饥饿对草鱼易钓性及其生态结果的影响
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摘要
自然界鱼类易钓性具有明显的种内个体差异,且易受环境因子(如食物丰度)的影响。为考察饥饿对鲤科鱼类易钓性及其生态结果的影响,本研究以草鱼(Ctenopharynodon idellus)幼鱼为实验对象,在25±0.5℃条件下对两个处理组(饥饿组与对照组)共进行两次垂钓(0与14 d);每个处理组均设3个重复,每个重复包括40尾鱼,每个重复垂钓20尾鱼后则停止该组垂钓活动,获取垂钓总时间、被钓鱼次序号、单尾被钓平均时间的变异系数,及两种易钓性表型个体的生长率。结果表明:饥饿组草鱼0 d的形态参数(体质量、体长和肥满度)都显著高于该组14 d,对照组的形态参数在实验期间无明显变化;对照组14 d的形态参数显著高于饥饿组14 d;对照组和饥饿组14 d高易钓性个体的体质量和体长显著大于低易钓性个体;对照组14 d的垂钓总时间显著长于饥饿组14 d,但两处理组单尾被钓时间的变异系数无差异;饥饿组的特定生长率(SGR)呈负增长,其低易钓性个体的SGR显著高于高易钓性个体,但对照组两种易钓性表型个体的SGR无差异;饥饿导致草鱼易钓性明显增强,在食物严重匮乏环境中不同易钓性表型草鱼个体的生长结果(如生长率)存在差异,该种鱼易钓性具有一定的形态学基础。
Individual difference in vulnerability to angling is a common phenomenon within natural fish population,which is affected by various environmental factors( e. g.,food availability).To examine the effect of starvation on the vulnerability to angling of Cyprinidae fish and its ecological consequences,we used juvenile grass carp as the experimental model. Fish from two food treatments( starvation and control) were angled at day 0 and day 14 at 25 ±0.5 ℃. There were three replicates for each treatment with 40 individuals in each replicate. After angling 20 individuals in each replicate,the angling activity was ceased. During the angling process,the time and serial number of each individual which was successfully angled were recorded. The total angling time for each replicate and coefficient of variation( CV) of the time spending in angling for each individual was calculated. Our results showed the morphological characters( body mass,body length and condition factor) were higher at day 0 than at day 14 in the starvation treatment. The morphological characters of the control treatment did not change during the experiment,but the morphological characters of the control treatment were larger than those of the starvation treatment at day 14. The body mass and body length of individuals with higher vulnerability to angling were greater than those of individuals with lower vulnerability to angling at day 14 in both treatments.The total angling time of the control treatment was longer than that of the starvation treatment at day 14,whereas no difference was found in the CV of the time spending in angling in those treatments. The specific growth rate( SGR) of the starvation treatment was negative during the experiment. The SGR of individuals with lower vulnerability to angling was higher than that of individuals with higher vulnerability to angling in the starvation treatment. However,no difference in SGR was found between the two phenotypes of vulnerability to angling in the control treatment. Our results suggest that grass carp increased their vulnerability to angling in the face of starvation.Differences in ecological consequences( i. e.,growth performance) existed between two phenotypes of vulnerability to angling in grass carp under the condition of severe food shortage. This fish species has morphological basis for phenotypes of vulnerability to angling.
Individual difference in vulnerability to angling is a common phenomenon within natural fish population,which is affected by various environmental factors( e. g.,food availability).To examine the effect of starvation on the vulnerability to angling of Cyprinidae fish and its ecological consequences,we used juvenile grass carp as the experimental model. Fish from two food treatments( starvation and control) were angled at day 0 and day 14 at 25 ±0.5 ℃. There were three replicates for each treatment with 40 individuals in each replicate. After angling 20 individuals in each replicate,the angling activity was ceased. During the angling process,the time and serial number of each individual which was successfully angled were recorded. The total angling time for each replicate and coefficient of variation( CV) of the time spending in angling for each individual was calculated. Our results showed the morphological characters( body mass,body length and condition factor) were higher at day 0 than at day 14 in the starvation treatment. The morphological characters of the control treatment did not change during the experiment,but the morphological characters of the control treatment were larger than those of the starvation treatment at day 14. The body mass and body length of individuals with higher vulnerability to angling were greater than those of individuals with lower vulnerability to angling at day 14 in both treatments.The total angling time of the control treatment was longer than that of the starvation treatment at day 14,whereas no difference was found in the CV of the time spending in angling in those treatments. The specific growth rate( SGR) of the starvation treatment was negative during the experiment. The SGR of individuals with lower vulnerability to angling was higher than that of individuals with higher vulnerability to angling in the starvation treatment. However,no difference in SGR was found between the two phenotypes of vulnerability to angling in the control treatment. Our results suggest that grass carp increased their vulnerability to angling in the face of starvation.Differences in ecological consequences( i. e.,growth performance) existed between two phenotypes of vulnerability to angling in grass carp under the condition of severe food shortage. This fish species has morphological basis for phenotypes of vulnerability to angling.
