分布式电站宽频域谐振机理分析及阻抗协调构造方法
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摘要
分布式电站内部网络普遍存在宽频域阻抗耦合,具备宽频域谐振条件,且在分布式发电单元发射的宽频、高次谐波电流的影响下,极易放大特征谐波电流。该文旨在揭示此类型电站宽频域谐波谐振现象并解决此问题,建立典型分布式电站阻抗模型;分析电站宽频域谐振带的分布特征,并按激发因素的差异对谐振带进行归类;设计一种包含有源及无源阻尼装置的阻抗协调构造方法,实现对电站宽频域谐振阻尼效果。仿真和实验结果表明:1)谐波电流在传播过程中存在劣化趋势;2)电站存在以集电馈线为单元之间的阻抗耦合引起的宽频域谐振;3)所提出的阻抗构造方法能够降低电站与配电网之间、集电馈线为单元之间的阻抗耦合程度,满足电站谐波谐振治理需求。
Impedance coupling in wide frequency domain is generally existed within the network of distributed power plants, which has the potential for wide frequency resonance. And the characteristic harmonic currents could be magnified under the impact of the wide frequency and high order harmonic currents supplied by distributed generation units. For the sake of exploring wide frequency harmonic resonance phenomena as well as resolving these problems, an impedance model for a typical distributed power plant, firstly, was established. Secondly, the distribution of these resonance bands was explicitly investigated and the types of them were classified in terms of different mechanisms. Next, an impedance shaping method, which coordinated an active damping device and a passive damping device, was proposed to damp wide frequency resonance. Finally, some simulation and experimental results are indicated that: 1) the deterioration tendency of harmonic currents does exist during the propagation along the feeders; 2) the impedance coupling among the network units of each collector feeder could cause the wide frequency resonance. 3) the proposed impedance shaping method is capable of reducing the impedance coupling not only between the plant and the distributed grid but also among the network units with regard to each collector feeder. Also, the demands for harmonic resonance control of the plants could be fulfilled.
Impedance coupling in wide frequency domain is generally existed within the network of distributed power plants, which has the potential for wide frequency resonance. And the characteristic harmonic currents could be magnified under the impact of the wide frequency and high order harmonic currents supplied by distributed generation units. For the sake of exploring wide frequency harmonic resonance phenomena as well as resolving these problems, an impedance model for a typical distributed power plant, firstly, was established. Secondly, the distribution of these resonance bands was explicitly investigated and the types of them were classified in terms of different mechanisms. Next, an impedance shaping method, which coordinated an active damping device and a passive damping device, was proposed to damp wide frequency resonance. Finally, some simulation and experimental results are indicated that: 1) the deterioration tendency of harmonic currents does exist during the propagation along the feeders; 2) the impedance coupling among the network units of each collector feeder could cause the wide frequency resonance. 3) the proposed impedance shaping method is capable of reducing the impedance coupling not only between the plant and the distributed grid but also among the network units with regard to each collector feeder. Also, the demands for harmonic resonance control of the plants could be fulfilled.
引文
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[16]孙振奥,杨子龙,王一波,等.光伏并网逆变器集群的谐振原因及其抑制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):418-452.Sun Zhen’ao,Yang Zilong,Wang Yibo,et al.The cause analysis and suppression method of resonances in clustered grid-connected photovoltaic inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):418-425(in Chinese).
[17]许德志,汪飞,毛华龙,等.多并网逆变器与电网的谐波交互建模与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(12):64-71.Xu Dezhi,Wang Fei,Mao Hualong,et al.Modeling and analysis of harmonic interaction between multiple grid-connected inverters and the utility grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(12):64-71(in Chinese).
[18]Kunjumuhammed L P,Pal B C,Oates C,et al.The adequacy of the present practice in dynamic aggregated modeling of wind farm systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,8(1):23-32.
[19]Hasan K N B M,Rauma K,Luna A,et al.Harmonic compensation analysis in offshore wind power plants using hybrid filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(3):2050-2060.
[20]Sun Jian.Impedance-based stability criterion for gridconnected inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3075-3078.
[2]谢宁,罗安,陈燕东,等.大型光伏电站动态建模及谐波特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(36):10-17.Xie Ning,Luo An,Chen Yandong,et al.Dynamic modeling and characteristic analysis on harmonics of photovoltaic power stations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(36):10-17(in Chinese).
