,37(3):12-15.
[31] Yan L,Zhu Z P,LüZ Z,et al.Effects of dietary different plant essential oils on growth performance,intestinal development,immune organ indexes and slaughter performance of broilers.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(4):1367-1375.燕磊,朱正鹏,吕尊周,等.饲粮中添加不同植物精油对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育、免疫器官指数及屠宰性能的影响.动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1367-1375.
[32] Gu H R,Ding J,Zhuang T,et al.Effects of different combinations of roughages on Boer Goat×Xu Huai mutton quality and blood biochemical indexes.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2013,49(15):51-54.顾洪如,丁健,庄涛,等.不同粗饲料组合对波尔×徐淮山羊肉品质和血液生化指标的影响.中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(15):51-54.
[33] Li L,Zhu Y,Wang X,et al.Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1Angus×Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2014,5(4):485-496.
[34] Asimwe L,Kimambo A E,Laswai G H,et al.Effect of days in feedlot on growth performance,carcass and meat quality attributes of Tanzania shorthorn zebu steers.Tropical Animal Health and Production,2015,47(5):867-876.
[35] Bidanel J P,Caritez J C,Gruand J,et al.Growth,carcass and meat quality performance of crossbred pigs with graded proportions of Meishan genes.Genetics Selection Evolution,1993,25(1):83.
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