引文
杜震宇,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.2003.饥饿对于鲈肌肉、肝脏和血清主要生化组成的影响.动物学报,49(4):458-465.
高露姣,陈立侨,宋兵.2004.饥饿和补偿生长对史式鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和体成分的影响.水产学报,28(3):279-284.
黄庆达,张玉蓉,王文,等.2013.不同体长草鱼幼鱼鱼体化学组成的研究.西南大学学报:自然科学版,35(2):41-45.
龙章强,彭士明,陈立侨,等.2008.饥饿与再投喂对黑鲷幼鱼体质量变化、生化组成及肝脏消化酶活性的影响.中国水产科学学报,15(4):606-614.
钱云霞,陈惠群,孙江飞.2002.饥饿对养殖鲈鱼血液生理生化指标的影响.中国水产科学,9(2):133-137.
沈文英,林浩然,张为民.1999.饥饿和再投喂对草鱼鱼种生物化学组成的影响.动物学报,45(4):404-412.
孙君君,卢荣华,杨峰,等.2014.草鱼SREBP-1基因的克隆及糖对其在肝脏中表达的影响.水产学报,38(8):1057-1067.
覃川杰,邵婷,杨洁萍,等.2015.饥饿胁迫对瓦氏黄颡鱼脂肪代谢的影响.水生生物学报,39(1):58-65.
覃英莲,彭韩柳依,付世建.2016.饥饿对捕食者鱼和猎物鱼快速启动游泳能力及捕食-逃逸行为的影响.生态学杂志,35(9):2429-2434.
王瑁.2001.花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼的生物能量学(博士学位论文).厦门:厦门大学.
杨亚,付世建,彭姜岚,等.2018.两种鲤科鱼类的易钓性.生态学杂志,37(5):1435-1437.
杨亚,吴朝伟,付世建,等.2017.鲫幼鱼易钓性与标准代谢及形态特征的关联.重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,34(2):1-6.
曾令清,李梦露,夏茂芹,等.2018.异育银鲫易钓性的表型基础和生态结果及饥饿响应.水生生物学报,42(4):751-761.
张波,孙耀,唐启升.2000.饥饿对真鲷生长及生化组成的影响.水产学报,24(3):206-210.
张为民,张利红,沈文英,等.2011.饥饿状态下草鱼生长激素的分泌.水生生物学报,25(3):236-240.
张玉蓉,黄庆达,刘书婷,等.2013.不同大小草鱼血液学指标研究.重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,30(1):38-41.
朱站英,华雪铭,于宁,等.2012.草鱼蛋白质和脂肪代谢对饥饿胁迫的响应.水产学报,36(5):756-763.
Ariyomo TO,Watt PJ.2015.Effect of hunger level and time of day on boldness and aggression in the zebrafish Danio rerio.Journal of Fish Biology,86:1852-1859.
Arlinghaus R,Cooke SJ,Lyman J,et al.2008.Understanding the complexity of catch-and-release in recreational fishing:An integrative synthesis of global knowledge from historical,ethical,social,and biological perspectives.Reviews in Fisheries Science,15:75-167.
Biro PA,Stamps JA.2010.Do consistent individual differences in metabolic rate promote consistent individual differences in behavior.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,25:653-659.
Cui Y,Chen SL,Wang SM.1994.Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.Aquaculture,123:95-107.
Dar SA,Srivastava PP,Varghese T,et al.2018.Effects of starvation and refeeding on expression of ghrelin and leptin gene with variations in metabolic parameters in Labeo rohita fingerlings.Aquaculture,484:219-227.
Eroldogan OT,Kumlu M,Kiris GA,et al.2006.Compensatory growth response of Sparus aurata following different starvation and refeeding protocols.Aquaculture Nutrition,12:203-210.
Gaylord TG,Gatlin DM.2001.Dietary protein and energy modifications to maximize compensatory growth of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus).Aquaculture,194:337-348.
Hark9nen L,Hyvarinen P,Paappanen J,et al.2014.Explorative behavior increases vulnerability to angling in hatcheryreared brown trout(Salmo trutta).Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,71:1900-1909.
Jones RE,Petrell RJ,Pauly D.1999.Using modified lengthweight relationships to assess the condition of fish.Aquacultural Engineering,20:261-276.
Klefoth T,Pieterek T,Arlinghaus R.2013.Impacts of domestication on angling vulnerability of common carp,Cyprinus carpio:The role of learning,foraging behaviour and food preferences.Fisheries Management and Ecology,20:174-186.
