氟砷联合中毒动物模型建立的研究进展
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摘要
氟、砷是存在于自然界中的两种微量化学元素,其适量摄入对人体有益,过量则会引起机体中毒。氟中毒及砷中毒均已构建出较为成熟的动物模型,但氟砷联合中毒动物模型尚不成熟。为建立更好的氟砷联合中毒动物模型,本文对氟砷联合中毒动物模型建立中的吸收与排泄、动物的选择、实验试剂的选择、氟砷中毒途径、时间及剂量、造模设计、造模成功的判断以及氟砷的相互作用关系作一综述。
Fluorine and arsenic are two kinds of trace chemical elements that are available in nature.The proper intake is beneficial to the human body.However,excessive intake could cause poisoning.Animal models of fluorosis and arsenic poisoning have been established,but their animal models of combined fluorosis and arsenic poisoning are imperfect.In order to establish a better animal model,this paper reviewed the establishment of animal models of combined fluoride and arsenic poisoning,including the absorption and excretion of fluoride and arsenic,the selection of animals and experimental reagents,the route,time and dose of fluoride and arsenic poisoning,as well as the judgment of successful modeling,the interaction between fluoride and arsenic in the victims.
Fluorine and arsenic are two kinds of trace chemical elements that are available in nature.The proper intake is beneficial to the human body.However,excessive intake could cause poisoning.Animal models of fluorosis and arsenic poisoning have been established,but their animal models of combined fluorosis and arsenic poisoning are imperfect.In order to establish a better animal model,this paper reviewed the establishment of animal models of combined fluoride and arsenic poisoning,including the absorption and excretion of fluoride and arsenic,the selection of animals and experimental reagents,the route,time and dose of fluoride and arsenic poisoning,as well as the judgment of successful modeling,the interaction between fluoride and arsenic in the victims.
引文
[1] Kebede A,Retta N,Abuye C,et al.Dietary fluoride intake and associated skeletal and dental fluorosis in school age children in rural ethiopian rift valley[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,2016,13(8):756.
[2] Tanga S,Goel V R,Patil S.Chronic arsenic poisoning leading to skin malignancy in a community[J].Clinical Skin Cancer,2016,1(1):15-19.
[3] 张秀丽,孙海波.氟砷联合作用对机体的损伤[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2013,28(2):99-101.
[4] Huang Y Z,Qian X C,Wang G Q,et al.Syudrome of endemic arsemism and fluorosis[J].Chinese Medical Journal,1992,105(7):586-590.
[5] Gonzalez-Horta C,Ballinas-casarrubias L,Sanchez-Ramírez B,et al.A Concurrent exposure to arsenic and fluoride from drinking water in Chihuahua,Mexico[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,2015,12(5):4587-4601.
[6] 郑玉建,张杰,闫玲.用单细胞凝胶电泳观察氟砷单独及联合对淋巴细胞DNA损伤[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2005,20(6):324-326.
[7] Zheng Y,Wu J,Ng J C,et al.The absorption and excretion of fluoride and arsenic in humans[J].Toxicology Letters,2002,133(1):77-82.
[8] Lu C,Zhao F,Sun D,et al.Comparison of speciated arsenic levels in the liver and brain of mice between arsenate and arsenite exposure at the early life[J].Environmental Toxicology,2014,29(7):797-803.
[9] Kawai J.Forensic analysis of arsenic poisoning in Japan by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence[J].X-Ray Spectrometry,2013,43(1):2-12.
[10]Iano F G,Ferreira M C,Quaggio G B,et al.Effects of chronic fluoride intake on the antioxidant systems of the liver and kidney in rats[J].Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,2014,168:212-217.
[11]Aposhian H V,Zakharyan R A,Avram M D,et al.A review of the enzymology of arsenic metabolism and a new potential role of hydrogen peroxide in the detoxication of the trivalent arsenic species[J].Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology,2004,198(3):327-335.
[12]张连峰,崔韶.国内外实验动物模型概览[J].科技导报,2017,35(24):27-31.
[13]Jiang S,Su J,Yao S,et al.Fluoride and arsenic exposure impairs learning and memory and decreases mGluR5 expression in the hippocampus and cortex in rats [J].Plos One,2014,9(4):e96041.
[14]Zhu Y P,Xi S H,Li M Y,et al.Fluoride and arsenic exposure affects spatial memory and activates the ERK/CREB signaling pathway in offspring rats[J].Neurotoxicology,2017,59:56-64.
[15]Flora S J,Mittal M,Mishra D.Co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride on oxidative stress,glutathione linked enzymes,biogenic amines and DNA damage in mouse brain[J].Journal of the Neurological Sciences,2009,285(1):198-205.
