大学生手机依赖与抑郁症状及其社会支持效应修饰作用
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摘要
目的了解高校大学生手机过度使用与抑郁症状流行现况,分析二者的关联并探索社会支持对其效应修饰作用。方法选取安徽医科大学3个学院共1 265名大一～大四年级学生作为研究对象,采用青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷、抑郁自评量表、青少年社会支持量表分别调查手机依赖、抑郁症状和社会支持状况,采用χ2检验分析不同特征群体之间的差异,采用logistic回归方法分析手机依赖与抑郁症状的关联。结果大学生手机依赖、抑郁症状的检出率分别为25.4%(321/1 265)和40.8%(516/1 265)。大学生高社会支持检出率为26.3%(333/1 265),高主观支持、高客观支持和高支持利用度检出率分别9.3%(118/1 265)、28.2%(357/1 265)和29.2%(370/1 265)。在不同家庭经济情况、学习成绩、朋友数目组间,手机依赖、抑郁症状和社会支持检出率差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示,手机依赖是大学生抑郁症状的危险因素,而社会支持是抑郁症状的保护因素。在控制性别、年龄、家庭所在地、自评家庭经济条件、学习成绩、朋友数目后,相比于低社会支持组,高社会支持组手机依赖与抑郁症状的关联更小;这一关联在主观支持、客观支持和支持利用维度呈一致趋势。结论大学生手机依赖和抑郁症状呈正向关联,社会支持在二者关联中起效应修饰作用。
Objective To describe the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use, social support and depression symptoms among college students in China, and to analyze the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms and the modification effect of social support on the relationship. Methods We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey among 1 265 students selected with cluster sampling in three schools of Anhui Medical University between March and April 2016. The Self-Rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(SQAPMPU), Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and the Adolescent Social Support Scale were applied in the survey. Chisquare test was adopoted to evaluate differences in the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use, high social support and depression between different groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms. Results The detection rate of problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms were 25.4%(321/1 265) and 40.8%(516/1 265), respectively. Of all the participants, 333(26.3%)reported high social support; 118(9.3%), 357(28.2%), and 370(29.2%) reported perceived, objective, and utilization of high social support. The detection rate of problematic mobile phone use, depression symptoms and high social support differed by family economic condition, academic record, and number of friends significantly(P < 0.05 for all). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that problematic mobile phone use was a risk factor for depression symptoms,while high social support was a protective factor against depression symptoms. The correlation between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms was less strong among the participants with high social support(including perceived,objective and utilization of social support) than among those with low social support after adjusting for sex, age, residence before attending university, self-rating family economic condition, and the number of friends. Conclusion Problematic mobile phone use is positively associated with depression symptoms and the correlation could be modified by social support in college students.
Objective To describe the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use, social support and depression symptoms among college students in China, and to analyze the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms and the modification effect of social support on the relationship. Methods We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey among 1 265 students selected with cluster sampling in three schools of Anhui Medical University between March and April 2016. The Self-Rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(SQAPMPU), Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and the Adolescent Social Support Scale were applied in the survey. Chisquare test was adopoted to evaluate differences in the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use, high social support and depression between different groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms. Results The detection rate of problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms were 25.4%(321/1 265) and 40.8%(516/1 265), respectively. Of all the participants, 333(26.3%)reported high social support; 118(9.3%), 357(28.2%), and 370(29.2%) reported perceived, objective, and utilization of high social support. The detection rate of problematic mobile phone use, depression symptoms and high social support differed by family economic condition, academic record, and number of friends significantly(P < 0.05 for all). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that problematic mobile phone use was a risk factor for depression symptoms,while high social support was a protective factor against depression symptoms. The correlation between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms was less strong among the participants with high social support(including perceived,objective and utilization of social support) than among those with low social support after adjusting for sex, age, residence before attending university, self-rating family economic condition, and the number of friends. Conclusion Problematic mobile phone use is positively associated with depression symptoms and the correlation could be modified by social support in college students.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.2017年通信业统计公报[EB/OL].[2018-02].http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146290/n1146402/n1146455/c6048084/content.html.
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[5]McDonald K.Social support and mental health in LGBTQadolescents:a review of the literature[J].Issues Ment Health Nurs,2018,39(1):16-29.
[6]陶舒曼,付继玲,王惠,等.青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷编制及其在大学生中的应用[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(1):26-29.
[7]Zunh WW.A self-rating depression scale[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,1965,2:63-70.
[8]戴晓阳.常用心理评估量表手册[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2010.
[9]叶月妹,戴晓阳.大学生社会支持评定量表的编制[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16:456-458.
[10]Lopez-Fernandez O,Honrubia-Serrano L,Freixa-Blanxart M,et al.Prevalence of problematic mobile phone use in British adolescents[J].Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw,2014,17(2):91-98.
[11]Dixit S,Shukla H,Bhagwat A.A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India[J].Indian J Community Med,2010,35(2):339-341.
[12]Tao S,Wu X,Zhang Y.Effects of sleep quality on the association between problematic mobile phone use and mental health symptoms in Chinese college students[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(2):pii:E185.
