微网逆变器低电压穿越控制策略
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摘要
微网逆变器一般采用下垂控制或虚拟同步机控制,其低电压穿越方式及特性与基于PQ控制的逆变器不同。下垂控制或虚拟同步机控制的逆变器低电压穿越的主要问题是在故障期间逆变器电压与电网电压之间不断产生相位的偏移,该相位偏移会严重影响并网电流恢复的速度。针对上述问题,提出一种在故障期间对功角等变量进行记忆保持的策略,使变量在故障前后基本保持一致,以实现故障后系统的快速恢复。针对故障期间产生的负序分量,采用在双同步旋转坐标系下对正、负序电流进行独立控制并引入电网电压前馈的方法。仿真和实验均验证了控制策略的正确性和有效性。
The microgrid inverter is generally controlled by droop controller or virtual synchronous generator,and the methods and characteristics of low voltage ride-through(LVRT)are different from inverters with PQcontroller.The main problem of the LVRT strategy of the microgrid inverter is phase shift between the inverter voltage and the grid voltage during the fault,which would greatly affect the recovery speed of the grid-connected current.To solve the problems above,a strategy for memory retention of variables such as power angle during faults is proposed so that the variables before and after the fault are basically consistent to achieve rapid recovery of the system after the fault.The positive and negative sequence currents are separately controlled in the double synchronous rotating coordinate system and the forward feeding of the grid voltage is introduced to eliminate the negative sequence component during faults.Both the simulation and the experiment verify the correctness and effectiveness of the control strategy.
The microgrid inverter is generally controlled by droop controller or virtual synchronous generator,and the methods and characteristics of low voltage ride-through(LVRT)are different from inverters with PQcontroller.The main problem of the LVRT strategy of the microgrid inverter is phase shift between the inverter voltage and the grid voltage during the fault,which would greatly affect the recovery speed of the grid-connected current.To solve the problems above,a strategy for memory retention of variables such as power angle during faults is proposed so that the variables before and after the fault are basically consistent to achieve rapid recovery of the system after the fault.The positive and negative sequence currents are separately controlled in the double synchronous rotating coordinate system and the forward feeding of the grid voltage is introduced to eliminate the negative sequence component during faults.Both the simulation and the experiment verify the correctness and effectiveness of the control strategy.
引文
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[2]李培强,曾小军,李欣然,等.基于神经网络的分布式电源统一等效建模及其在PSASP中的应用[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):1224-1230.LI Peiqiang,ZENG Xiaojun,LI Xinran,et al.Unified equivalent modeling of distributed generation using artificial neural network and its application in PSASP[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):1224-1230.
[3]刘健,黄炜.分布式光伏电源与负荷分布接近条件下的可接入容量分析[J].电网技术,2015,39(2):299-306.LIU Jian,HUANG Wei.Analysis on grid-connectible capacity of distributed PV generation in case of PV generation distribution close to load distribution[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(2):299-306.
[4]徐海亮,章玮,贺益康,等.双馈型风电机组低电压穿越技术要点及展望[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(20):8-15.XU Hailiang,ZHANG Wei,HE Yikang,et al.A review on low voltage ride-through technologies and prospect for DFIG wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(20):8-15.
[5]杨堤,程浩忠,马紫峰,等.基于储能技术提高风电机组低电压穿越能力的分析和展望[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(12):1-10.YANG Di,CHENG Haozhong,MA Zifeng,et al.Analysis and prospect of LVRT improvement based on energy storage technology for wind turbine generator system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(12):1-10.
[6]孟永庆,翁钰,王锡凡,等.双馈感应发电机暂态性能精确计算及Crowbar电路参数优化[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(8):23-29.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130818001.MENG Yongqing,WENG Yu,WANG Xifan,et al.Accurate calculation of DFIG transient performance and parameters optimization of Crowbar circuit[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(8):23-29.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130818001.
[7]张曼,姜惠兰.基于撬棒并联动态电阻的自适应双馈风力发电机低电压穿越[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):271-278.ZHANG Man,JIANG Huilan.Adaptive low voltage ridethrough of doubly-fed induction generators based on Crowbar with a parallel dynamic resistor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):271-278.
[8]沙欧,孙玉坤,张亮,等.基于超级电容储能的动态电压恢复器研究[J].电测与仪表,2014,51(13):98-102.SHA Ou,SUN Yukun,ZHANG Liang,et al.Research on dynamic voltage restorer based on supercapacitor energy storage[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2014,51(13):98-102.
[9]凌峰,李九虎,田杰,等.适用于双回线路的统一潮流控制器系统结构优化分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(21):113-119.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20141115002.LING Feng,LI Jiuhu,TIAN Jie,et al.Optimization analysis of UPFC system structure for double-circuit lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):113-119.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20141115002.