[16]周远忠,黄厚今,刘起展,等.氟、砷及氟砷联合作用对小鼠肝、脑、肾氧化损伤的实验研究[J].遵义医学院学报,2002,25(5):391-393.
[17]季伯,刘建国,王凯,等.燃煤型氟斑牙动物模型复制的研究现状[J].口腔医学研究,2014,30(2):180-182.
[18]Barron M J,Brookes S J,Jennifer K,et al.A mutation in the mouseAmelxtri-tyrosyl domain results in impaired secretion of amelogenin and phenocopies human X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta[J].Human Molecular Genetics,2010,19(7):1230-1247.
[19]Everett E T,Mchenry M A,Reynolds N,et al.Dental fluorosis:variability among different inbred mouse strains[J].Journal of Dental Research,2002,81(11):794-798.
[20]National Research Council (US) Committee on Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants.Arsenic:Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants[J].Journal of Finance,1977,32(3):663-682.
[21]Liu Y,Han L,Chuan H E,et al.Comparison of gender differences in the rat model of fluorosis[J].Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine,2018,28(1):33-37.
[22]Kuroda K,Yoshida K,Yoshimura M,et al.Microbial metabolite of dimethylarsinic acid is highly toxic and genotoxic[J].Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology,2004,198(3):345-353.
[23]Hayakawa T,Kobayashi Y,Cui X,et al.A new metabolic pathway of arsenite:arsenic-glutathione complexes are substrates for human arsenic methyltransferase Cyt19[J].Archives of Toxicology,2005,79(4):183-191.
[24]Petrick J S,Ayala-Fierro F,Cullen W R,et al.Monomethylarsonous Acid (MMA III ) is More toxic than arsenite in chang human hepatocytes[J].Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology,2000,163(2):203-207.
[25]杨敏.三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者血糖异常的观察[J].遵义医学院学报,2012,35(1):43-44.
[26]Levy S M,Broffitt B,Marshall T A,et al.Associations between fluorosis of permanent incisors and fluoride intake from infant formula,other dietary sources and dentifrice during early childhood[J].Journal of the American Dental Association,2010,141(10):1190-1201.
[27]Schulzki G,Nüβlein B,Sievers H.Transition rates of selected metals determined in various types of teas (Camellia sinensis L.Kuntze) and herbal/fruit infusions[J].Food Chemistry,2017,215:22-30.
[28]陈媛,熊传龙,张琦,等.氟中毒暴露途径及健康效应研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2016,33(1):84-87.
[29]高健伟,韦炳干,薛源,等.地方性砷中毒地区环境砷暴露健康风险研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(2):138-147.
[30]Yang D S,Hong F.Effects of fluoride and arsenic exposure on bone absorptive capacity of osteoclasts in rats and related mechanism[J].Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine,2018,35(4):297-302.
[31]李玲.燃煤型过量氟对仔鼠下切牙牙胚钙调蛋白NCX3和NCKX4表达的影响[D].遵义:遵义医学院,2016.
[32]吴起清,钟近洁,白生宾,等.饮水型大鼠氟中毒动物模型的建立[J].中国高等医学教育,2009(3):120-121.
[33]马栓柱,许秀举,罗绥兰,等.饮水型砷中毒大鼠中毒模型及剂量-反应关系[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(2):243-245.
[34]Sárk?zi K,Horváth E,Vezér T,et al.Behavioral and general effects of subacute oral arsenic exposure in rats with and without fluoride[J].International Journal of Environmental Health Research,2015,25(4):418-431.
[35]Zhang W L,Hao X H,Cao F Y,et al.Effects of fluoride and arsenic combined exposure on ultrastructure of neurons in rats[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2014,30(3):302-305.
[36]顾何锋,张颖,张凯强,等.饮水型氟中毒动物模型建立及硬组织形态学改变的研究[J].口腔医学,2013,33(11):721-724.
[37]张杰.氟、砷单独及联合染毒对大鼠学习记忆及Ras/ERK信号通路影响的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2015.
[38]王光平,刘建国,李明霞,等.燃煤型氟斑牙动物模型复制方法的改进[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2013,28(2):88-92.
[39]徐玉艳,张爱华,李军,等.燃煤型砷中毒大鼠肾损伤特点及其生物学标志的基准剂量分析[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2014,28(2):243-247.
[40]于飞,刘伟.家畜砷中毒病的发生和诊治[J].现代畜牧科技,2017(4):121.
