百叶窗用椴木解剖构造及主要物理力学性能
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摘要
为了给椴木百叶窗加工提供理论依据,以椴木为研究对象,对其解剖特征、密度、干缩率及关键力学性能等材性指标进行测试和分析,并与常见的百叶窗树种俄罗斯樟子松进行对比。实验结果表明,椴木纤维长度平均为1 389.74μm,纤维宽度平均为26.30μm,纤维长宽比为53.97,纤维长度、宽度、长宽比值小于俄罗斯樟子松;基本密度、气干密度和全干密度分别为0.42,0.52和0.49 g/cm~3,气干和全干密度均大于俄罗斯樟子松;弦向、径向和体积的气干干缩率分别为6.11%,4.03%和10.59%;弦向、径向和体积的全干干缩率为8.08%,6.09%和13.79%,椴木气干和全干干缩率均大于俄罗斯樟子松;椴木的抗拉强度为103.65 MPa,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度分别为10 876.88 MPa和75.01 MPa,椴木的抗拉强度和抗弯弹性模量均大于俄罗斯樟子松,抗弯强度低于俄罗斯樟子松。椴木木材具有较优良的物理力学特性,是制作百叶窗的优良材种。
Basswood( Tilia sp.) is a light,soft and very easily workable wood species that can be quickly and easily used to make lightweight wood products,not only for the larger-scale operations such as manufacturing of wood veneer,plywood,musical instruments and window shutters and blinds. This odorless and finely grained basswood has easily managed to find its place on the worldwide commercial market. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the processing of Tilia sp. shutters,in this study,the Tilia sp. was used as an example to investigate its anatomical characteristics,density,shrinkage and key mechanical properties of the wood by comparing with the common shutters wood Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. The results showed that the average fiber length and width of Tilia sp. were 1 389.74 μm and 26.30 μm,respectively,and the ratio of fiber length to width was 53.97,which were smaller than P. sylvestris L. var.mongolica Litv. The basic density,air-dried density,and oven-dried density were 0. 42,0. 52,0. 49 g/cm~3,respectively,in which, the air-dried and oven-dried densities were higher than that of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. The air-dried shrinkages of tangential,radial and volume were 6.11%,4.03% and 10.59% respectively. The ovendried shrinkages of tangential,radial and volume were 8.08%,6.09%,and 13.79%,respectively. Both the air-dried shrinkage and oven-dried shrinkage were higher than that of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. The tensile strength of Tilia sp. was 103.65 MPa; the modulus of elasticity and the bending strength were 10 876.88 MPa and 75.01 MPa,respectively.The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of Tilia sp. were greater than that of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv,and the bending strength was lower than that of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. It was concluded that Tilia p. had excellent physical and mechanical properties and was a good material for making shutters.
Basswood( Tilia sp.) is a light,soft and very easily workable wood species that can be quickly and easily used to make lightweight wood products,not only for the larger-scale operations such as manufacturing of wood veneer,plywood,musical instruments and window shutters and blinds. This odorless and finely grained basswood has easily managed to find its place on the worldwide commercial market. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the processing of Tilia sp. shutters,in this study,the Tilia sp. was used as an example to investigate its anatomical characteristics,density,shrinkage and key mechanical properties of the wood by comparing with the common shutters wood Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. The results showed that the average fiber length and width of Tilia sp. were 1 389.74 μm and 26.30 μm,respectively,and the ratio of fiber length to width was 53.97,which were smaller than P. sylvestris L. var.mongolica Litv. The basic density,air-dried density,and oven-dried density were 0. 42,0. 52,0. 49 g/cm~3,respectively,in which, the air-dried and oven-dried densities were higher than that of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. The air-dried shrinkages of tangential,radial and volume were 6.11%,4.03% and 10.59% respectively. The ovendried shrinkages of tangential,radial and volume were 8.08%,6.09%,and 13.79%,respectively. Both the air-dried shrinkage and oven-dried shrinkage were higher than that of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. The tensile strength of Tilia sp. was 103.65 MPa; the modulus of elasticity and the bending strength were 10 876.88 MPa and 75.01 MPa,respectively.The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of Tilia sp. were greater than that of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv,and the bending strength was lower than that of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. It was concluded that Tilia p. had excellent physical and mechanical properties and was a good material for making shutters.