Mehner T,Wieser W.1994.Energetics and metabolic correlates of starvation in juvenile perch(Perca fluviatilis).Journal of Fish Biology,45:325-333.
Metcalfe NB,Taylor AC,Thorpe JE.1995.Metabolic rate,social status and life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon.Animal Behaviour,49:431-436.
Mlglavs I,Jobling M.1989.Effects of feeding regime on food consumption,growth rates and tissue nucleic acids in juvenile Arctic charr,Salvelinm alpinus,with particular respect to compensatory growth.Journal of Fish Biology,34:947-957.
Narnaware YK,Peter RE.2001.Effects of food deprivation and refeeding on neuropeptide Y(NPY)mRNA levels in goldfish.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B,129:633-637.
Pérez-Jiméne A,Guedes MJ,Morales AE,et al.2007.Metabolic responses to short starvation and refeeding in Dicentrarchus labrax.Aquaculture,265:325-335.
Philipp DP,Cooke SJ,Claussen JE,et al.2009.Selection for vulnerability to angling in largemouth bass.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,138:189-199.
Pitcher TJ,Hollingworth CE.2002.Recreational Fisheries:Ecological,Economic and Social Evaluation.Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell.
Redpath TD,Cooke SJ,Arlinghaus R,et al.2009.Life-history traits and energetic status in relation to vulnerability to angling in an experimentally selected teleost fish.Evolutionary Applications,2:312-323.
Redpath TD,Cooke SJ,Suski CD,et al.2010.The metabolic and biochemical basis of vulnerability to recreational angling after three generations of angling-induced selection in a teleost fish.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,67:1983-1992.
Staples DJ,Nomura M.1976.Influence of body size and food ration on the energy budget of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson.Journal of Fish Biology,9:29-43.
Sumpter JP,Le Bail PY,Pickering AD,et al.1991.The effect of starvation on growth and plasma growth hormone concentrations of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss.General and Comparative Endocrinology,83:94-102.
Thomson JS,Watts PC,Pottinger TG,et al.2012.Plasticity of boldness in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss:Do hunger and predation influence risk-taking behaviour.Hormones and Behaviour,61:750-757.
Uusi-heikkilaS,Wolter C,Klefoth T,et al.2008.A behavioral perspective on fishing-induced evolution.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,23:419-421.
Vainikka A,Tammela I,Hyvarinen P.2016.Does boldness explain vulnerability to angling in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis.Current Zoology,62:109-115.
Viana MT,D'Abramo LR,Gonzalez MA,et al.2007.Energy and nutrient utilization of juvenile green abalone(Haliotis fulgens)during starvation.Aquaculture,264:323-329.
高露姣,陈立侨,宋兵.2004.饥饿和补偿生长对史式鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和体成分的影响.水产学报,28(3):279-284.
黄庆达,张玉蓉,王文,等.2013.不同体长草鱼幼鱼鱼体化学组成的研究.西南大学学报:自然科学版,35(2):41-45.
龙章强,彭士明,陈立侨,等.2008.饥饿与再投喂对黑鲷幼鱼体质量变化、生化组成及肝脏消化酶活性的影响.中国水产科学学报,15(4):606-614.
钱云霞,陈惠群,孙江飞.2002.饥饿对养殖鲈鱼血液生理生化指标的影响.中国水产科学,9(2):133-137.
沈文英,林浩然,张为民.1999.饥饿和再投喂对草鱼鱼种生物化学组成的影响.动物学报,45(4):404-412.
孙君君,卢荣华,杨峰,等.2014.草鱼SREBP-1基因的克隆及糖对其在肝脏中表达的影响.水产学报,38(8):1057-1067.
覃川杰,邵婷,杨洁萍,等.2015.饥饿胁迫对瓦氏黄颡鱼脂肪代谢的影响.水生生物学报,39(1):58-65.
覃英莲,彭韩柳依,付世建.2016.饥饿对捕食者鱼和猎物鱼快速启动游泳能力及捕食-逃逸行为的影响.生态学杂志,35(9):2429-2434.
王瑁.2001.花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼的生物能量学(博士学位论文).厦门:厦门大学.
杨亚,付世建,彭姜岚,等.2018.两种鲤科鱼类的易钓性.生态学杂志,37(5):1435-1437.
杨亚,吴朝伟,付世建,等.2017.鲫幼鱼易钓性与标准代谢及形态特征的关联.重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,34(2):1-6.
曾令清,李梦露,夏茂芹,等.2018.异育银鲫易钓性的表型基础和生态结果及饥饿响应.水生生物学报,42(4):751-761.
张波,孙耀,唐启升.2000.饥饿对真鲷生长及生化组成的影响.水产学报,24(3):206-210.
张为民,张利红,沈文英,等.2011.饥饿状态下草鱼生长激素的分泌.水生生物学报,25(3):236-240.