[41]和芳,甘虚,王小云.慢性砷中毒患者尿砷含量与皮肤改变的相关性究[J].实用医院临床杂志,2013,10(5):97-98.
[42]韩爱军,刘盘龙,梅予锋.慢性氟中毒对大鼠硬组织氟含量的影响[J].中国医药导报,2013,10(3):29-30.
[43]Richter H,Kierdorf U,Richards A,et al.Fluoride concentration in dentine as a biomarker of fluoride intake in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) - an electron-microprobe study[J].Archives of Oral Biology,2011,56(8):785-792.
[44]Denbesten P,Li W.Chronic fluoride toxicity:dental fluorosis[J].Monogr Oral Sci,2011,22(22):81-96.
[45]吴彦秋,陈宣好,代佑罡,等.氟化钠对大鼠成骨肉瘤细胞UMR-106成骨活性标志物的影响[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(5):883-886.
[46]申旭波,周远忠,姜慧,等.亚砷酸钠对人肝细胞增殖的影响[J].遵义医学院学报,2009,32(1):26-27.
[2] Tanga S,Goel V R,Patil S.Chronic arsenic poisoning leading to skin malignancy in a community[J].Clinical Skin Cancer,2016,1(1):15-19.
[3] 张秀丽,孙海波.氟砷联合作用对机体的损伤[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2013,28(2):99-101.
[4] Huang Y Z,Qian X C,Wang G Q,et al.Syudrome of endemic arsemism and fluorosis[J].Chinese Medical Journal,1992,105(7):586-590.
[5] Gonzalez-Horta C,Ballinas-casarrubias L,Sanchez-Ramírez B,et al.A Concurrent exposure to arsenic and fluoride from drinking water in Chihuahua,Mexico[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,2015,12(5):4587-4601.
[6] 郑玉建,张杰,闫玲.用单细胞凝胶电泳观察氟砷单独及联合对淋巴细胞DNA损伤[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2005,20(6):324-326.
[7] Zheng Y,Wu J,Ng J C,et al.The absorption and excretion of fluoride and arsenic in humans[J].Toxicology Letters,2002,133(1):77-82.
[8] Lu C,Zhao F,Sun D,et al.Comparison of speciated arsenic levels in the liver and brain of mice between arsenate and arsenite exposure at the early life[J].Environmental Toxicology,2014,29(7):797-803.
[9] Kawai J.Forensic analysis of arsenic poisoning in Japan by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence[J].X-Ray Spectrometry,2013,43(1):2-12.
[10]Iano F G,Ferreira M C,Quaggio G B,et al.Effects of chronic fluoride intake on the antioxidant systems of the liver and kidney in rats[J].Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,2014,168:212-217.
[11]Aposhian H V,Zakharyan R A,Avram M D,et al.A review of the enzymology of arsenic metabolism and a new potential role of hydrogen peroxide in the detoxication of the trivalent arsenic species[J].Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology,2004,198(3):327-335.
[12]张连峰,崔韶.国内外实验动物模型概览[J].科技导报,2017,35(24):27-31.
[13]Jiang S,Su J,Yao S,et al.Fluoride and arsenic exposure impairs learning and memory and decreases mGluR5 expression in the hippocampus and cortex in rats [J].Plos One,2014,9(4):e96041.
[14]Zhu Y P,Xi S H,Li M Y,et al.Fluoride and arsenic exposure affects spatial memory and activates the ERK/CREB signaling pathway in offspring rats[J].Neurotoxicology,2017,59:56-64.
[15]Flora S J,Mittal M,Mishra D.Co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride on oxidative stress,glutathione linked enzymes,biogenic amines and DNA damage in mouse brain[J].Journal of the Neurological Sciences,2009,285(1):198-205.
[16]周远忠,黄厚今,刘起展,等.氟、砷及氟砷联合作用对小鼠肝、脑、肾氧化损伤的实验研究[J].遵义医学院学报,2002,25(5):391-393.
[17]季伯,刘建国,王凯,等.燃煤型氟斑牙动物模型复制的研究现状[J].口腔医学研究,2014,30(2):180-182.
[18]Barron M J,Brookes S J,Jennifer K,et al.A mutation in the mouseAmelxtri-tyrosyl domain results in impaired secretion of amelogenin and phenocopies human X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta[J].Human Molecular Genetics,2010,19(7):1230-1247.
[19]Everett E T,Mchenry M A,Reynolds N,et al.Dental fluorosis:variability among different inbred mouse strains[J].Journal of Dental Research,2002,81(11):794-798.
[20]National Research Council (US) Committee on Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants.Arsenic:Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants[J].Journal of Finance,1977,32(3):663-682.
