喀斯特地区不同行距玉米||白三叶间作对玉米光合、产量及土壤呼吸的影响
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摘要
为探究不同行距下玉米(Zea mays)||白三叶(Trifolium repens)间作效应,在贵州喀斯特地区设置30、50、70 cm玉米行距,监测玉米||白三叶间作以及玉米单作下玉米叶片光合特性、土壤呼吸、玉米穗性状和产量情况。结果表明,除50 cm行距处理光合速率日变化呈单峰型变化外,各试验组及对照组玉米叶片光合速率日变化均呈双峰型。50 cm行距处理下玉米叶片胞间CO2浓度日均值最低,对CO2利用率最高,光合速率日均值最高,玉米产量显著提高(P <0.05);30和50 cm行距处理鲜秸秆产量、全株总产量显著提高(P <0.05);70 cm行距处理玉米产量、鲜秸秆产量、全株总产量最低(P <0.05)。不同处理对玉米叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、穗轴上玉米粒行数、穗长无显著影响(P> 0.05)。本研究设置的间作处理对土壤呼吸抑制效果不明显,而不同行距对土壤呼吸有影响且30 cm行距抑制效果最佳,达到碳减排效果,50 cm行距抑制效果次之。因此,贵州喀斯特地区在以鲜秸秆为收获对象时,采用30 cm或者50 cm行距玉米|白三叶间作最适宜;以玉米籽粒或以籽粒和秸秆同时为收获对象时,采用50 cm行距玉米||白三叶间作最适宜。
To explore the effect of maize || white clover intercropping under different row spacing in the Karst area of Guizhou, maize || white clover intercropping and a corn monoculture were grown using 30, 50, and 70 cm row spacing.Photosynthetic characteristics, maize ear characters, yield, and rhizosphere soil respiration were monitored. The results showed that except for the 50 cm row spacing treatment, the diurnal variation in the photosynthesis rate of maize leaves in each test group and control group exhibited a double peak curve. The lowest daily mean of intercellular CO2 concentration in maize leaves, the highest utilization rate of CO2, and the highest daily average photosynthetic rate were under the 50 cm row spacing treatment. Under this treatment, the corn yield was significantly increased(P < 0.05). Line spacing processing of 30 and 50 cm increased the fresh straw yield, and the whole plant total yield significantly increased(P < 0.05). Corn yield, fresh straw yield, and total yield of whole plants were the lowest in the 70 cm row spacing treatment(P < 0.05). Different treatments had no effect on stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, grain number on the cob, and ear length(P > 0.05). The effects of intercropping on soil respiration inhibition was not obvious; however, different row spacing planting modes influenced soil respiration. The 30 cm row spacing planting mode had the best effect on soil respiration inhibition, which reduced carbon emission, followed by the 50 cm row spacing planting treatment. Therefore, 30 cm or 50 cm row spacing maize || white clover intercropping was the most suitable for harvesting fresh straw in the Guizhou Karst area. The 50 cm row spacing maize || white clover intercropping was the most suitable when corn seeds or seed and straw were harvested at the same time.
To explore the effect of maize || white clover intercropping under different row spacing in the Karst area of Guizhou, maize || white clover intercropping and a corn monoculture were grown using 30, 50, and 70 cm row spacing.Photosynthetic characteristics, maize ear characters, yield, and rhizosphere soil respiration were monitored. The results showed that except for the 50 cm row spacing treatment, the diurnal variation in the photosynthesis rate of maize leaves in each test group and control group exhibited a double peak curve. The lowest daily mean of intercellular CO2 concentration in maize leaves, the highest utilization rate of CO2, and the highest daily average photosynthetic rate were under the 50 cm row spacing treatment. Under this treatment, the corn yield was significantly increased(P < 0.05). Line spacing processing of 30 and 50 cm increased the fresh straw yield, and the whole plant total yield significantly increased(P < 0.05). Corn yield, fresh straw yield, and total yield of whole plants were the lowest in the 70 cm row spacing treatment(P < 0.05). Different treatments had no effect on stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, grain number on the cob, and ear length(P > 0.05). The effects of intercropping on soil respiration inhibition was not obvious; however, different row spacing planting modes influenced soil respiration. The 30 cm row spacing planting mode had the best effect on soil respiration inhibition, which reduced carbon emission, followed by the 50 cm row spacing planting treatment. Therefore, 30 cm or 50 cm row spacing maize || white clover intercropping was the most suitable for harvesting fresh straw in the Guizhou Karst area. The 50 cm row spacing maize || white clover intercropping was the most suitable when corn seeds or seed and straw were harvested at the same time.
引文
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