海拔和播期对水稻Y58S生物学性状及产量的影响
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摘要
在自然条件下,采用完全随机试验研究了不同海拔和播期对水稻光温敏核不育系Y58S生物学性状及产量构成因子的影响。结果表明,海拔对水稻光温敏核不育系Y58S的播始历期、实粒数、结实率和理论产量影响极显著(P<0.01),对穗长影响显著(P<0.05),而对株高、单株有效穗和总粒数影响不显著。播期对水稻光温敏核不育系Y58S的播始历期、穗长、实粒数、结实率和理论产量影响极显著(P<0.01),对单株有效穗和总粒数影响显著(P<0.05),而对株高影响不显著。海拔和播期两因子互作对光温敏核不育系Y58S的实粒数、结实率和理论产量影响极显著(P<0.01),对播始历期、株高和穗长影响显著(P<0.05),而对单株有效穗和总粒数影响不显著。不同海拔条件下Y58S的最适播期也存在差异,当海拔为1429和1532 m时,4月14日和24日播种,Y58S的理论产量高于4月4日和5月4日,而在海拔1631和1663 m时,Y58S的理论产量随播种时期的延迟而降低,4月4日则最适合播种。结果显示海拔、播期和二者的互作对水稻Y58S的生物学性状和理论产量有显著影响,在低海拔地区适当地延期播种和高海拔地区提前播种有利于其增产。
Based on the natural conditions,completely random experiment was conducted to study the effect of different altitudes and sowing date on biological characters and yield of Y58 S,which was Photoperiod-Temperature sensitive genic male sterile line( PTGMS). The results showed that the altitudes affected days from sowing to heading,solid spikelets,seed setting rate and theoretical yield significantly( P < 0.01),and significantly affected on panicle length( P < 0. 05),but did not significantly affect the plant height,effective panicle and total spikelets number of PTGMS Y58 S. The sowing dates had strong effects on days from sowing to heading,panicle length,solid spikelets,seed setting rate and theoretical yield( P < 0. 01),and had significant effects on effective panicle and total spikelets( P < 0. 05),but had no significant effects on the plant height of PTGMS Y58 S too. Besides,the interaction of altitudes and sowing dates had effects on solid spikelets,seed setting rate and theoretical yield very significantly( P < 0. 01),the days from sowing to heading,plant height and panicle length were significantly affected( P < 0. 05),while the effective panicle and total spikelets were not significantly affected. The optimal sowing date of Y58 S was different under different altitude conditions. At the elevations of 1429 m and 1532 m,sowing on April 14 th and 24 th,the theoretical yields of Y58 S were higher than that sowing on April 4th and May 4th,while at the altitudes of 1631 m and 1663 m,the yield decreased with delayed sowing date,and April 4th was its most suitable sowing date. The results indicated that the altitudes,sowing dates and its interactions had significant effects on the biological characters and the theoretical yields of Y58 S. For the low altitudes to delay sowing,and high altitudes to advance properly would benefit on its yield.
Based on the natural conditions,completely random experiment was conducted to study the effect of different altitudes and sowing date on biological characters and yield of Y58 S,which was Photoperiod-Temperature sensitive genic male sterile line( PTGMS). The results showed that the altitudes affected days from sowing to heading,solid spikelets,seed setting rate and theoretical yield significantly( P < 0.01),and significantly affected on panicle length( P < 0. 05),but did not significantly affect the plant height,effective panicle and total spikelets number of PTGMS Y58 S. The sowing dates had strong effects on days from sowing to heading,panicle length,solid spikelets,seed setting rate and theoretical yield( P < 0. 01),and had significant effects on effective panicle and total spikelets( P < 0. 05),but had no significant effects on the plant height of PTGMS Y58 S too. Besides,the interaction of altitudes and sowing dates had effects on solid spikelets,seed setting rate and theoretical yield very significantly( P < 0. 01),the days from sowing to heading,plant height and panicle length were significantly affected( P < 0. 05),while the effective panicle and total spikelets were not significantly affected. The optimal sowing date of Y58 S was different under different altitude conditions. At the elevations of 1429 m and 1532 m,sowing on April 14 th and 24 th,the theoretical yields of Y58 S were higher than that sowing on April 4th and May 4th,while at the altitudes of 1631 m and 1663 m,the yield decreased with delayed sowing date,and April 4th was its most suitable sowing date. The results indicated that the altitudes,sowing dates and its interactions had significant effects on the biological characters and the theoretical yields of Y58 S. For the low altitudes to delay sowing,and high altitudes to advance properly would benefit on its yield.
