基于有限元法的电力变压器绕组集总参数电路仿真建模
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摘要
频率响应法常与变压器绕组等值电路结合起来共同分析变压器的频响机理和绕组状态,而绕组建模是必要的基础性工作。为此,提出了一种基于有限元法的变压器绕组建模方法。利用有限元仿真软件ANSYS Maxwell建立了电力变压器(容量为400kVA,连接组别为YNyn0)的有限元模型,结合推导的基于单饼的变压器绕组纠结和顺序缠绕方式的等值纵向电容计算方法,求解得到了变压器的主要电气参数并搭建了绕组的等值集总参数电路,然后对健康和饼间短路故障绕组进行了仿真和实测研究。研究结果表明:缠绕方式是绕组建模需要考虑的一个重要影响因素;健康绕组和短路故障绕组所得仿真和实测扫频频响曲线走势均大体一致,部分谐振点谐振频率几乎重合,前者第3、4、6、7个谐振峰值和第2、4、6、7、9个谐振谷值对应频率基本一致,最大误差为6.76%,验证了电路模型以及计算方法的正确性。该建模方法具有直观、方便、简单的特点,后期可用于探索研究更多变压器绕组变形,辅助实现故障模式识别等。
Equivalent circuit of transformer winding is usually combined with the frequency response method to analyze the frequency response mechanism and winding condition. The modeling of winding is a necessary basic work. Therefore, we proposed a modeling method of transformer winding based on finite element method. The finite element simulation software ANSYS Maxwell was used to establish an actual power transformer(400 k VA, YNyn0) model. The computational methods of equivalent longitudinal capacitance based on single disk of interleaved winding and sequential winding were deduced. Combined the model and the algorithm, main circuit parameters of the transformer were calculated, and an equivalent lumped parameter circuit of the high voltage winding was built. Moreover, healthy and short circuit fault windings were simulated and experimentally researched. The research results show that the winding mode is an important factor to be considered in winding modeling. The trends of simulated and measured sweep frequency response curves of the health winding and short circuit fault winding are approximately identical, part of the resonant frequencies of the resonant points are almost coincident. The third, fourth, sixth, seventh resonant peaks and the second, fourth, sixth, seventh, ninth resonant valleys of simulated frequency response curves are consistent respectively with the maximum error of 6.76%. The correctness of circuit model and computational method are verified. This modeling method is intuitive, convenient, simple, and can not only be used to explore more transformer winding deformations, but also assist in the realization of fault pattern recognition in the future.
Equivalent circuit of transformer winding is usually combined with the frequency response method to analyze the frequency response mechanism and winding condition. The modeling of winding is a necessary basic work. Therefore, we proposed a modeling method of transformer winding based on finite element method. The finite element simulation software ANSYS Maxwell was used to establish an actual power transformer(400 k VA, YNyn0) model. The computational methods of equivalent longitudinal capacitance based on single disk of interleaved winding and sequential winding were deduced. Combined the model and the algorithm, main circuit parameters of the transformer were calculated, and an equivalent lumped parameter circuit of the high voltage winding was built. Moreover, healthy and short circuit fault windings were simulated and experimentally researched. The research results show that the winding mode is an important factor to be considered in winding modeling. The trends of simulated and measured sweep frequency response curves of the health winding and short circuit fault winding are approximately identical, part of the resonant frequencies of the resonant points are almost coincident. The third, fourth, sixth, seventh resonant peaks and the second, fourth, sixth, seventh, ninth resonant valleys of simulated frequency response curves are consistent respectively with the maximum error of 6.76%. The correctness of circuit model and computational method are verified. This modeling method is intuitive, convenient, simple, and can not only be used to explore more transformer winding deformations, but also assist in the realization of fault pattern recognition in the future.
引文
[1]NADERI M S,VAKILIAN M,BLACKBURN T,et al.A comparision between partial discharge propagation in multiple and single transformer winding[C]∥Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Expo.Indianapolis,America:IEEE,2005:108-111.
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[8]姚陈果,赵仲勇,李成祥,等.基于暂态过电压特性的电力变压器绕组变形故障在线检测[J].高电压技术,2016,41(3):873-880.YAO Chenguo,ZHAO Zhongyong,LI Chengxiang,et al.Online detecting winding deformation of power transformer based on transient overvoltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,41(3):873-880.
