托盘育苗及播种量对机插水稻秧苗素质的影响
|
摘要
【目的】探明托盘育苗对机插水稻秧苗素质的影响,并确定其适宜播种量,为托盘育苗的推广应用提供技术参考和理论依据。【方法】以粳稻品种南粳9108为供试材料,比较90 g/盘(0.055 g/cm2)播种量时托盘育苗与常规育苗两种方法所育秧苗的素质差异;另设90 g/盘(0.055 g/cm2)、120 g/盘(0.074 g/cm2)和150 g/盘(0.092 g/cm2)3个播种量水平,考察不同播种量对托盘育苗所育秧苗素质的影响。【结果】在90 g/盘的播种量下,托盘苗在出苗率、叶龄、茎基宽、秧苗地上部和根系干质量、株型紧凑情况等性状与常规方法秧苗无显著差异(P>0.05),但20 d秧龄后托盘苗的株高增加显著(P<0.05,下同),根冠比下降,株高叶龄比K值增加,秧苗素质降低。托盘苗的成苗率、苗基宽、SPAD值、地上部和根系干质量、根冠比及K值等性状均随播种量的降低显著增强,小播种量处理秧苗的株高降低,株型更紧凑,根系粗白健壮,素质明显提高。【结论】托盘育苗较常规育苗所育秧苗素质有所下降,但秧苗形态基本一致,株型紧凑,茎秆粗壮,根系发达成毯性好,可培育壮秧满足机插要求。在常规粳稻托盘育苗时以采用90 g/盘播种量(0.055 g/cm2)较适宜。
【Objective】The effects of tray seedling method on quality of mechanical transplanting rice seedlings were explored and the suitable sowing rate was determined,in order to provide technical reference and theoretical basis for the production and application of this method.【Method】Japonica rice variety,Nanjing 9018,was used as tested material in the study to investigate the difference of rice seedling quality treated by tray seedling method and conventional seedling method at the sowing rate of 90 g/tray(0.055 g/cm2). Moreover,the sowing rate levels of 90 g/tray(0.055 g/cm2),120 g/tray(0.074 g/cm2),150 g/tray(0.092 g/cm2)were designed to investigate the effects of different sowing rates on seedling quality treated by tray seedling method.【Result】There were no significant differences(P>0.05)on characters including seedling emergence rate,leaf age,stem base width,dry matter weights of aerial part and root in seedling,plant type between tray seedlings and seedlings treated by conventional method at the sowing rate of 90 g/tray. However,after20 d seedling age,the plant height of tray seedlings increased significantly(P<0.05,the same below),the root-shoot ratio dropped,the ratio of plant height to leaf age K value increased,and the seedling quality decreased. With the decrease of sowing rate,some characters of tray seedlings including the seedling rate,seedling base width,SPAD value,dry matter weights of aerial part and root,root-shoot ratio and K value were significantly enhanced. The low sowing rate treatment could reduce the seedling height,make the plant type more compact,and make the root system wide,white and strong,finally improve the seedling quality obvious.【Conclusion】The quality of rice seedlings raised by tray seedling method decreases compared with those treated by conventional method. But the seedling morphology is basically unanimous with compact plant type,strong stem,developed root system and good root twining power. Therefore,tray seedling method can cultivate strong seedlings to meet the requirements of mechanical transplanting. This method is suitable for conventional mechanical transplanting of Japonica rice seedlings at the sowing rate of 90 g/tray(0.055 g/cm2).