[13]程月影,陈力,彭涛.大学生自我效能感、社会支持与抑郁的关系研究[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,2017,51(6):560-567.
[14]Rotenstein LS,Ramos MA,Torre M.Prevalence of depression,depressive symptoms,and suicidal ideation among medical students:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].JAMA,2016,316(21):2214-2236.
[15]Azad N,Shahid A,Abbas N.Anxiety and depression in medical students of a private medical college[J].J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad,2017,29(1):123-127.
[16]Roser K,Schoeni A,Foerster M.Problematic mobile phone use of Swiss adolescents:is it linked with mental health or behaviour?[J].Int J Public Health,2016,61(3):307-315.
[17]张媛媛,敬攀,周东升,等.中学生手机使用与抑郁状况分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(5):682-686.
[18]张媛媛,敬攀,乔正学,等.中学生焦虑状况及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(3):401-403.
[19]Demirci K,Akg?nül M,Akpinar A.Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality,depression,and anxiety in university students[J].J Behav Addict,2015,4(2):85-92.
[20]Thomee S,Harenstam A,Hagberg M.Mobile phone use and stress,sleep disturbances,and symptoms of depression among young adults-a prospective cohort study[J].BMC Public Health,2011,11:66.
[21]Munezawa T,Kaneita Y,Osaki Y,et al.The association between use of mobile phones after lights out and sleep disturbances among Japanese adolescents:a nationwide cross-sectional survey[J].Sleep,2011,34(8):1013-1020.
[22]阮鲁君,张林,李文涛.自我和谐在社会支持与网络成瘾倾向之间的中介效应[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(8):992-994.
[23]葛续华,祝卓宏.青少年社会支持与手机成瘾关系的实证研究[J].中国卫生统计,2014,31(5):830-832.
[2]Kieling C,Baker-Henningham H,Belfer M,et al.Child and adolescent mental health worldwide:evidence for action[J].Lancet,2011,378(9801):1515-1525.
[3]Ha JH,Chin B,Park DH,et al.Characteristics of excessive cellular phone use in Korean adolescents[J].Cyberpsychol Behav,2008,11(6):783-784.
[4]伍妍,邓云龙,潘辰.儿童心理虐待与情绪行为问题:社会支持的中介效应[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(4):494-495.
[5]McDonald K.Social support and mental health in LGBTQadolescents:a review of the literature[J].Issues Ment Health Nurs,2018,39(1):16-29.
[6]陶舒曼,付继玲,王惠,等.青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷编制及其在大学生中的应用[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(1):26-29.
[7]Zunh WW.A self-rating depression scale[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,1965,2:63-70.
[8]戴晓阳.常用心理评估量表手册[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2010.
[9]叶月妹,戴晓阳.大学生社会支持评定量表的编制[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16:456-458.
[10]Lopez-Fernandez O,Honrubia-Serrano L,Freixa-Blanxart M,et al.Prevalence of problematic mobile phone use in British adolescents[J].Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw,2014,17(2):91-98.
[11]Dixit S,Shukla H,Bhagwat A.A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India[J].Indian J Community Med,2010,35(2):339-341.
[12]Tao S,Wu X,Zhang Y.Effects of sleep quality on the association between problematic mobile phone use and mental health symptoms in Chinese college students[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(2):pii:E185.
[13]程月影,陈力,彭涛.大学生自我效能感、社会支持与抑郁的关系研究[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,2017,51(6):560-567.
[14]Rotenstein LS,Ramos MA,Torre M.Prevalence of depression,depressive symptoms,and suicidal ideation among medical students:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].JAMA,2016,316(21):2214-2236.
[15]Azad N,Shahid A,Abbas N.Anxiety and depression in medical students of a private medical college[J].J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad,2017,29(1):123-127.
[16]Roser K,Schoeni A,Foerster M.Problematic mobile phone use of Swiss adolescents:is it linked with mental health or behaviour?[J].Int J Public Health,2016,61(3):307-315.
[17]张媛媛,敬攀,周东升,等.中学生手机使用与抑郁状况分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(5):682-686.
[18]张媛媛,敬攀,乔正学,等.中学生焦虑状况及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(3):401-403.
[19]Demirci K,Akg?nül M,Akpinar A.Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality,depression,and anxiety in university students[J].J Behav Addict,2015,4(2):85-92.
[20]Thomee S,Harenstam A,Hagberg M.Mobile phone use and stress,sleep disturbances,and symptoms of depression among young adults-a prospective cohort study[J].BMC Public Health,2011,11:66.
[21]Munezawa T,Kaneita Y,Osaki Y,et al.The association between use of mobile phones after lights out and sleep disturbances among Japanese adolescents:a nationwide cross-sectional survey[J].Sleep,2011,34(8):1013-1020.
[22]阮鲁君,张林,李文涛.自我和谐在社会支持与网络成瘾倾向之间的中介效应[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(8):992-994.
[23]葛续华,祝卓宏.青少年社会支持与手机成瘾关系的实证研究[J].中国卫生统计,2014,31(5):830-832.