不同模拟酸雨处理对秃瓣杜英幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽法研究不同酸度酸雨和不同酸雨淋灌方式对秃瓣杜英幼苗的生长量和生理生态的影响.结果表明:(1)在酸度为pH 2.5的酸雨处理下,地上淋灌组的地径生长受到显著抑制,而pH 5.6的酸雨则显著抑制全淋组的地径生长.不同酸度酸雨对植物生长均有部分抑制作用且抑制机理有所不同.(2)酸雨对叶绿素a有显著的抑制作用,对其他叶绿素指标无显著影响.pH 2.5酸雨处理下,地下淋灌组和全淋组叶绿素a受到显著抑制,pH 5.6处理下则只有全淋组的叶绿素a受到显著抑制.(3) pH 2.5酸雨处理下,3种淋灌方式对秃瓣杜英丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响均显著大于对照,且随时间的延长先升高后降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈下降趋势,且11月各组差异显著;而pH 5.6酸雨处理下,幼苗膜透性和MDA含量随时间的推移不断提高,POD活性则不断下降.
To determine the effect of acid rainfall on plants,Eleocarpus glabripetalus seedlings planted in pot were applied with 2 levels of simulated acid rainfall( pH 2.5 and pH 5.6) to aboveground part of the seedlings only( T1),underground part( T2) and both parts( T3). The results showed that diameters of seedlings from T1 were negatively affected under pH 2.5 which was considered severe acid rain while those from T3 were inhibited under pH 5.6,suggesting that acid rain impairs plant growth despite its acidity though the mechanism is different. Acid rain inhibited chlorophyll a content but other chlorophyll parameters remained the same.Chlorophyll a content was significantly inhibited in T2 and T3 under pH 2.5 and it was only inhibited in T3 under pH 5.6. Under pH 2.5,malondialdehyde( MDA) contens from all treatment groups were significantly higher than the control and they generally increased and then dropped along the experiment. Peroxidase( POD) levels dropped and they varied significantly in December. Similarly,under pH 5.6,membrane permeability and MDA increased while POD levels gradually declined.
To determine the effect of acid rainfall on plants,Eleocarpus glabripetalus seedlings planted in pot were applied with 2 levels of simulated acid rainfall( pH 2.5 and pH 5.6) to aboveground part of the seedlings only( T1),underground part( T2) and both parts( T3). The results showed that diameters of seedlings from T1 were negatively affected under pH 2.5 which was considered severe acid rain while those from T3 were inhibited under pH 5.6,suggesting that acid rain impairs plant growth despite its acidity though the mechanism is different. Acid rain inhibited chlorophyll a content but other chlorophyll parameters remained the same.Chlorophyll a content was significantly inhibited in T2 and T3 under pH 2.5 and it was only inhibited in T3 under pH 5.6. Under pH 2.5,malondialdehyde( MDA) contens from all treatment groups were significantly higher than the control and they generally increased and then dropped along the experiment. Peroxidase( POD) levels dropped and they varied significantly in December. Similarly,under pH 5.6,membrane permeability and MDA increased while POD levels gradually declined.
引文
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[28]李学刚,宋宪亮,孙学振,等.控释氮肥对棉花叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):656-662.
[29]廖迎春,王辉民,樊后保,等.模拟氮沉降对水稻生长、产量及光合特性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(1):10-15.
[30]朱英华,屠乃关,肖汉乾,等.硫对烟草叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1 000-1 005.
[31]LI M Y,WANG J,WANG Z X,et al. Photosynthetic characteristics,biomass allocation,C,N and P distribution of Schima superba seedlings in response to simulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(5):1 569-1 577.
[32]童贯和,刘天骄,黄伟.模拟酸雨及其酸化土壤对小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化水平的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1 509-1 516.
[2]黄立丹,张日佳,张立峰,等.杭州地区酸雨分布特征及影响因素[J].气象科技,2013,41(6):1 138-1 146.
[3]邱栋梁,刘星辉.酸雨对园艺植物危害机理的研究进展[J].福建农业大学学报,1999,28(1):28-32.
[4]SINGH A,AGRAWAL M. Acid rain and its ecological consequences[J]. Journal of Environmental Biology,2008,29(1):15-24.
[5]BELLANI L M,RINALLO C,MUCCIFORA S,et al. Effects of simulated acid rain on pollen physiology and ultrastructure in the apple[J]. Environmental Pollution,1997,95(3):357-62.
[6]田大伦,黄智勇,付晓萍,等.模拟酸雨对盆栽樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):1 099-1 105.
[7]周光益,田大伦,杨乐苏,等.酸雨胁迫下乡土植物根际土壤的化学行为[J].林业科学,2009,45(11):161-166.
[8]汪赛,伊力塔,余树全,等.模拟酸雨对青冈光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(8):2 183-2 192.
[9]冯丽丽,姚芳芳,王希华,等.低硫氮比酸雨对亚热带典型树种气体交换和质膜的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1 911-1 917.
[10]郭凯,江洪,陶欣桐,等.模拟3种类型酸雨对木荷光合生理特性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2013(4):18-22.
[11]刘可慧,彭少麟,莫江明,等.酸沉降对森林植物影响过程和机理[J].生态环境学报,2005,14(6):953-960.
[12]殷秀敏,余树全,江洪,等.酸雨胁迫对秃瓣杜英幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性和生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(6):1 374-1 380.
[13]汤章城.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:302-303.
[14]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:210-211.
[15]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:67-75.
[16]郑炳松.现代植物生理生化研究技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:307.
[17]张晓春,李邨,陆天虹,等.镧离子对植物体内过氧化物酶活性的影响[J].无机化学学报,2003,19(12):1 285-1 289.
[18]徐建兴.呼吸链电子漏在细胞凋亡中的作用[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2003,30(4):655-657.
[19]姚兆斌,江洪,余树全,等.模拟酸雨胁迫对杨梅幼苗水分生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(8):1 967-1 974.
[20]李佳,江洪,余树全,等.模拟酸雨胁迫对青冈幼苗光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2 092-2 096.
[21]陶巧静,付涛,项锡娜,等.模拟酸雨对西洋杜鹃生理生态特性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):2 020-2 027.
[22]FAN H. Effects of simulated acid rain on seedling growth of five hardwood species[J]. Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,1996,16(4):289-292.
[23]吴茜,丁佳,闫慧,等.模拟降水变化和土壤施氮对浙江古田山5个树种幼苗生长和生物量的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(3):256-267.
[24]邓斌,曾德慧.添加氮肥对沙地樟子松幼苗生物量分配与叶片生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1 312-1 317.
[25]江俐妮,魏红旭,刘勇,等.长白落叶松播种苗根系形态可塑性与氮素空间异质性关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(1):24-27.
[26]张蕊,王艺,金国庆,等.施氮对木荷3个种源幼苗根系发育和氮磷效率的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(12):3 611-3 621.
[27]鞠正春,于振文.追施氮肥时期对冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(3):395-398.
[28]李学刚,宋宪亮,孙学振,等.控释氮肥对棉花叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):656-662.
[29]廖迎春,王辉民,樊后保,等.模拟氮沉降对水稻生长、产量及光合特性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(1):10-15.
[30]朱英华,屠乃关,肖汉乾,等.硫对烟草叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1 000-1 005.
[31]LI M Y,WANG J,WANG Z X,et al. Photosynthetic characteristics,biomass allocation,C,N and P distribution of Schima superba seedlings in response to simulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(5):1 569-1 577.
[32]童贯和,刘天骄,黄伟.模拟酸雨及其酸化土壤对小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化水平的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1 509-1 516.