[10]翦志强,司徒琴.三相电压不对称跌落光伏并网逆变器控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(14):126-130.JIAN Zhiqiang,SITU Qin.Control method of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under three-phase voltage unbalanced dips[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(14):126-130.
[11]周皓,童朝南,李江昀,等.三电平光伏并网逆变器低电压穿越的控制策略[J].太阳能学报,2016,37(7):1788-1796.ZHOU Hao,TONG Chaonan,LI Jiangyun,et al.LVRTcontrol strategy of three-level grid-connected PV inverter[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2016,37(7):1788-1796.
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[13]徐良,韩民晓.电网电压不对称工况下微网的低电压穿越控制策略[J].大功率变流技术,2016(3):36-39.XU Liang,HAN Minxiao.Control strategy of low-voltage ride-through for micro-grid under asymmetric grid voltage[J].High Power Converter Technology,2016(3):36-39.
[14]张静,任国臣,陈一鹏,等.基于改进准PR控制的光伏并网电流控制器研究[J].辽宁工业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(1):19-23.ZHANG Jing,REN Guochen,CHEN Yipeng,et al.Research on photovoltaic grid-connected current controller based on improved quasi-PR control[J].Journal of Liaoning University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2018,38(1):19-23.
[15]马聪,高峰,李瑞生,等.新能源并网发电系统低电压穿越与孤岛同步检测的无功功率扰动算法[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1406-1414.MA Cong,GAO Feng,LI Ruisheng,et al.Research power perturbation method for simultaneous low voltage ride-through and islanding detection of grid-tied renewable energy generation systems[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1406-1414.
[16]贾利虎,朱永强,孙小燕,等.基于模型电流预测控制的光伏电站低电压穿越控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(7):68-74.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140319012.JIA Lihu,ZHU Yongqiang,SUN Xiaoyan,et al.A control method of low voltage ride through for photovoltaic plant based on model current predictive control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(7):68-74.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140319012.
[17]纪竹童,周娜娜,赵品,等.光伏逆变器低电压穿越控制策略研究[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(5):176-180.JI Zhutong,ZHOU Nana,ZHAO Pin,et al.Study on low voltage-ride-through control strategy of photovoltaic inverter[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(5):176-180.
[18]陈亚爱,刘劲东,周京华.太阳能并网逆变器故障穿越控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3405-3412.CHEN Yaai,LIU Jingdong,ZHOU Jinghua.Fault ridethrough control strategy for solar grid-connected inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3405-3412.
[19]朱珊珊,汪飞,郭慧,等.直流微电网下垂控制技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):72-84.ZHU Shanshan,WANG Fei,GUO Hui,et al.Overview of droop control in DC microgrid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):72-84.
[20]唐酿,盛超,陈萌,等.虚拟同步发电机技术综述[J].南方电网技术,2016,10(11):30-38.TANG Niang,SHENG Chao,CHEN Meng,et al.Review on virtual synchronous generator technologies[J].Southern Power System Technology,2016,10(11):30-38.
[21]何安然,侯凯,王小红,等.不对称条件下的储能虚拟同步机低电压穿越控制技术[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(10):1-7.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170605004.HE Anran,HOU Kai,WANG Xiaohong,et al.A low-voltage ride through control technique for energy storage virtual synchronizer under asymmetric condition[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(10):1-7.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170605004.
[22]陈天一,陈来军,郑天文,等.基于模式平滑切换的虚拟同步发电机低电压穿越控制方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2134-2140.CHEN Tianyi,CHEN Laijun,ZHENG Tianwen,et al.LVRTcontrol method of virtual synchronous generator based on mode smooth switching[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2134-2140.
[23]胡文强,吴在军,窦晓波,等.负荷虚拟同步机及其低电压故障穿越控制[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):1-8.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115010.HU Wenqiang,WU Zaijun,DOU Xiaobo,et al.Load virtual synchronous machine and its low voltage ride-through control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):1-8.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115010.
[24]SHI Kai,SONG Wentao,XU Peifeng,et al.Low-voltage ridethrough control strategy for a virtual synchronous generator based on smooth switching[J].IEEE Access,2018(6):2703-2711.
[25]D’ARCO S,SUUL J A.Equivalence of virtual synchronous machines and frequency-droops for converter-based microgrids[J].IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid,2014,5(1):394-395.
[26]陈天一,陈来军,汪雨辰,等.考虑不平衡电网电压的虚拟同步发电机平衡电流控制方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):904-909.CHEN Tianyi,CHEN Laijun,WANG Yuchen,et al.Balanced current control of virtual synchronous generator considering unbalanced grid voltage[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):904-909.
[27]张兴,张崇巍.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012.ZHANG Xing,ZHANG Chongwei.PWM rectifier and its control[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2012.