[3]He Jinwei,Li Yunwei,Bosnjak D,et al.Investigation and active damping of multiple resonances in a parallel-inverter-based microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(1):234-245.
[4]匡慧敏,罗安,陈智勇,等.多逆变器并网耦合谐振机理及有源阻尼优化方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):1180-1189.Kuang Huimin,Luo An,Chen Zhiyong,et al.Coupling resonances mechanism of grid-connected multi-parallel inverters and its active damping parameter optimal method[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):1180-1189(in Chinese).
[5]潘冬华,阮新波,王学华,等.提高LCL型并网逆变器鲁棒性的电容电流即时反馈有源阻尼方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(18):1-10.Pan Donghua,Ruan Xinbo,Wang Xuehua,et al.Acapacitor-current real-time feedback active damping method for improving robustness of the LCL-type grid-connected inverter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(18):1-10(in Chinese).
[6]Lu Haiyan,Zhu Jianguo,Hui S Y R.Experimental determination of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(5):1105-1112.
[7]Zhang Shao,Jiang Shuai,Lu Xi,et al.Resonance issues and damping techniques for grid-connected inverters with long transmission cable[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(1):110-120.
[8]曾正,赵荣祥,吕志鹏,等.光伏并网逆变器的阻抗重塑与谐波谐振抑制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4547-4558.Zeng Zheng,Zhao Rongxiang,LüZhipeng,et al.Impedance reshaping of grid-tied inverters to damp the series and parallel harmonic resonances of photovoltaic systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4547-4558(in Chinese).
[9]He Jinwei,Li Yunwei.Generalized closed-loop control schemes with embedded virtual impedances for voltage source converters with LC or LCL filters[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(4):1850-1861.
[10]Wang Xiongfei,Blaabjerg F,Liserre M,et al.An active damper for stabilizing power-electronics-based ACsystems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(7):3318-3329.
[11]Wang Xiongfei,Pang Ying,Loh P C,et al.Aseries-LC-filtered active damper with grid disturbance rejection for AC power-electronics-based power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(8):4037-4041.
[12]Bradt M,Badrzadeh B,Camm E,et al.Harmonics and resonance issues in wind power plants[C]//2011 IEEEPower and Energy Society General Meeting.Detroit,MI,USA,USA:IEEE,2011:1-8.
[13]谢宁,罗安,马伏军,等.大型光伏电站与电网谐波交互影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):9-16.Xie Ning,Luo An,Ma Fujun,et al.Harmonic interaction between large-scale photovoltaic power stations and grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(34):9-16(in Chinese).
[14]帅智康,肖凡,涂春鸣,等.宽频域谐波谐振劣化机理及其抑制措施[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(12):16-23.Shuai Zhikang,Xiao Fan,Tu Chunming,et al.Resonance degradation mechanism of wide-band frequency harmonics and the elimination strategy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(12):16-23(in Chinese).
[15]Agorreta J L,Borrega M,Lopez J,et al.Modeling and control of N-paralleled grid-connected inverters with LCLfilter coupled due to grid impedance in PV plants[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(3):770-785.
[16]孙振奥,杨子龙,王一波,等.光伏并网逆变器集群的谐振原因及其抑制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):418-452.Sun Zhen’ao,Yang Zilong,Wang Yibo,et al.The cause analysis and suppression method of resonances in clustered grid-connected photovoltaic inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):418-425(in Chinese).
[17]许德志,汪飞,毛华龙,等.多并网逆变器与电网的谐波交互建模与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(12):64-71.Xu Dezhi,Wang Fei,Mao Hualong,et al.Modeling and analysis of harmonic interaction between multiple grid-connected inverters and the utility grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(12):64-71(in Chinese).
[18]Kunjumuhammed L P,Pal B C,Oates C,et al.The adequacy of the present practice in dynamic aggregated modeling of wind farm systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,8(1):23-32.
[19]Hasan K N B M,Rauma K,Luna A,et al.Harmonic compensation analysis in offshore wind power plants using hybrid filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(3):2050-2060.
[20]Sun Jian.Impedance-based stability criterion for gridconnected inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3075-3078.