[9]孙翔,何文林,詹江杨,等.电力变压器绕组变形检测与诊断技术的现状与发展[J].高电压技术,2016,39(1):1-14.SUN Xiang,HE Wenling,ZHAN Jiangyang,et al.Current status and development of transformer winding deformation detection and diagnosis technology[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,39(1):1-14.
[10]徐希强.特高压电力变压器绕组波过程计算与仿真软件开发[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2011.XU Xiqiang.Winding wave process calculation and development of simulation software for extra high voltage power transformer[D].Shenyang,China:Shenyang University of Technology,2011.
[11]李彤.电力变压器绕组变形故障特性仿真及监测研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.LI Tong.Research on simulation and monitoring of transformer winding deformation fault characteristics[D].Chengdu,China:Southwest Jiaotong University,2015.
[12]BAGHERI M,PHUNG B T,BLACKBURN T.Transformer frequency response analysis:mathematical and practical approach to interpret mid-frequency oscillations[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(6):1962-1970.
[13]武剑利.频响分析法检测变压器绕组变形的理论研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.WU Jianli.The theoretical study of detecting transformer winding deformation by frequency response analysis method[D].Wuhan,China:Wuhan University University,2004.
[14]张喜乐,梁贵书,董华英,等.变压器绕组的特快速暂态建模[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(3):55-59,78.ZHANG Xile,LIANG Guishu,DONG Huaying,et al.Fast transient modeling of transformer winding[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(3):55-59,78.
[15]YOUSOF M F M,EKANAYAKE C,SAHA T K,et al.A study on suitability of different transformer winding models for frequency response analysis[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.San Diego,America:IEEE,2012:1-8.
[16]HASHEMNIA N,ABU-SIADA A,ISLAM S.Improved power transformer winding fault detection using FRA diagnostics part 1:axial displacement simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):556-563.
[17]HASHEMNIA N,ABU-SIADA A,ISLAM S.Improved power transformer winding fault detection using FRA diagnostics part 2:radial deformation simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):564-570.
[18]HASHEMNIA N.Characterization of power transformer frequency response signature[D].Perth,Australia:Curtin University,2014.
[19]HASHEMNIA N,ABU-SIADA A,ISLAM S.Detection of power transformer bushing faults and oil[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(6):222-229.
[20]鲁非,金雷,阮羚,等.电力变压器轴向位移故障诊断方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2916-2921.LU Fei,JIN Lei,RUAN Ling,et al.Axial displacement fault diagnosis method for power transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2916-2921.
[21]赵博,张洪亮.Ansoft 12在工程电磁场中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.ZHAO Bo,ZHANG Hongliang.Application of Ansoft 12 in engineering electromagnetic field[M].Beijing,China:China Water Power Press,2010.
[22]陈晓晗.基于有限元法的电力变压器绕组变形检测与识别的仿真研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.CHEN Xiaohan.Simulation study on detection and identification of winding deformation of power transformer based on finite element method[D].Chongqing,China:Chongqing University,2015.
[23]刘传彝,侯世勇,许长华,等.电力变压器设计与计算(42)[J].变压器,2014,51(7):43-48.LIU Chuanyi,HOU Shiyong,XU changhua,et al.Design and calculation of power transformer(42)[J].Transformer,2014,51(7):43-48.
[24]ABU-SIADA A,HASHEMNIA N,ISLAM S,et al.Understanding power transformer frequency response analysis signatures[J].IEEEElectrical Insulation Magazine,2013,29(3):48-56.
[2]诸兵,曾雪梅,黄晓艳,等.变压器绕组变形监测的研究现状综述[J].四川电力技术,2009,32(3):48-53.ZHU Bing,ZENG Xuemei,HUANG Xiaoyan,et al.Research status of transformer winding deformation monitoring[J].Sichuan Electric Power Technology,2009,32(3):48-53.
[3]CHRISTIAN J,FESER K.Procedures for detecting winding displacements in power transformers by the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):214-220.
[4]RAHIMPOUR E,CHRISTIAN J,FESER K,et al.Transfer function method to diagnose axial displacement and radial deformation of transformer windings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003,18(2):493-505.
[5]DICK E P,ERVEN C C.Transformer diagnostic testing by frequency response analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1978,97(6):2144-2153.
