闽三角地区农田景观格局演变及其生态服务功能研究
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摘要
基于闽三角地区2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年的LandsatTM/ETM+/OLI影像提取农田景观数据,并利用景观格局分析方法,从景观面积、空间分异、斑块特征以及总体格局4个方面,对比研究了2000—2015年闽三角地区农田景观格局的演变特征,并对其生态服务功能进行深入探讨。研究结果表明:2000—2015年间,闽三角地区的农田景观以平原水田和丘陵水田为主,面积呈现出整体下降的趋势,其空间分布格局基本保持稳定,集中分布于东南沿海一带,地域上主要集中于泉州市和漳州市;丘陵水田和平原水田的斑块数目最多,斑块面积最大,而平原旱地和山区旱地的斑块数目最少,斑块面积也最小,其中丘陵水田和平原水田更为集中连片,景观破碎化程度较低;农田景观格局呈现出破碎度增加、丰富度下降、类型单一化以及聚集度下降的总体趋势;闽三角地区的农田景观格局演变会降低其供给、调节、文化以及支持等生态服务功能。
In this paper, Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI in 2000, 2005, 2010 are selected to extract farmland landscape data in Fujian Delta region and landscape pattern analysis method is adopted to comparatively study the evolution characteristics of farmland landscape pattern in Fujian Delta region, and to discuss its ecological service functions deeply from 4 aspects of landscape area, spatial differentiation, plaque characteristics and overall pattern. The results showed that the farmland landscape of Fujian Delta region was mainly composed of plain paddy fields and hills paddy field from 2000 to 2015. The area of paddy field showed an overall downward trend and it concentrated in the southeast coastal area, mainly in Quanzhou city and Zhangzhou city; and its spatial distribution pattern was basically stable. The number of patches of hilly paddy field and plain paddy field is largest and its patch area is the widest, while the number of patches of plain dry land and dry land in mountain area is the least and its patch area was also the least, and the degree of landscape fragmentation of hilly paddy field and plain paddy field was lower. Farmland landscape pattern showed a general trend of increasing fragmentation, decreasing richness, simplifying landscape types and declining aggregation degree. The evolution of farmland landscape pattern can affect the ecological service functions in supply, regulation, culture and support.
In this paper, Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI in 2000, 2005, 2010 are selected to extract farmland landscape data in Fujian Delta region and landscape pattern analysis method is adopted to comparatively study the evolution characteristics of farmland landscape pattern in Fujian Delta region, and to discuss its ecological service functions deeply from 4 aspects of landscape area, spatial differentiation, plaque characteristics and overall pattern. The results showed that the farmland landscape of Fujian Delta region was mainly composed of plain paddy fields and hills paddy field from 2000 to 2015. The area of paddy field showed an overall downward trend and it concentrated in the southeast coastal area, mainly in Quanzhou city and Zhangzhou city; and its spatial distribution pattern was basically stable. The number of patches of hilly paddy field and plain paddy field is largest and its patch area is the widest, while the number of patches of plain dry land and dry land in mountain area is the least and its patch area was also the least, and the degree of landscape fragmentation of hilly paddy field and plain paddy field was lower. Farmland landscape pattern showed a general trend of increasing fragmentation, decreasing richness, simplifying landscape types and declining aggregation degree. The evolution of farmland landscape pattern can affect the ecological service functions in supply, regulation, culture and support.
引文
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[27]林栋,马晖玲,任正超,等.基于LUCC的兰州城市生态系统服务价值动态分析[J].生态科学,2016,35(2):134-142.
[28]石垚,王如松,黄锦楼,等.中国陆地生态系统服务功能的时空变化分析[J].科学通报,2012,57(9):720-731.
[2]付梅臣,胡振琪,吴淦国.农田景观格局演变规律分析[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(6):54-58.
[3]张彪,徐洁,王硕,等.首都生态圈土地覆被及其生态服务功能特征[J].资源科学,2015,37(8):1513-1519.
[4]谢高地,肖玉.农田生态系统服务及其价值的研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):645-651.
[5]师银芳,赵军,李传华.张掖市典型绿洲农田生态系统生产力时空分布特征[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(2):120-125.
[6]邬建国.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[7]郑新奇.景观格局空间分析技术及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[8]WANG,Yingzi,HONG Wei,WU Chengzhen,et al.Application of landscape ecology to the research on wetlands[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2008,19(2):164-170.
[9]张彪,徐洁,谢高地,等.2000-2010年北京城市绿色空间格局动态分析[J].生态科学,2016,35(6):24-33.
[10]GU D,ZHANG Y,FU J,et al.The landscape pattern characteristics of coastal wetlands in Jiaozhou Bay under the impact of human activities[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2007,124(3):361-370.
[11]陈传明.武夷山国家级自然保护区景观生态格局分析与评价[J].生态科学,2015,34(5):142-146.
[12]郭泺,杜世宏,孙皓铭,等.珠海市城区景观空间格局特征分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(2):307-313.
[13]宋明明,都金康,郑文龙,等.秦淮河流域近30年不透水面景观格局时空演变研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(2):238-247.
[14]赵永华,贾夏,刘建朝,等.基于多源遥感数据的景观格局及预测研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(8):2556-2564.
[15]孔凡亭,郗敏,李悦,等.基于RS和GIS技术的湿地景观格局变化研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):941-946.
[16]刘吉平,赵丹丹,田学智,等.1954-2010年三江平原土地利用景观格局动态变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3234-3244.
[17]吴莉,侯西勇,徐新良,等.山东沿海地区土地利用和景观格局变化[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(5):207-216.
[18]张荣天,张小林,李传武.镇江市土地利用景观格局分析[J].经济地理,2012,32(9):132-137.
[19]潘竟虎,苏有才,黄永生,等.近30年玉门市土地利用与景观格局变化及其驱动力[J].地理研究,2012,31(9):1631-1639.
[20]张莹,雷国平,林佳,等.扎龙自然保护区不同空间尺度景观格局时空变化及其生态风险[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(5):1250-1256.
[21]王红梅,王仲良,王堃,等.华北农牧交错带农田-草地景观镶嵌体土壤水分空间异质性[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6287-6294.
[22]孙小祥,杨桂山,欧维新,等.太湖流域耕地变化及其对生态服务功能影响研究[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(10):1675-1685.
[23]陈利顶,孙然好,刘海莲.城市景观格局演变的生态环境效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1042-1050.
[24]顾泽贤,赵筱青,高翔宇,等.澜沧县景观格局变化及其生态系统服务价值评价[J].生态科学,2016,35(5):143-153.
[25]刘鸣达,黄晓姗,张玉龙,等.农田生态系统服务功能研究进展[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):834-838.
[26]孙新章,周海林,谢高地.中国农田生态系统的服务功能及其经济价值[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2007,17(4):55-60.
[27]林栋,马晖玲,任正超,等.基于LUCC的兰州城市生态系统服务价值动态分析[J].生态科学,2016,35(2):134-142.
[28]石垚,王如松,黄锦楼,等.中国陆地生态系统服务功能的时空变化分析[J].科学通报,2012,57(9):720-731.