【Objective】The effects of tray seedling method on quality of mechanical transplanting rice seedlings were explored and the suitable sowing rate was determined,in order to provide technical reference and theoretical basis for the production and application of this method.【Method】Japonica rice variety,Nanjing 9018,was used as tested material in the study to investigate the difference of rice seedling quality treated by tray seedling method and conventional seedling method at the sowing rate of 90 g/tray(0.055 g/cm2). Moreover,the sowing rate levels of 90 g/tray(0.055 g/cm2),120 g/tray(0.074 g/cm2),150 g/tray(0.092 g/cm2)were designed to investigate the effects of different sowing rates on seedling quality treated by tray seedling method.【Result】There were no significant differences(P>0.05)on characters including seedling emergence rate,leaf age,stem base width,dry matter weights of aerial part and root in seedling,plant type between tray seedlings and seedlings treated by conventional method at the sowing rate of 90 g/tray. However,after20 d seedling age,the plant height of tray seedlings increased significantly(P<0.05,the same below),the root-shoot ratio dropped,the ratio of plant height to leaf age K value increased,and the seedling quality decreased. With the decrease of sowing rate,some characters of tray seedlings including the seedling rate,seedling base width,SPAD value,dry matter weights of aerial part and root,root-shoot ratio and K value were significantly enhanced. The low sowing rate treatment could reduce the seedling height,make the plant type more compact,and make the root system wide,white and strong,finally improve the seedling quality obvious.【Conclusion】The quality of rice seedlings raised by tray seedling method decreases compared with those treated by conventional method. But the seedling morphology is basically unanimous with compact plant type,strong stem,developed root system and good root twining power. Therefore,tray seedling method can cultivate strong seedlings to meet the requirements of mechanical transplanting. This method is suitable for conventional mechanical transplanting of Japonica rice seedlings at the sowing rate of 90 g/tray(0.055 g/cm2).
引文
白人朴.2011.关于水稻生产机械化技术路线选择的几个问题[J].中国农机化学报,(1):15-18.[Bai R P.2011.Several issues on the route choice of mechanization of rice production technology[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,(1):15-18.]
陈龙,史学正,徐胜祥,于东升,王轶虹,宋正姗,王美艳.2014.基于水稻叶面积指数的根生物量预测模型研究[J].土壤,46(5):862-868.[Chen L,Shi X Z,Xu S X,Yu D S,Wang Y H,Song Z S,Wang M Y.2014.Rice root biomass forecasting model based on leaf area index[J].Soils,46(5):862-868.]
陈乾锦,徐茜,刘家旺,陈志厚,李小龙.2015.一种烟草种植育苗装置:CN204069918U[P].2015-01-07.[Chen Q J,Xu Q,Liu J W,Chen Z H,Li X L.2015.A device for tobacco seedlings:CN204069918U[P].2015-01-07.]
杜京城.2018.能够在室内种植蔬菜的种植盆:CN207589604U[P].2018-07-10.[Du J C.2018.A planting pot for planting house vegetables:CN207589604U[P].2018-07-10.]
胡剑锋,杨波,周伟,张培培,张强,李培程,任万军,杨文钰.2017.播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究[J].中国水稻科学,31(1):81-90.[Hu J F,Yang B,Zhou W,Zhang P P,Zhang Q,Li P C,Ren W J,Yang W Y.2017.Effect of seeding method and density on the benefit of mechanical transplanting in indica hybrid rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,31(1):81-90.]
姜继萍,杨京平,杨正超,邹俊良,戈长水.2012.不同氮素水平下水稻叶片及相邻叶位SPAD值变化特征[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),38(2):166-174.[Jiang JP,Yang J P,Yang Z C,Zou J L,Ge C S.2012.Dynamic characteristics of SPAD value of rice leaf and adjacent leaf under different N application rates[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Science),38(2):166-174.]
李爱华,刘山,石方斌,方学斌,吴立环,徐川强.2012.烟草不同育苗方式育苗效应的比较研究[J].湖北农业科学,51(6):1161-1164.[Li A H,Liu S,Shi F B,Fang X B,Wu L H,Xu C Q.2012.Comparative study on different seedling culture modes of Nicotiana tabacum[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,51(6):1161-1164.]
