不同种泥的厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动及动力学特征
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摘要
采用2套UBF反应器R1和R~2,R1接种好氧硝化污泥与厌氧氨氧化-反硝化污泥的混合污泥,R~2接种厌氧消化絮状污泥与厌氧氨氧化-反硝化污泥的混合污泥,采用逐渐提高进水亚硝氮和氨氮浓度的方式富集培养ANAMMOX菌.结果表明,R1启动时间短,仅耗时36 d就成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器,而R~2则需要53 d; R1和R~2脱氮效果均较好,但R1脱氮效果优于R~2且稳定.在稳定运行阶段,R1氨氮、亚硝氮和总氮去除率分别为99. 92%、96. 64%和81. 87%左右,R~2氨氮、亚硝氮和总氮去除率分别为97. 54%、94. 91%和80. 98%左右.反应器启动成功后,Candidatus Kuenenia属在所检测出的属中丰度位列前六,在R1和R~2中的相对丰度分别为3. 22%和2. 35%;改进的Stover-Kincannon基质去除模型和二级动力学模型对拟稳态阶段R1和R~2的脱氮性能均能进行较好地拟合,经计算,R1的最大基质去除速率Umax稍大于R~2,说明R1的脱氮潜力较大.
Two different mixed sludges( aerobic nitrifying sludge and ANAMMOX-denitrification sludge: R1,and anaerobic digestion flocculent sludge and ANAMMOX-denitrification sludge: R~2),were used as inocula in two UBF reactors to enrich Anammox bacteria.Both kinds of mixed sludge set up the Anammox process successfully. It took 36 days for R1,while R~2 required 53 days. Nitrogen removal rates of R1 and R~2 were high during the whole operation. During the stable operation stage,the removal rates of NH_4~+-N,NO_2~--N,and TN were about 99. 92%,96. 64%,and 81. 87% for R1; and 97. 54%,94. 91%,and 80. 98% for R~2. Illumina Highthroughput Sequencing revealed Candidatus Kuenenia was in the top six taxa in the two reactors with 3. 22% relative abundance in R1 and 2. 35% in R~2 after the successful start-up. Simulation results indicated that the Modified Stover-Kincannon model and the secondorder model were appropriate models. It was deduced that the N-removal potential of R1 was a little greater than that of R~2 after comparing the projected maximum substrate removal rate Umaxof the two reactors.
Two different mixed sludges( aerobic nitrifying sludge and ANAMMOX-denitrification sludge: R1,and anaerobic digestion flocculent sludge and ANAMMOX-denitrification sludge: R~2),were used as inocula in two UBF reactors to enrich Anammox bacteria.Both kinds of mixed sludge set up the Anammox process successfully. It took 36 days for R1,while R~2 required 53 days. Nitrogen removal rates of R1 and R~2 were high during the whole operation. During the stable operation stage,the removal rates of NH_4~+-N,NO_2~--N,and TN were about 99. 92%,96. 64%,and 81. 87% for R1; and 97. 54%,94. 91%,and 80. 98% for R~2. Illumina Highthroughput Sequencing revealed Candidatus Kuenenia was in the top six taxa in the two reactors with 3. 22% relative abundance in R1 and 2. 35% in R~2 after the successful start-up. Simulation results indicated that the Modified Stover-Kincannon model and the secondorder model were appropriate models. It was deduced that the N-removal potential of R1 was a little greater than that of R~2 after comparing the projected maximum substrate removal rate Umaxof the two reactors.
引文
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[19]Wang S H,Guo J B,Lian J,et al.Rapid start-up of the anammox process by denitrifying granular sludge and the mechanism of the anammox electron transport chain[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,115:101-107.
[20]Tang X,Guo Y Z,Jiang B,et al.Metagenomic approaches to understanding bacterial communication during the anammox reactor start-up[J].Water Research,2018,136:95-103.
[21]Xu X L,Liu G H,Wang Y Y,et al.Analysis of key microbial community during the start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process with paddy soil as inoculated sludge[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,64:317-327.
[22]Chen C J,Sun F Q,Zhang H Q,et al.Evaluation of COD effect on anammox process and microbial communities in the anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:571-578.
[23]Oshiki M,Satoh H,Okabe S.Ecology and physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J].Environmental Microbiology,2016,18(9):2784-2796.
[24]Liu W R,Yang D H,Chen W J,et al.High-throughput sequencing-based microbial characterization of size fractionated biomass in an anoxic anammox reactor for low-strength wastewater at low temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,231:45-52.
[25]Ren Y H,Li D,Li X K,et al.High-rate nitrogen removal and microbial community of an up-flow anammox reactor with ceramics as biomass carrier[J].Chemosphere,2014,113:125-131.
[26]He S L,Yang W,Qin M,et al.Performance and microbial community of anammox in presence of micro-molecule carbon source[J].Chemosphere,2018,205:545-552.
[27]Sharma M K,Kazmi A A.Substrate removal kinetics of domestic wastewater treatment in a two-stage anaerobic system[J].Separation Science and Technology,2015,50(17):2752-2758.
[28]Niu Q G,Zhang Y L,Ma H Y,et al.Reactor kinetics evaluation and performance investigation of a long-term operated UASB-anammox mixed culture process[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,108:24-33.
[29]Jin R C,Zheng P.Kinetics of nitrogen removal in high rate anammox upflow filter[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,170(2-3):652-656.
[2]Shen L D,Liu S,Huang Q,et al.Evidence for the cooccurrence of nitrite-dependent anaerobic ammonium and methane oxidation processes in a flooded paddy field[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2014,80(24):7611-7619.