张玉蓉,黄庆达,刘书婷,等.2013.不同大小草鱼血液学指标研究.重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,30(1):38-41.
朱站英,华雪铭,于宁,等.2012.草鱼蛋白质和脂肪代谢对饥饿胁迫的响应.水产学报,36(5):756-763.
Ariyomo TO,Watt PJ.2015.Effect of hunger level and time of day on boldness and aggression in the zebrafish Danio rerio.Journal of Fish Biology,86:1852-1859.
Arlinghaus R,Cooke SJ,Lyman J,et al.2008.Understanding the complexity of catch-and-release in recreational fishing:An integrative synthesis of global knowledge from historical,ethical,social,and biological perspectives.Reviews in Fisheries Science,15:75-167.
Biro PA,Stamps JA.2010.Do consistent individual differences in metabolic rate promote consistent individual differences in behavior.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,25:653-659.
Cui Y,Chen SL,Wang SM.1994.Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.Aquaculture,123:95-107.
Dar SA,Srivastava PP,Varghese T,et al.2018.Effects of starvation and refeeding on expression of ghrelin and leptin gene with variations in metabolic parameters in Labeo rohita fingerlings.Aquaculture,484:219-227.
Eroldogan OT,Kumlu M,Kiris GA,et al.2006.Compensatory growth response of Sparus aurata following different starvation and refeeding protocols.Aquaculture Nutrition,12:203-210.
Gaylord TG,Gatlin DM.2001.Dietary protein and energy modifications to maximize compensatory growth of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus).Aquaculture,194:337-348.
Hark9nen L,Hyvarinen P,Paappanen J,et al.2014.Explorative behavior increases vulnerability to angling in hatcheryreared brown trout(Salmo trutta).Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,71:1900-1909.
Jones RE,Petrell RJ,Pauly D.1999.Using modified lengthweight relationships to assess the condition of fish.Aquacultural Engineering,20:261-276.
Klefoth T,Pieterek T,Arlinghaus R.2013.Impacts of domestication on angling vulnerability of common carp,Cyprinus carpio:The role of learning,foraging behaviour and food preferences.Fisheries Management and Ecology,20:174-186.
Mehner T,Wieser W.1994.Energetics and metabolic correlates of starvation in juvenile perch(Perca fluviatilis).Journal of Fish Biology,45:325-333.
Metcalfe NB,Taylor AC,Thorpe JE.1995.Metabolic rate,social status and life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon.Animal Behaviour,49:431-436.
Mlglavs I,Jobling M.1989.Effects of feeding regime on food consumption,growth rates and tissue nucleic acids in juvenile Arctic charr,Salvelinm alpinus,with particular respect to compensatory growth.Journal of Fish Biology,34:947-957.
Narnaware YK,Peter RE.2001.Effects of food deprivation and refeeding on neuropeptide Y(NPY)mRNA levels in goldfish.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B,129:633-637.
Pérez-Jiméne A,Guedes MJ,Morales AE,et al.2007.Metabolic responses to short starvation and refeeding in Dicentrarchus labrax.Aquaculture,265:325-335.
Philipp DP,Cooke SJ,Claussen JE,et al.2009.Selection for vulnerability to angling in largemouth bass.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,138:189-199.
Pitcher TJ,Hollingworth CE.2002.Recreational Fisheries:Ecological,Economic and Social Evaluation.Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell.
Redpath TD,Cooke SJ,Arlinghaus R,et al.2009.Life-history traits and energetic status in relation to vulnerability to angling in an experimentally selected teleost fish.Evolutionary Applications,2:312-323.
Redpath TD,Cooke SJ,Suski CD,et al.2010.The metabolic and biochemical basis of vulnerability to recreational angling after three generations of angling-induced selection in a teleost fish.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,67:1983-1992.
Staples DJ,Nomura M.1976.Influence of body size and food ration on the energy budget of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson.Journal of Fish Biology,9:29-43.
Sumpter JP,Le Bail PY,Pickering AD,et al.1991.The effect of starvation on growth and plasma growth hormone concentrations of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss.General and Comparative Endocrinology,83:94-102.
Thomson JS,Watts PC,Pottinger TG,et al.2012.Plasticity of boldness in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss:Do hunger and predation influence risk-taking behaviour.Hormones and Behaviour,61:750-757.
Uusi-heikkilaS,Wolter C,Klefoth T,et al.2008.A behavioral perspective on fishing-induced evolution.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,23:419-421.
Vainikka A,Tammela I,Hyvarinen P.2016.Does boldness explain vulnerability to angling in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis.Current Zoology,62:109-115.
Viana MT,D'Abramo LR,Gonzalez MA,et al.2007.Energy and nutrient utilization of juvenile green abalone(Haliotis fulgens)during starvation.Aquaculture,264:323-329.