大开口车辐式索承网格结构构建及其受力机制和找形研究
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摘要
提出了大开口车辐式索承网格结构,其适用于体育场、足球场等大跨空间屋盖结构体系。介绍了该结构的型体构成和基本受力原理,并对结构的受力机制进行探讨。该结构由刚性网格、索杆体系、内环带桁架及内环悬挑网格组成,其中张拉索杆为刚性网格提供竖向支撑,刚性网格起到压环作用,结构在水平面内为一自平衡体系;内环带桁架将径向索承结构联系在一起,增加结构的空间整体性,提高了结构的刚度和承载力;内环悬挑网格增加刚性网格压环宽度,进一步提高了结构的承载力。分析了现有找形方法存在的问题,提出了适用于该结构体系,并可保持撑杆竖直、控制撑杆高度的找形方法,并编制计算程序,通过算例验证了该找形方法的有效性。
A large opening spoke-wheel-type cable supported grid structure is proposed, which is suitable for the roofs of stadiums. The basic configuration and the force transfer mechanism of such structure are described. The structure is composed of a rigid grid, a cable strut system, an inner ring truss and an inner cantilever grid. The cable strut system provides vertical support, and the rigid grid acts as a compressive ring. These make the structure a self-balancing system in the horizontal plane. The inner ring truss links to a series of radial cable-supporting stuctures, increasing the spatial integrity and greatly enhancing the stiffness and bearing capacity of the structure. The cantilever inner grid increases the width of the rigid grid and therefore to further increase the bearing capacity of the structure. Based on the basic load carrying mechanics, some problems in terms of form-finding methods are pointed out. An appropriate form-finding approach which is applicable to large opening spoke-wheel-type cable supported grid structures and concurrently ensures vertical rods with required length is proposed and programmed. The improved methods are proved to be effective by providing an illustrative example.
A large opening spoke-wheel-type cable supported grid structure is proposed, which is suitable for the roofs of stadiums. The basic configuration and the force transfer mechanism of such structure are described. The structure is composed of a rigid grid, a cable strut system, an inner ring truss and an inner cantilever grid. The cable strut system provides vertical support, and the rigid grid acts as a compressive ring. These make the structure a self-balancing system in the horizontal plane. The inner ring truss links to a series of radial cable-supporting stuctures, increasing the spatial integrity and greatly enhancing the stiffness and bearing capacity of the structure. The cantilever inner grid increases the width of the rigid grid and therefore to further increase the bearing capacity of the structure. Based on the basic load carrying mechanics, some problems in terms of form-finding methods are pointed out. An appropriate form-finding approach which is applicable to large opening spoke-wheel-type cable supported grid structures and concurrently ensures vertical rods with required length is proposed and programmed. The improved methods are proved to be effective by providing an illustrative example.
引文
[1] 郭彦林,王昆,孙文波,等, 宝安体育场结构设计关键问题研究[J].建筑结构学报, 2013,34(5):11-19. (GUO Yanlin, WANG Kun, SUN Wenbo, et al. Research on key structural design problems of the Bao’an Stadium[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2013,34(5):11-19. (in Chinese))
[2] 郭彦林,王昆,田广宇,等. 车辐式张拉结构体型研究与设计[J] 建筑结构学报,2013,34(5):1-10. (GUO Yanlin, WANG Kun, TIAN Guangyu, et al. Research and design of structural form of spoke structure[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2013,34(5):1-10. (in Chinese))
[3] 田广宇. 车辐式张拉结构设计理论与施工控制关键技术研究[D]. 北京:清华大学,2012. (TIAN Guangyu. Research on key technology of design theory and construction control in spoke tension structures[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University,2012.(in Chinese))
[4] 王昆. 车辐式张拉结构的体型研究与设计[D].北京:清华大学,2011:45-54. (WANG Kun. Research and design of the architectural form of the spoke structure[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2011: 45-54.(in Chinese))