引文
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[2]肖国樱,邓晓湘,唐俐,等.不同水温处理对水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S繁殖效果的影响[J].杂交水稻,2001,16(3):28-29.
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[11]张云,谭学林,文建成,等.海拔及细胞质背景对水稻测交群体遗传分化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(3):417-421.
[12]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[13]武小金.两系法杂交水稻安全高效种子生产技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[14]Deng Q Y,Yuan L P.Fertility stability of P(T)GMS lines in rice and its identification techniques[J].Chinese J.Rice Science,1998,12(4):200-206.
[15]朱英国.水稻雄性不育生物学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000.
[16]Matsui T,Omasa K,Horie T.Comparison between anthers of two rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivars with tolerance to high temperatures at flowering or susceptibility[J].Plant Prod Sci,200l(4):36-40.
[17]李成德.高温导致水稻出现大量空壳分析[J].陕西农业科学,2003(5):45-47.
[18]姜秀英,韩勇,王之旭,等.辽宁省近几年水稻品质性状分析[J].安徽农业科学2012,40(31):15165-15166,15193.
[19]秦阳,王伯伦,王术,等.播期对水稻品种产量及构成因素的影响[J].垦殖与稻作,2003(3):17-19.
[20]李建国,韩勇,解文孝,等.播期及环境因子对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(8):3160-3162.
[21]陈仁天,唐茂艳,王强,等.水稻花期高温胁迫影响颖花育性生理机理研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2012(6):753-758.
[22]谭亚玲,洪汝科,陈金凤,等.海拔高度对不同水稻品种生长的影响研究[J].种子,2009,28(7):27-30.
[23]张云.水稻分子位点遗传分离对海拔和细胞质效应的响应[D].云南农业大学,2010.
[2]肖国樱,邓晓湘,唐俐,等.不同水温处理对水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S繁殖效果的影响[J].杂交水稻,2001,16(3):28-29.
[3]陈雄辉,万邦惠,梁克勤,等.光温敏核不育水稻越冬繁殖的研究[J].杂交水稻,1996(2):10-12.
[4]刘海,肖应辉,唐文邦,等.水稻两用核不育系繁殖基地计算机选择系统研制与应用[J].作物学报,2011,23(5):755-763.
[5]周承恕,刘建宾,吴坤永,等.低温敏核不育系冷水灌溉繁殖技术研究[J].杂交水稻,1993(2):15-16.
[6]王丰,彭惠普,李曙光,等.冷灌繁殖水稻低温敏核不育系技术研究[J].中国水稻科学,1997,11(1):1-5.
[7]符辰建,杨翠国,郑卫华.低温敏核不育系株1S冷灌繁殖技术[J].杂交水稻,2004,19(1):22-24.
[8]陈南祥,李小华,王爱,等.水稻温敏核不育系Y58S冷灌繁殖高产优质技术[J].杂交水稻,2010,25(4):23-25.
[9]Xu X,Wang H.A report on the vertical distribution of the rice varieties in Simao,Yunnan[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1974,16(3):208-222.
[10]徐福荣,戴陆园,叶昌荣,等.云南稻种资源表现型分布地和分布民族分析[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,27(1):14-19.
[11]张云,谭学林,文建成,等.海拔及细胞质背景对水稻测交群体遗传分化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(3):417-421.
[12]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[13]武小金.两系法杂交水稻安全高效种子生产技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[14]Deng Q Y,Yuan L P.Fertility stability of P(T)GMS lines in rice and its identification techniques[J].Chinese J.Rice Science,1998,12(4):200-206.
[15]朱英国.水稻雄性不育生物学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000.
[16]Matsui T,Omasa K,Horie T.Comparison between anthers of two rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivars with tolerance to high temperatures at flowering or susceptibility[J].Plant Prod Sci,200l(4):36-40.
[17]李成德.高温导致水稻出现大量空壳分析[J].陕西农业科学,2003(5):45-47.
[18]姜秀英,韩勇,王之旭,等.辽宁省近几年水稻品质性状分析[J].安徽农业科学2012,40(31):15165-15166,15193.
[19]秦阳,王伯伦,王术,等.播期对水稻品种产量及构成因素的影响[J].垦殖与稻作,2003(3):17-19.
[20]李建国,韩勇,解文孝,等.播期及环境因子对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(8):3160-3162.
[21]陈仁天,唐茂艳,王强,等.水稻花期高温胁迫影响颖花育性生理机理研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2012(6):753-758.
[22]谭亚玲,洪汝科,陈金凤,等.海拔高度对不同水稻品种生长的影响研究[J].种子,2009,28(7):27-30.
[23]张云.水稻分子位点遗传分离对海拔和细胞质效应的响应[D].云南农业大学,2010.