紫花苜蓿与草地早熟禾轮作牧草的养分变化特征
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摘要
以甘农9号紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.9)和海波草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis cv.Haibo)为材料,设置草地早熟禾-紫花苜蓿(PA)、紫花苜蓿-草地早熟禾(AP)轮作处理,以草地早熟禾-草地早熟禾(PP)、紫花苜蓿-紫花苜蓿(AA)为对照,进行了建植第2年的观察试验,测定粗蛋白含量(CP)、中性洗涤纤维含量(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维含量(ADF),计算相对饲喂价值(RFV),研究紫花苜蓿与草地早熟禾轮作的养分变化特征。结果表明:在PA模式下1～4茬紫花苜蓿的CP含量平均值和RFV平均值分别较AA模式高12.80%、21.59%,而NDF含量平均值和ADF含量平均值分别较AA模式低9.05%、17.33%;在AP模式下1～3茬草地早熟禾的CP含量平均值和RFV平均值分别较PP模式高25.36%、15.73%,而NDF含量平均值和ADF含量平均值分别较PP模式低11.22%、7.49%。不同处理下第2茬和第3茬的紫花苜蓿CP含量和RFV值均高于第1茬和第4茬,而第3茬高于第2茬,NDF含量和ADF含量均表现为与其相反;在不同处理下草地早熟禾的CP含量和RFV排序由高到低均为,第1茬>第2茬>第3茬,而NDF含量和ADF含量均表现为与其相反。因此,在牧草生产实践中应该广泛的实施轮作方式,抓好第1茬和第4茬紫花苜蓿以及第3茬草地早熟禾的田间管理,是获得最优质牧草的关键。
The forage nutrients variation of rotational pasture of Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.9 and Poa pratensis cv.Haibo was studied in order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable rotation and high quality forage production.Four treatments were designed(P.pratensis-alfalfa,PA;alfalfa-P.pratensis,AP;P.pratensis-P.pratensis,PP;alfalfa-alfalfa,AA) and the contents of crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) were measured,and the relative feed value(RFV) was estimated in second year after planting.The results showed that the average CP content and RFV of 4 cuttings of alfalfa in PA treatment were 12.80% and 21.59% higher than those of AA treatment respectively,but the average NDF and ADF contents in PA treatment were 9.05% and 17.33% lower than those of AA treatment respectively.The average CP contents and RFV of P.pratensis of 3 cuttings in AP treatment were 25.36% and 15.73% higher than those in PP treatment respectively,but the average NDF and ADF contents in AP treatment were 11.22% and 7.49% lower than those in PP treatment respectively.The CP content and RFV of alfalfa of second and third cuttings were higher than those of first and fourth cuttings in all treatments,while the third cutting was higher than the second cutting.And the contents of NDF and ADF were opposite to CP content.The order of CP content and RFV of P.pratensis in all treatments were as follows:first cutting>second cutting>third cutting,while the order was opposite to CP content.Therefore,the crop rotation should be widely utilized in forage production,and the field management during first and fourth cuttings for alfalfa and third cutting for P.pratensis is the key to obtain the high quality forage.
The forage nutrients variation of rotational pasture of Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.9 and Poa pratensis cv.Haibo was studied in order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable rotation and high quality forage production.Four treatments were designed(P.pratensis-alfalfa,PA;alfalfa-P.pratensis,AP;P.pratensis-P.pratensis,PP;alfalfa-alfalfa,AA) and the contents of crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) were measured,and the relative feed value(RFV) was estimated in second year after planting.The results showed that the average CP content and RFV of 4 cuttings of alfalfa in PA treatment were 12.80% and 21.59% higher than those of AA treatment respectively,but the average NDF and ADF contents in PA treatment were 9.05% and 17.33% lower than those of AA treatment respectively.The average CP contents and RFV of P.pratensis of 3 cuttings in AP treatment were 25.36% and 15.73% higher than those in PP treatment respectively,but the average NDF and ADF contents in AP treatment were 11.22% and 7.49% lower than those in PP treatment respectively.The CP content and RFV of alfalfa of second and third cuttings were higher than those of first and fourth cuttings in all treatments,while the third cutting was higher than the second cutting.And the contents of NDF and ADF were opposite to CP content.The order of CP content and RFV of P.pratensis in all treatments were as follows:first cutting>second cutting>third cutting,while the order was opposite to CP content.Therefore,the crop rotation should be widely utilized in forage production,and the field management during first and fourth cuttings for alfalfa and third cutting for P.pratensis is the key to obtain the high quality forage.