李玉祥,何知舟,丁艳锋,王绍华,刘正辉,唐设,丁承强,陈琳,李刚华.2018.播种量对机插水卷苗秧苗素质及产量形成的影响[J].中国水稻科学,32(3):247-256.[Li YX,He Z Z,Ding Y F,Wang S H,Liu Z H,Tang S,Ding C Q,Chen L,Li G H.2018.Effects of sowing densities on quality and yield formation of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings under mechanical transplanting[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,32(3):247-256.]
凌启鸿,张洪程,丁艳锋.2007.水稻精确定量栽培理论与技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Ling Q H,Zhang H C,Ding Y F.2007.Theory and Technology of Precise and Quantitative Cultivation in Rice[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
刘小燕.2018.一种多层托盘蔬菜种植架:CN107567865A[P].2018-01-12.[Liu X Y.2018.A planting frame with multi-layer for vegetables:CN107567865A[P].2018-01-12.]
马旭,林超辉,齐龙,江立凯,谭永炘,梁仲维,鹿芳媛.2015.不同光质与光照度对水稻温室立体育秧秧苗素质的影响[J].农业工程学报,31(11):228-235.[Ma X,Lin CH,Qi L,Jiang L K,Tan Y X,Liang Z W,Lu F Y.2015.Effect of different lighting quality and intensities on quality of rice seedling by greenhouse stereoscopic nursing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,31(11):228-235.]
邵文奇,纪力,庄春,孙春梅,钟平,陈川,何善成,丁国霞.2017.一种衡量水稻机插秧苗素质的方法:CN106897939A[P].2017-06-27.[Shao W Q,Ji L,Zhuang C,Sun C M,Zhong P,Chen C,He S C,Ding G X.2017.A method for judging rice seedling quality under mechanical transplanting:CN106897939A[P].2017-06-27.]
邵文奇,庄春,纪力,钟平,孙春梅,陈川,章安康.2018.一种托盘式水稻机插秧育苗装置及育苗方式:CN108283091A[P].2018-03-14.[Shao W Q,Zhuang C,Ji L,Zhong P,Sun C M,Chen C,Zhang A K.2018.A device and its method for rice seedlings under mechanical transplanting:CN108283091A[P].2018-03-14.]
史鸿志,朱德峰,张玉屏,向镜,张义凯,朱从桦,武辉,陈惠哲.2017.生物降解秧盘及播种量对机插水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,33(24):27-34.[Shi H Z,Zhu D F,Zhang Y P,Xiang J,Zhang Y K,Zhu CH,Wu H,Chen H Z.2017.Effects of biodegradable seedling tray and sowing rate on seedling quality and yield of mechanical transplanting rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,33(24):27-34.]
杨惠杰,房贤涛,谢祖钦,何花榕,张居念,卓传营,蔡光璟,占志雄.2016.不同施氮量对杂交水稻干物质生产的影响[J].福建农业学报,31(4):333-337.[Yang H J,Fang XT,Xie Z Q,He H R,Zhang J N,Zhuo C Y,Cai G J,Zhan Z X.2016.Effect of different nitrogen levels on dry matter production of hybrid rice[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,31(4):333-337.]
姚雄,杨文钰,任万军.2009.育秧方式与播种量对水稻机插长龄秧苗的影响[J].农业工程学报,25(6):152-157.[Yao X,Yang W Y,Ren W J.2009.Effects of seedling graising methods and sowing rates on machine-transplanted long-age rice seedlings[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,25(6):152-157.]
张洪程,龚金龙.2014.中国水稻种植机械化高产农艺研究现状及发展探讨[J].中国农业科学,47(7):1273-1289.[Zhang H C,Gong J L.2014.Research status and development discussion on high-yielding agronomy of mechanized planting rice in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(7):1273-1289.]
张林青,蔡小铭.2007.光强对水稻秧苗素质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,(3):31-33.[Zhang L Q,Cai X M.2007.E-ffects of intensity of light on quality of rice seedlings[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(3):31-33.]