[21]Liu Y,Han L,Chuan H E,et al.Comparison of gender differences in the rat model of fluorosis[J].Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine,2018,28(1):33-37.
[22]Kuroda K,Yoshida K,Yoshimura M,et al.Microbial metabolite of dimethylarsinic acid is highly toxic and genotoxic[J].Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology,2004,198(3):345-353.
[23]Hayakawa T,Kobayashi Y,Cui X,et al.A new metabolic pathway of arsenite:arsenic-glutathione complexes are substrates for human arsenic methyltransferase Cyt19[J].Archives of Toxicology,2005,79(4):183-191.
[24]Petrick J S,Ayala-Fierro F,Cullen W R,et al.Monomethylarsonous Acid (MMA III ) is More toxic than arsenite in chang human hepatocytes[J].Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology,2000,163(2):203-207.
[25]杨敏.三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者血糖异常的观察[J].遵义医学院学报,2012,35(1):43-44.
[26]Levy S M,Broffitt B,Marshall T A,et al.Associations between fluorosis of permanent incisors and fluoride intake from infant formula,other dietary sources and dentifrice during early childhood[J].Journal of the American Dental Association,2010,141(10):1190-1201.
[27]Schulzki G,Nüβlein B,Sievers H.Transition rates of selected metals determined in various types of teas (Camellia sinensis L.Kuntze) and herbal/fruit infusions[J].Food Chemistry,2017,215:22-30.
[28]陈媛,熊传龙,张琦,等.氟中毒暴露途径及健康效应研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2016,33(1):84-87.
[29]高健伟,韦炳干,薛源,等.地方性砷中毒地区环境砷暴露健康风险研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(2):138-147.
[30]Yang D S,Hong F.Effects of fluoride and arsenic exposure on bone absorptive capacity of osteoclasts in rats and related mechanism[J].Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine,2018,35(4):297-302.
[31]李玲.燃煤型过量氟对仔鼠下切牙牙胚钙调蛋白NCX3和NCKX4表达的影响[D].遵义:遵义医学院,2016.
[32]吴起清,钟近洁,白生宾,等.饮水型大鼠氟中毒动物模型的建立[J].中国高等医学教育,2009(3):120-121.
[33]马栓柱,许秀举,罗绥兰,等.饮水型砷中毒大鼠中毒模型及剂量-反应关系[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(2):243-245.
[34]Sárk?zi K,Horváth E,Vezér T,et al.Behavioral and general effects of subacute oral arsenic exposure in rats with and without fluoride[J].International Journal of Environmental Health Research,2015,25(4):418-431.
[35]Zhang W L,Hao X H,Cao F Y,et al.Effects of fluoride and arsenic combined exposure on ultrastructure of neurons in rats[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2014,30(3):302-305.
[36]顾何锋,张颖,张凯强,等.饮水型氟中毒动物模型建立及硬组织形态学改变的研究[J].口腔医学,2013,33(11):721-724.
[37]张杰.氟、砷单独及联合染毒对大鼠学习记忆及Ras/ERK信号通路影响的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2015.
[38]王光平,刘建国,李明霞,等.燃煤型氟斑牙动物模型复制方法的改进[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2013,28(2):88-92.
[39]徐玉艳,张爱华,李军,等.燃煤型砷中毒大鼠肾损伤特点及其生物学标志的基准剂量分析[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2014,28(2):243-247.
[40]于飞,刘伟.家畜砷中毒病的发生和诊治[J].现代畜牧科技,2017(4):121.
[41]和芳,甘虚,王小云.慢性砷中毒患者尿砷含量与皮肤改变的相关性究[J].实用医院临床杂志,2013,10(5):97-98.
[42]韩爱军,刘盘龙,梅予锋.慢性氟中毒对大鼠硬组织氟含量的影响[J].中国医药导报,2013,10(3):29-30.
[43]Richter H,Kierdorf U,Richards A,et al.Fluoride concentration in dentine as a biomarker of fluoride intake in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) - an electron-microprobe study[J].Archives of Oral Biology,2011,56(8):785-792.
[44]Denbesten P,Li W.Chronic fluoride toxicity:dental fluorosis[J].Monogr Oral Sci,2011,22(22):81-96.
[45]吴彦秋,陈宣好,代佑罡,等.氟化钠对大鼠成骨肉瘤细胞UMR-106成骨活性标志物的影响[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(5):883-886.
[46]申旭波,周远忠,姜慧,等.亚砷酸钠对人肝细胞增殖的影响[J].遵义医学院学报,2009,32(1):26-27.