引文
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[12] 李黎,朱伟然,李和平,等.不同物候期和不同茬次对苜蓿常规营养成分的影响[C].中国草学会,2007,6.
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[14] 苗福泓,王惠,孙娟,等.鲁东南地区不同年龄紫花苜蓿营养品质的变化[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(5):46-53.
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[17] 晋艳,杨宇虹,段玉琪,等.烤烟轮作、连作对烟叶产量质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(S1):267-271.
[18] 丁静.不同年限苜蓿草田轮作的作物生长及土壤环境研究[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[19] 屈言江,师尚礼.陇牧草地早熟禾新品系的营养价值评价[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(1):51-60.
[20] 郭郁频,米福贵,闫利军,等.不同早熟禾品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应及抗旱性评价[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):220-228.
[21] 赵玲,马向丽,邓祥升,等.干旱胁迫对草地早熟禾抗旱生理的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2009(6):37-41.
[22] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[23] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检查技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:69-72..
[24] 李东哲.大豆轮作和连作土壤酶活力的变化[C].北京:中国作物学会,2011.
[25] 艾尼娃尔·艾合买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.绿洲区不同苜蓿品种生长特征分析[J].草业科学,2012,29(4):605-609.
[26] 宋书红,陈志飞,张晓娜,等.刈割茬次对紫花苜蓿、红豆草产量和营养价值的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(7):143-146.
[27] 胡守林,顾明德,王汉全,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):217-219.
[2] 王仪明,雷艳芳,魏臻武,等.不同轮作模式对青贮玉米产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1803-1810.
[3] 张国盛,黄高宝,张仁陟,等.种植苜蓿对黄绵土表土理化性质的影响[J].草业学报,2003,12(5):88-93.
[4] 邢福,周景英,金永君,等.我国草田轮作的历史、理论与实践概览[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):245-255.
[5] Han W X,Fang J Y,Guo D L,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China[J].New Phytologist,2005,168:377-385.
[6] 刘洪庆,付丹丹,武海杰,等.不同轮作模式对后茬作物小麦产量及生理指标的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(8):59-66.
[7] 武海杰,杨国锋,孙娟,等.苜蓿不同种植模式下土壤结构及养分的响应[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):189-196.
[8] 宋丽萍,罗珠珠,李玲玲,等.陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤物理性质的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(7):12-20.
[9] 赵秀芬,刘学军,张福锁.燕麦/小麦轮作和混作对小麦锰营养的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(12):155-158.
[10] 柴继宽.轮作和连作对燕麦产量、品质、主要病虫害及土壤肥力的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.
[11] 危锋,郝明德.黄土高原长期种植苜蓿对土壤硫、钙、镁的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(3):288-293.
[12] 李黎,朱伟然,李和平,等.不同物候期和不同茬次对苜蓿常规营养成分的影响[C].中国草学会,2007,6.
[13] 王庆锁,张玉发,苏加楷,等.苜蓿-作物轮作研究[J].生态农业研究,1999,7(3):37-40.
[14] 苗福泓,王惠,孙娟,等.鲁东南地区不同年龄紫花苜蓿营养品质的变化[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(5):46-53.
[15] Lithourgidis A S,Vasilakogloub I B,Dhima K V.Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures without and triticale in two seeding ratios[J].Field Crops Rersearch,2006,99:106-113.
[16] 樊虎玲,郝明德,李志西.黄土高原旱地小麦-苜蓿轮作对小麦品质和子粒氨基酸含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):262-266.
[17] 晋艳,杨宇虹,段玉琪,等.烤烟轮作、连作对烟叶产量质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(S1):267-271.
[18] 丁静.不同年限苜蓿草田轮作的作物生长及土壤环境研究[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[19] 屈言江,师尚礼.陇牧草地早熟禾新品系的营养价值评价[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(1):51-60.
[20] 郭郁频,米福贵,闫利军,等.不同早熟禾品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应及抗旱性评价[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):220-228.
[21] 赵玲,马向丽,邓祥升,等.干旱胁迫对草地早熟禾抗旱生理的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2009(6):37-41.
[22] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[23] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检查技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:69-72..
[24] 李东哲.大豆轮作和连作土壤酶活力的变化[C].北京:中国作物学会,2011.
[25] 艾尼娃尔·艾合买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.绿洲区不同苜蓿品种生长特征分析[J].草业科学,2012,29(4):605-609.
[26] 宋书红,陈志飞,张晓娜,等.刈割茬次对紫花苜蓿、红豆草产量和营养价值的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(7):143-146.
[27] 胡守林,顾明德,王汉全,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):217-219.