[3]Ganesh S,Parris D J,Delong E F,et al.Metagenomic analysis of size-fractionated picoplankton in a marine oxygen minimum zone[J].The ISME Journal,2014,8(1):187-211.
[4]Ali M,Oshiki M,Awata T,et al.Physiological characterization of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterium‘Candidatus Jettenia caeni’[J].Environmental Microbiology,2015,17(6):2172-2189.
[5]Speth D R,In't Zandt M H,Guerrero-Cruz S,et al.Genomebased microbial ecology of anammox granules in a full-scale wastewater treatment system[J].Nature Communications,2016,7:11172.
[6]李亚峰,马晨曦,张驰.UASBB厌氧氨氧化反应器处理污泥脱水液的影响因素研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(8):3044-3051.Li Y F,Ma C X,Zhang C.Influencing factors of sludge liquor treatment in UASBB[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(8):3044-3051.
[7]Van Der Star W R L,Abma W R,Blommers D,et al.Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation:experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam[J].Water Research,2007,41(18):4149-4163.
[8]姚芳,刘波,王德朋,等.不同接种污泥的厌氧氨氧化反应器启动特性及菌群结构演替规律分析[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2543-2551.Yao F,Liu B,Wang D P,et al.Start-up of ANAMMOXenrichment with different inoculated sludge and analysis of microbial community structure shift[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(7):2543-2551.
[9]张泽文,李冬,张杰,等.接种单一/混合污泥对厌氧氨氧化反应器快速启动的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5215-5221.Zhang Z W,Li D,Zhang J,et al.Effect of seeding single/mixed sludge on rapid start-up of an ANAMMOX reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5215-5221.
[10]Anca-Couce A.Reaction mechanisms and multi-scale modelling of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2016,53:41-79.
[11]Qin Y J,Yan C,Ren J Y,et al.Effect of glucose on nitrogen removal and microbial community in anammox-denitrification system[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,244:33-39.
[12]Wang T Y,Qin Y J,Cao Y,et al.Simultaneous addition of zero-valent iron and activated carbon on enhanced mesophilic anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(28):22371-22381.
[13]曹雁,王桐屿,秦玉洁,等.厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能及细菌群落多样性分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1544-1550.Cao Y,Wang T Y,Qin Y J,et al.Nitrogen removal characteristics and diversity of microbial community in ANAMMOX reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1544-1550.
[14]Qin Y J,Han B,Cao Y,et al.Impact of substrate concentration on anammox-UBF reactors start-up[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,239:422-429.
[15]Li H S,Zhou S Q,Ma W H,et al.Fast start-up of ANAMMOXreactor:Operational strategy and some characteristics as indicators of reactor performance[J].Desalination,2012,286:436-441.
[16]Cao S B,Du R,Li B K,et al.High-throughput profiling of microbial community structures in an ANAMMOX-UASB reactor treating high-strength wastewater[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(14):6457-6467.
[17]张海芹,王翻翻,李月寒,等.不同接种污泥ABR厌氧氨氧化的启动特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):2216-2221.Zhang H Q,Wang F F,Li Y H,et al.Start-up performance of ANAMMOX enrichment with different inoculated sludge in anaerobic baffled reactor[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(6):2216-2221.
[18]赵宗升,赵云霞,陈智均,等.厌氧氨氧化菌接种污泥的选择培养过程研究[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(2):39-42.Zhang Z S,Zhang Y X,Chen Z J,et al.The culture of anaerobic ammonia oxidation biomass seeded by two kinds of sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2007,1(2):39-42.
[19]Wang S H,Guo J B,Lian J,et al.Rapid start-up of the anammox process by denitrifying granular sludge and the mechanism of the anammox electron transport chain[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,115:101-107.
[20]Tang X,Guo Y Z,Jiang B,et al.Metagenomic approaches to understanding bacterial communication during the anammox reactor start-up[J].Water Research,2018,136:95-103.
[21]Xu X L,Liu G H,Wang Y Y,et al.Analysis of key microbial community during the start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process with paddy soil as inoculated sludge[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,64:317-327.
[22]Chen C J,Sun F Q,Zhang H Q,et al.Evaluation of COD effect on anammox process and microbial communities in the anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:571-578.
[23]Oshiki M,Satoh H,Okabe S.Ecology and physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J].Environmental Microbiology,2016,18(9):2784-2796.
[24]Liu W R,Yang D H,Chen W J,et al.High-throughput sequencing-based microbial characterization of size fractionated biomass in an anoxic anammox reactor for low-strength wastewater at low temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,231:45-52.
[25]Ren Y H,Li D,Li X K,et al.High-rate nitrogen removal and microbial community of an up-flow anammox reactor with ceramics as biomass carrier[J].Chemosphere,2014,113:125-131.
[26]He S L,Yang W,Qin M,et al.Performance and microbial community of anammox in presence of micro-molecule carbon source[J].Chemosphere,2018,205:545-552.
[27]Sharma M K,Kazmi A A.Substrate removal kinetics of domestic wastewater treatment in a two-stage anaerobic system[J].Separation Science and Technology,2015,50(17):2752-2758.
[28]Niu Q G,Zhang Y L,Ma H Y,et al.Reactor kinetics evaluation and performance investigation of a long-term operated UASB-anammox mixed culture process[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,108:24-33.
[29]Jin R C,Zheng P.Kinetics of nitrogen removal in high rate anammox upflow filter[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,170(2-3):652-656.