周海波,马旭,姚亚利.2008.水稻秧盘育秧播种技术与装备的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,24(4):301-306.[Zhou H B,Ma X,Yao Y L.2008.Research advances and prospects in the seeding technology and equipment for tray nursing seedlings of rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,24(4):301-306.]
Fageria N K,Baligar V C,Clark R B.2005.Physiology of Crop Production:Plant Canopy Architecture[M].New York:Food Products Press:8-12.
Peng S B,Tang Q Y,Zou Y B.2009.Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J].Plant Production Science,12(1):3-8.
Sarangi S K,Maji B,Singh S,Burman D,Mandal S,Sharma D K,Singh U S,Ismail A M,Haefele S M.2015.Improved nursery management further enhances the productivity of stress-tolerant rice varieties in coastal rainfed lowlands[J].Field Crops Research,174:61-70.
陈龙,史学正,徐胜祥,于东升,王轶虹,宋正姗,王美艳.2014.基于水稻叶面积指数的根生物量预测模型研究[J].土壤,46(5):862-868.[Chen L,Shi X Z,Xu S X,Yu D S,Wang Y H,Song Z S,Wang M Y.2014.Rice root biomass forecasting model based on leaf area index[J].Soils,46(5):862-868.]
陈乾锦,徐茜,刘家旺,陈志厚,李小龙.2015.一种烟草种植育苗装置:CN204069918U[P].2015-01-07.[Chen Q J,Xu Q,Liu J W,Chen Z H,Li X L.2015.A device for tobacco seedlings:CN204069918U[P].2015-01-07.]
杜京城.2018.能够在室内种植蔬菜的种植盆:CN207589604U[P].2018-07-10.[Du J C.2018.A planting pot for planting house vegetables:CN207589604U[P].2018-07-10.]
胡剑锋,杨波,周伟,张培培,张强,李培程,任万军,杨文钰.2017.播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究[J].中国水稻科学,31(1):81-90.[Hu J F,Yang B,Zhou W,Zhang P P,Zhang Q,Li P C,Ren W J,Yang W Y.2017.Effect of seeding method and density on the benefit of mechanical transplanting in indica hybrid rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,31(1):81-90.]
姜继萍,杨京平,杨正超,邹俊良,戈长水.2012.不同氮素水平下水稻叶片及相邻叶位SPAD值变化特征[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),38(2):166-174.[Jiang JP,Yang J P,Yang Z C,Zou J L,Ge C S.2012.Dynamic characteristics of SPAD value of rice leaf and adjacent leaf under different N application rates[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Science),38(2):166-174.]
李爱华,刘山,石方斌,方学斌,吴立环,徐川强.2012.烟草不同育苗方式育苗效应的比较研究[J].湖北农业科学,51(6):1161-1164.[Li A H,Liu S,Shi F B,Fang X B,Wu L H,Xu C Q.2012.Comparative study on different seedling culture modes of Nicotiana tabacum[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,51(6):1161-1164.]
李玉祥,何知舟,丁艳锋,王绍华,刘正辉,唐设,丁承强,陈琳,李刚华.2018.播种量对机插水卷苗秧苗素质及产量形成的影响[J].中国水稻科学,32(3):247-256.[Li YX,He Z Z,Ding Y F,Wang S H,Liu Z H,Tang S,Ding C Q,Chen L,Li G H.2018.Effects of sowing densities on quality and yield formation of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings under mechanical transplanting[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,32(3):247-256.]
凌启鸿,张洪程,丁艳锋.2007.水稻精确定量栽培理论与技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Ling Q H,Zhang H C,Ding Y F.2007.Theory and Technology of Precise and Quantitative Cultivation in Rice[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
刘小燕.2018.一种多层托盘蔬菜种植架:CN107567865A[P].2018-01-12.[Liu X Y.2018.A planting frame with multi-layer for vegetables:CN107567865A[P].2018-01-12.]