[5] 冯庆兴. 大跨度环形空腹索桁结构体系的理论和实验研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2003:56- 68.(FENG Qingxing. Theoretical and experimental research on the large-span annular open-web cable truss structures[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2003: 56- 68.(in Chinese))
[6] 尚仁杰,吴转琴,李佩勋,等. 双向张弦梁找形的有限元法[J]. 计算力学学报,2009, 26(1):131-135. (SHANG Renjie, WU Zhuanqin, LI Peixun, et al. The FEM of form-finding of bi-directional string structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2009, 26(1):131-135. (in Chinese))
[7] 张志宏,张明山,董石麟. 张弦梁结构若干问题的探讨[J]. 工程力学,2004,21(6):26-30. (ZHANG Zhihong, ZHANG Mingshan, DONG Shilin. Discussion on some problems of beam-string structures[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2004, 21(6):26-30. (in Chinese))
[8] 薛伟辰,刘晟,苏旭霖,等. 上海源深体育馆预应力张弦梁优化设计与试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(1):16-23. (XUE Weichen, LIU Sheng, SU Xulin, et al. Design optimization and experimental study on prestressed beam string of Shanghai Yuanshen Arena[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2008, 29(1):16-23. (in Chinese))
[9] 张志宏, 董石麟, 邓华. 张弦梁结构的计算分析和形状确定问题[J]. 空间结构, 2011, 17(1): 8-14. (ZHANG Zhihong, DONG Shilin, DENG Hua. Computational analysis and shape determination problem of beam-string structures[J]. Spatial Structures, 2011, 17(1): 8-14. (in Chinese))
[10] 沈世钊,陈昕.网壳结构稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:1. (SHEN Shizhao, CHEN Xin. Stability of reticulated shells[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1999:1.(in Chinese))
[11] 张明山, 董石麟, 张志宏. 弦支穹顶初始预应力分布的确定及稳定性分析[J]. 空间结构, 2004, 10(2): 8-12. (ZHANG Mingshan, DONG Shilin, ZHANG Zhihong. Distribution of initial pre-stress and stability analysis of suspen-dome[J]. Spatial Structures, 2004, 10(2): 8-12. (in Chinese))
[12] 张志宏, 董石麟. 索杆梁混合单元体系的初始预应力分布确定问题[J]. 空间结构, 2003, 9(3): 13-18. (ZHANG Zhihong, DONG Shilin. Research on the initial prestress determination for cable-strut-beam systems[J]. Spatial Structures, 2003, 9(3): 13-18. (in Chinese))
[13] 张志宏, 张明山, 董石麟. 平衡矩阵理论的探讨及一索杆梁杂交空间结构的静力和稳定性分析[J]. 工程力学, 2005, 22(6): 7-14.(ZHANG Zhihong, ZHANG Mingshan, DONG Shilin. Discussion on the equilibrium matrix theory and static and stability analysis of a hybrid spatial structure composed of cables, bars and beams[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2005, 22(6): 7-14.(in Chinese))
[14] 张志宏, 李志强, 董石麟. 杂交空间结构形状确定问题的探讨[J]. 工程力学, 2010, 27(11): 56- 63. (ZHANG Zhihong, LI Zhiqiang, DONG Shilin. Discussions on shape determination of hybrid spatial structures[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2010, 27(11): 56- 63.(in Chinese))
[15] LINKWITZ K, SCHEK H J. Einige bemerkungen zur berechnung von vorgespannten seilnetz-konstruktionen[J]. Ingenieur-Archiv, 1971, 40: 145-158.
[16] SCHEK H J.The force density method for form finding and computation of general networks[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1974(3):115-134.
[17] 向新岸, 田伟, 赵阳, 等. 考虑膜面二维变形的改进非线性力密度法[J]. 工程力学, 2010, 27(4): 251-256. (XIANG Xin’an, TIAN Wei, ZHAO Yang, et al. Improved nonlinear force density method accounting for 2-dimensional deformations of membrane element[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2010, 27(4): 251-256. (in Chinese))
[18] 向新岸, 赵阳, 董石麟. 张拉结构找形的多坐标系力密度法[J]. 工程力学, 2010, 27(12): 64-71. (XIANG Xin’an, ZHAO Yang, DONG Shilin. Force density method based on multi-coordinate-system for form-finding of tensile structures[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2010, 27(12): 64-71. (in Chinese))
[19] PELLEGRINO S, CALLADINE C R. Matrix analysis of statically and kinematically indeterminate frame-works[J]. International Journal of Solids Structures, 1986, 22: 409- 428.
[20] PELLEGRINO S. Analysis of prestressed mechanisms[J]. International Journal of Solids Structures, 1990, 26(12): 1329-1350.