引文
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[13]陈柳晔.秦白杨1、2、3号木材材性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.CHEN L Y.Study on properties of Qinbaiyang series varieties wood[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F university,2016.
[14]张先林.木材断口的分形表征与力学性能关系的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.ZHANG X L.Study on the relationship between the fractal fracture characterization of wood and main mechanical properties[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009.
[15]刘一星,赵广杰.木材学[M].2版.北京:中国林业出版社,2012.LIU Y X,ZHAO G J.Wood science[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2012.
[2]成俊卿.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1985.CHENG J Q.Wood science[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1985.
[3]杨建飞,宁莉萍,杨了,等.黑壳楠生长量及木材解剖特征的径向变异[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):181-187.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201704013.YANG J F,NING L P,YANG L,et al.Variation in radial increment of Lindera megaphylla and its wood anatomical characteristics[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2018,42(1):181-187.
[4]方文彬.赞比亚五种造纸材纤维形态数值的研究[J].中南林学院学报,1985,5(2):195-201.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.1985.02.009.FANG W B.Study on fiber morphology of five papermaking materials in Zambia[J].Journal of Central South Forestry College,1985,5(2):195-201.
[5]苌姗姗.尾巨桉木材解剖特性和物理力学性质及其变异的研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2006.CHANG S S.The wood anatomical and physico-mechanical properties of Eucalyptus urophylla×Eucalyptus grandis[D].Changsha:Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2006.
[6]朱圣光.三种速生松木:樟子松、火炬松和湿地松用于制浆造纸的评价[J].中国造纸,1988,7(5):14-23.ZHU S G.Evaluation of sylvestris,loblolly and slash pine for pulp&paper manufacture[J].China Pulp&Paper,1988,7(5):14-23.
[7]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所.中国主要树种的木材物理力学性质[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1982.Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry.Wood physical and mechanical properties of major tree species in China[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1982.
[8]李月.俄罗斯樟子松物理力学性能的测定与分析[J].科技创新与应用,2015(19):281.LI Y.Measurement and analysis of physical and mechanical properties of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica[J].Technology Innovation Application,2015(19):281.
[9]张云岭,杜红岩,关倩,等.杜仲木材的物理力学性能指标研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(6):89-91.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2016.06.018.ZHANG Y L,DU H Y,GUAN Q,et al.Study on performance index of physical mechanics of Eucommia ulmoides timber[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2016,36(6):89-91.
[10]吕建雄,骆秀琴,蒋佳荔,等.红锥和西南桦人工林木材力学性质的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(2):118-122.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2006.02.021.LYU J X,LUO X Q,JIANG J L,et al.Mechanical properties of Castanopsis hystrix and Betula alnoides plantation wood[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(2):118-122.
[11]许彩娟,符韵林,孙静,等.顶果木人工林木材物理力学性质[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):86-89.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2014.08.019.XU C J,FU Y L,SUN J,et al.Wood physical-mechanical properties of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight et Arn.[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(8):86-89.
[12]吴智慧,汤敏.家具与木制品用桧木的物理力学性能研究[J].家具,2017,38(5):6-11,16.DOI:10.16610/j.cnki.jiaju.2017.05.002.WU Z H,TANG M.Study on physical and mechanical properties of cypress used for furniture and wood products[J].Furniture,2017,38(5):6-11,16.
[13]陈柳晔.秦白杨1、2、3号木材材性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.CHEN L Y.Study on properties of Qinbaiyang series varieties wood[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F university,2016.
[14]张先林.木材断口的分形表征与力学性能关系的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.ZHANG X L.Study on the relationship between the fractal fracture characterization of wood and main mechanical properties[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009.
[15]刘一星,赵广杰.木材学[M].2版.北京:中国林业出版社,2012.LIU Y X,ZHAO G J.Wood science[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2012.