马旭,林超辉,齐龙,江立凯,谭永炘,梁仲维,鹿芳媛.2015.不同光质与光照度对水稻温室立体育秧秧苗素质的影响[J].农业工程学报,31(11):228-235.[Ma X,Lin CH,Qi L,Jiang L K,Tan Y X,Liang Z W,Lu F Y.2015.Effect of different lighting quality and intensities on quality of rice seedling by greenhouse stereoscopic nursing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,31(11):228-235.]
邵文奇,纪力,庄春,孙春梅,钟平,陈川,何善成,丁国霞.2017.一种衡量水稻机插秧苗素质的方法:CN106897939A[P].2017-06-27.[Shao W Q,Ji L,Zhuang C,Sun C M,Zhong P,Chen C,He S C,Ding G X.2017.A method for judging rice seedling quality under mechanical transplanting:CN106897939A[P].2017-06-27.]
邵文奇,庄春,纪力,钟平,孙春梅,陈川,章安康.2018.一种托盘式水稻机插秧育苗装置及育苗方式:CN108283091A[P].2018-03-14.[Shao W Q,Zhuang C,Ji L,Zhong P,Sun C M,Chen C,Zhang A K.2018.A device and its method for rice seedlings under mechanical transplanting:CN108283091A[P].2018-03-14.]
史鸿志,朱德峰,张玉屏,向镜,张义凯,朱从桦,武辉,陈惠哲.2017.生物降解秧盘及播种量对机插水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,33(24):27-34.[Shi H Z,Zhu D F,Zhang Y P,Xiang J,Zhang Y K,Zhu CH,Wu H,Chen H Z.2017.Effects of biodegradable seedling tray and sowing rate on seedling quality and yield of mechanical transplanting rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,33(24):27-34.]
杨惠杰,房贤涛,谢祖钦,何花榕,张居念,卓传营,蔡光璟,占志雄.2016.不同施氮量对杂交水稻干物质生产的影响[J].福建农业学报,31(4):333-337.[Yang H J,Fang XT,Xie Z Q,He H R,Zhang J N,Zhuo C Y,Cai G J,Zhan Z X.2016.Effect of different nitrogen levels on dry matter production of hybrid rice[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,31(4):333-337.]
姚雄,杨文钰,任万军.2009.育秧方式与播种量对水稻机插长龄秧苗的影响[J].农业工程学报,25(6):152-157.[Yao X,Yang W Y,Ren W J.2009.Effects of seedling graising methods and sowing rates on machine-transplanted long-age rice seedlings[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,25(6):152-157.]
张洪程,龚金龙.2014.中国水稻种植机械化高产农艺研究现状及发展探讨[J].中国农业科学,47(7):1273-1289.[Zhang H C,Gong J L.2014.Research status and development discussion on high-yielding agronomy of mechanized planting rice in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(7):1273-1289.]
张林青,蔡小铭.2007.光强对水稻秧苗素质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,(3):31-33.[Zhang L Q,Cai X M.2007.E-ffects of intensity of light on quality of rice seedlings[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(3):31-33.]
周海波,马旭,姚亚利.2008.水稻秧盘育秧播种技术与装备的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,24(4):301-306.[Zhou H B,Ma X,Yao Y L.2008.Research advances and prospects in the seeding technology and equipment for tray nursing seedlings of rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,24(4):301-306.]
Fageria N K,Baligar V C,Clark R B.2005.Physiology of Crop Production:Plant Canopy Architecture[M].New York:Food Products Press:8-12.
Peng S B,Tang Q Y,Zou Y B.2009.Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J].Plant Production Science,12(1):3-8.
Sarangi S K,Maji B,Singh S,Burman D,Mandal S,Sharma D K,Singh U S,Ismail A M,Haefele S M.2015.Improved nursery management further enhances the productivity of stress-tolerant rice varieties in coastal rainfed lowlands[J].Field Crops Research,174:61-70.