[21] 袁行飞, 董石麟. 索穹顶结构几何稳定性分析[J]. 空间结构, 1999, 5(1): 3-9. (YUAN Xingfei, DONG Shilin. Analysis of geometric stability for cable domes[J]. Spatial Structures, 1999, 5(1): 3-9. (in Chinese))
[2] 郭彦林,王昆,田广宇,等. 车辐式张拉结构体型研究与设计[J] 建筑结构学报,2013,34(5):1-10. (GUO Yanlin, WANG Kun, TIAN Guangyu, et al. Research and design of structural form of spoke structure[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2013,34(5):1-10. (in Chinese))
[3] 田广宇. 车辐式张拉结构设计理论与施工控制关键技术研究[D]. 北京:清华大学,2012. (TIAN Guangyu. Research on key technology of design theory and construction control in spoke tension structures[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University,2012.(in Chinese))
[4] 王昆. 车辐式张拉结构的体型研究与设计[D].北京:清华大学,2011:45-54. (WANG Kun. Research and design of the architectural form of the spoke structure[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2011: 45-54.(in Chinese))
[5] 冯庆兴. 大跨度环形空腹索桁结构体系的理论和实验研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2003:56- 68.(FENG Qingxing. Theoretical and experimental research on the large-span annular open-web cable truss structures[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2003: 56- 68.(in Chinese))
[6] 尚仁杰,吴转琴,李佩勋,等. 双向张弦梁找形的有限元法[J]. 计算力学学报,2009, 26(1):131-135. (SHANG Renjie, WU Zhuanqin, LI Peixun, et al. The FEM of form-finding of bi-directional string structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2009, 26(1):131-135. (in Chinese))
[7] 张志宏,张明山,董石麟. 张弦梁结构若干问题的探讨[J]. 工程力学,2004,21(6):26-30. (ZHANG Zhihong, ZHANG Mingshan, DONG Shilin. Discussion on some problems of beam-string structures[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2004, 21(6):26-30. (in Chinese))
[8] 薛伟辰,刘晟,苏旭霖,等. 上海源深体育馆预应力张弦梁优化设计与试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(1):16-23. (XUE Weichen, LIU Sheng, SU Xulin, et al. Design optimization and experimental study on prestressed beam string of Shanghai Yuanshen Arena[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2008, 29(1):16-23. (in Chinese))
[9] 张志宏, 董石麟, 邓华. 张弦梁结构的计算分析和形状确定问题[J]. 空间结构, 2011, 17(1): 8-14. (ZHANG Zhihong, DONG Shilin, DENG Hua. Computational analysis and shape determination problem of beam-string structures[J]. Spatial Structures, 2011, 17(1): 8-14. (in Chinese))
[10] 沈世钊,陈昕.网壳结构稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:1. (SHEN Shizhao, CHEN Xin. Stability of reticulated shells[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1999:1.(in Chinese))
[11] 张明山, 董石麟, 张志宏. 弦支穹顶初始预应力分布的确定及稳定性分析[J]. 空间结构, 2004, 10(2): 8-12. (ZHANG Mingshan, DONG Shilin, ZHANG Zhihong. Distribution of initial pre-stress and stability analysis of suspen-dome[J]. Spatial Structures, 2004, 10(2): 8-12. (in Chinese))
[12] 张志宏, 董石麟. 索杆梁混合单元体系的初始预应力分布确定问题[J]. 空间结构, 2003, 9(3): 13-18. (ZHANG Zhihong, DONG Shilin. Research on the initial prestress determination for cable-strut-beam systems[J]. Spatial Structures, 2003, 9(3): 13-18. (in Chinese))
[13] 张志宏, 张明山, 董石麟. 平衡矩阵理论的探讨及一索杆梁杂交空间结构的静力和稳定性分析[J]. 工程力学, 2005, 22(6): 7-14.(ZHANG Zhihong, ZHANG Mingshan, DONG Shilin. Discussion on the equilibrium matrix theory and static and stability analysis of a hybrid spatial structure composed of cables, bars and beams[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2005, 22(6): 7-14.(in Chinese))
[14] 张志宏, 李志强, 董石麟. 杂交空间结构形状确定问题的探讨[J]. 工程力学, 2010, 27(11): 56- 63. (ZHANG Zhihong, LI Zhiqiang, DONG Shilin. Discussions on shape determination of hybrid spatial structures[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2010, 27(11): 56- 63.(in Chinese))
[15] LINKWITZ K, SCHEK H J. Einige bemerkungen zur berechnung von vorgespannten seilnetz-konstruktionen[J]. Ingenieur-Archiv, 1971, 40: 145-158.
[16] SCHEK H J.The force density method for form finding and computation of general networks[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1974(3):115-134.
[17] 向新岸, 田伟, 赵阳, 等. 考虑膜面二维变形的改进非线性力密度法[J]. 工程力学, 2010, 27(4): 251-256. (XIANG Xin’an, TIAN Wei, ZHAO Yang, et al. Improved nonlinear force density method accounting for 2-dimensional deformations of membrane element[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2010, 27(4): 251-256. (in Chinese))
[18] 向新岸, 赵阳, 董石麟. 张拉结构找形的多坐标系力密度法[J]. 工程力学, 2010, 27(12): 64-71. (XIANG Xin’an, ZHAO Yang, DONG Shilin. Force density method based on multi-coordinate-system for form-finding of tensile structures[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2010, 27(12): 64-71. (in Chinese))
[19] PELLEGRINO S, CALLADINE C R. Matrix analysis of statically and kinematically indeterminate frame-works[J]. International Journal of Solids Structures, 1986, 22: 409- 428.
[20] PELLEGRINO S. Analysis of prestressed mechanisms[J]. International Journal of Solids Structures, 1990, 26(12): 1329-1350.
[21] 袁行飞, 董石麟. 索穹顶结构几何稳定性分析[J]. 空间结构, 1999, 5(1): 3-9. (YUAN Xingfei, DONG Shilin. Analysis of geometric stability for cable domes[J]. Spatial Structures, 1999, 5(1): 3-9. (in Chinese))