昆明市区地表径流影响因子分析
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摘要
为探索SCS模型在昆明坝区地表径流模拟中的适用性和影响因子,利用1986年、1995年、2000年、2007年、2014年昆明市区土地利用类型数据和5个气象站点的逐日降雨数据,通过修正后的SCS模型分析了昆明市区地表径流的影响因子。结果表明:(1)模拟的地表径流深度随着降雨量的增加呈极显著线性增加,且表现出丰水年>偏丰水年>平水年>偏枯水年的趋势,地表径流量最大值出现在降雨最多月份(6月或7月),月平均雨水产流次数达到20次,最小值则出现降雨较少月份(1月或12月)。(2)降雨强度在不同等级之间变化时,地表径流深度变化幅度差异较大,且随着降雨强度增大,地表径流系数呈现快速增长的趋势。单次降雨和单位毫米径流深度均表现前期土壤湿度越高,雨水产流能力则越强的趋势。(3)地表径流量随着渗透比例的减小整体呈现上升趋势,且丰水年土地利用变化对年地表径流的影响明显大于平水年和偏枯水年。
In order to explore the applicability and influence factors of surface runoff base on SCS model in Kunming dam area, based on land use data and daily rainfall data of 5 meteorological stations in Kunming City in 1986, 1995, 2000, 2007 and 2014, the influence factors on surface runoff were analyzed by modified SCS model in the urban area of Kunming City. The simulated results showed that the modeled runoff depth significantly linearly increased with the increase of rainfall, the runoff depth decreased in the order: high flow year>partial high flow year>normal flow year>Low flow year, the maximum rainfall runoff occurred in the month with most rainfall(June or July), the average monthly rainfall reached up to 20 events, the daily average runoff was 3.41 million m~3, the minimum rainfall runoff occurred in the month with Less rainfall(January or December). There were distinct variations in runoff depth when rainfall intensity varied between different rainfalls, the coefficient of surface runoff rapidly increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. In terms of single rainfall and unit millimeter rainfall, the surface runoff increased with the increase soil moisture. Surface runoff increased with decrease of proportion of permeability area, in term of annual surface runoff, land use change had more significant impact on it in wet years than that on dry years.
In order to explore the applicability and influence factors of surface runoff base on SCS model in Kunming dam area, based on land use data and daily rainfall data of 5 meteorological stations in Kunming City in 1986, 1995, 2000, 2007 and 2014, the influence factors on surface runoff were analyzed by modified SCS model in the urban area of Kunming City. The simulated results showed that the modeled runoff depth significantly linearly increased with the increase of rainfall, the runoff depth decreased in the order: high flow year>partial high flow year>normal flow year>Low flow year, the maximum rainfall runoff occurred in the month with most rainfall(June or July), the average monthly rainfall reached up to 20 events, the daily average runoff was 3.41 million m~3, the minimum rainfall runoff occurred in the month with Less rainfall(January or December). There were distinct variations in runoff depth when rainfall intensity varied between different rainfalls, the coefficient of surface runoff rapidly increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. In terms of single rainfall and unit millimeter rainfall, the surface runoff increased with the increase soil moisture. Surface runoff increased with decrease of proportion of permeability area, in term of annual surface runoff, land use change had more significant impact on it in wet years than that on dry years.
引文
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[22]王红雷,王秀茹,王希.利用SCS-CN模型方法估算流域可收集雨水资源量[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):86-91.
[23]吴志宜,余志强,朱雪坚.SCS模型在不同土地利用类型地表产流计算中的应用:以余姚地区为例[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,2016,42(2):226-230.
[24]谢长坤,蔡永立,左俊杰.基于SCS法模拟的上海郊区农田地表产流特征及原因[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(1):44-51.
[25]王红艳,张志强,查同刚,等.径流曲线数(SCS-CN)模型估算黄土高原小流域场降雨径流的改进[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):71-79.
[2]李建柱,冯平.降雨因素对大清河流域洪水径流变化影响分析[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):595-600.
[3]陈晓安,杨洁,汤崇军,等.雨强和坡度对红壤坡耕地地表径流及壤中流的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):141-146.
[4]陈晓燕,张娜,吴芳芳.降雨和土地利用对地表径流的影响:以北京北护城河周边区域为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(8):1391-1402.
[5]史培军,袁艺,陈晋.深圳市土地利用变化对流域径流的影响[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1041-1050.
[6]郑璟,方伟华,史培军,等.快速城市化地区土地利用变化对流域水文过程影响的模拟研究:以深圳市布吉河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(9):1561-1572.
[7]马亚鑫,周维博,宋扬.西安市主城区土地利用变化及其对地表径流的影响[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(5):49-54,90.
[8]Mishra S K, Singh V P. Validity and extension of the SCS-CN method for computing infiltration and rainfall-excess rates[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2010,18(17):3323-3345.
[9]Shi Z H, Chen L D, Fang N F, et al. Research on the SCS-CN initial abstraction ratio using rainfall-runoff event analysis in the three Gorges area[J]. Catena, 2009,77(1):1-7.
[10]Xiao B, Wang Q H, Fan J, et al. Application of the SCS-CN model to runoff estimation in a small watershed with high spatial heterogeneity [J]. Pedosphere, 2011,21(6):738-749.
[11]陈正维,刘兴年,朱波.基于SCS-CN模型的紫色土坡地径流预测[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):72-81.
[12]王瑾杰,丁建丽,张成,等.基于SCS模型的新疆博尔塔拉流域径流模拟[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):129-135.
[13]李子海,张秀敏.滇池流域分散园地土壤侵蚀研究[J].云南环境科学,2003,22(S1):109-110.
[14]赵磊,杨逢乐,袁国林,等.昆明市明通河流域降雨径流水量水质SWMM模型模拟[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1961-1972.
[15]赵磊,杨逢乐,王俊松,等.合流制排水系统降雨径流污染物的特性及来源[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(8):1561-1570.
[16]黄英,王杰,史正涛,等.高原盆地城市水源地脆弱性研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[17]刘志勇.昆明市城市住宅小区雨水水质特性及资源化研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2016.
[18]曹言.基于SCS模型的滇池流域雨水资源潜力估算研究[D].昆明:云南大学,2013.
[19]顾雯,李丽,石晓丹,等.改进的SCS模型在黑龙江省中小流域径流模拟中的应用[J].水文,2017,37(3):70-74.
[20]符素华,王向亮,王红叶,等.SCS-CN径流模型中CN值确定方法研究[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(3):415-420.
[21]曹言,柴素盈,王杰,等.昆明市土地利用变化对地表径流的影响[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(8):22-25.
[22]王红雷,王秀茹,王希.利用SCS-CN模型方法估算流域可收集雨水资源量[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):86-91.
[23]吴志宜,余志强,朱雪坚.SCS模型在不同土地利用类型地表产流计算中的应用:以余姚地区为例[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,2016,42(2):226-230.
[24]谢长坤,蔡永立,左俊杰.基于SCS法模拟的上海郊区农田地表产流特征及原因[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(1):44-51.
[25]王红艳,张志强,查同刚,等.径流曲线数(SCS-CN)模型估算黄土高原小流域场降雨径流的改进[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):71-79.