[6]赵仲勇,姚陈果,李成祥,等.基于短时傅里叶变换的变压器绕组变形脉冲频率响应曲线获取方法研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):241-247.ZHAO Zhongyong,YAO Chenguo,LI Chengxiang,et al.Research on acquisition method of transformer winding deformation pulse frequency response curve based on short time Fourier transform[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):241-247.
[7]尹磊.变压器绕组变形的在线监测研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.YIN Lei.Study on online monitoring of transformer windings deformation[D].Beijing,China:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.
[8]姚陈果,赵仲勇,李成祥,等.基于暂态过电压特性的电力变压器绕组变形故障在线检测[J].高电压技术,2016,41(3):873-880.YAO Chenguo,ZHAO Zhongyong,LI Chengxiang,et al.Online detecting winding deformation of power transformer based on transient overvoltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,41(3):873-880.
[9]孙翔,何文林,詹江杨,等.电力变压器绕组变形检测与诊断技术的现状与发展[J].高电压技术,2016,39(1):1-14.SUN Xiang,HE Wenling,ZHAN Jiangyang,et al.Current status and development of transformer winding deformation detection and diagnosis technology[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,39(1):1-14.
[10]徐希强.特高压电力变压器绕组波过程计算与仿真软件开发[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2011.XU Xiqiang.Winding wave process calculation and development of simulation software for extra high voltage power transformer[D].Shenyang,China:Shenyang University of Technology,2011.
[11]李彤.电力变压器绕组变形故障特性仿真及监测研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.LI Tong.Research on simulation and monitoring of transformer winding deformation fault characteristics[D].Chengdu,China:Southwest Jiaotong University,2015.
[12]BAGHERI M,PHUNG B T,BLACKBURN T.Transformer frequency response analysis:mathematical and practical approach to interpret mid-frequency oscillations[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(6):1962-1970.
[13]武剑利.频响分析法检测变压器绕组变形的理论研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.WU Jianli.The theoretical study of detecting transformer winding deformation by frequency response analysis method[D].Wuhan,China:Wuhan University University,2004.
[14]张喜乐,梁贵书,董华英,等.变压器绕组的特快速暂态建模[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(3):55-59,78.ZHANG Xile,LIANG Guishu,DONG Huaying,et al.Fast transient modeling of transformer winding[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(3):55-59,78.
[15]YOUSOF M F M,EKANAYAKE C,SAHA T K,et al.A study on suitability of different transformer winding models for frequency response analysis[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.San Diego,America:IEEE,2012:1-8.
[16]HASHEMNIA N,ABU-SIADA A,ISLAM S.Improved power transformer winding fault detection using FRA diagnostics part 1:axial displacement simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):556-563.
[17]HASHEMNIA N,ABU-SIADA A,ISLAM S.Improved power transformer winding fault detection using FRA diagnostics part 2:radial deformation simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):564-570.
[18]HASHEMNIA N.Characterization of power transformer frequency response signature[D].Perth,Australia:Curtin University,2014.
[19]HASHEMNIA N,ABU-SIADA A,ISLAM S.Detection of power transformer bushing faults and oil[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(6):222-229.
[20]鲁非,金雷,阮羚,等.电力变压器轴向位移故障诊断方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2916-2921.LU Fei,JIN Lei,RUAN Ling,et al.Axial displacement fault diagnosis method for power transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2916-2921.
[21]赵博,张洪亮.Ansoft 12在工程电磁场中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.ZHAO Bo,ZHANG Hongliang.Application of Ansoft 12 in engineering electromagnetic field[M].Beijing,China:China Water Power Press,2010.
[22]陈晓晗.基于有限元法的电力变压器绕组变形检测与识别的仿真研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.CHEN Xiaohan.Simulation study on detection and identification of winding deformation of power transformer based on finite element method[D].Chongqing,China:Chongqing University,2015.
[23]刘传彝,侯世勇,许长华,等.电力变压器设计与计算(42)[J].变压器,2014,51(7):43-48.LIU Chuanyi,HOU Shiyong,XU changhua,et al.Design and calculation of power transformer(42)[J].Transformer,2014,51(7):43-48.
[24]ABU-SIADA A,HASHEMNIA N,ISLAM S,et al.Understanding power transformer frequency response analysis signatures[J].IEEEElectrical Insulation Magazine,2013,29(3):48-56.