基于“3414”模型的‘冈杂棉0623’肥料效应研究
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摘要
为探究自育棉花品种‘冈杂棉0623’肥料效应及合理的施肥方法,加快‘冈杂棉0623’的推广。本研究采用"3414"肥料模型进行试验,其中两水平推荐氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别为300、150、300 kg/hm~2。比较棉花产量构成因素发现各施肥处理高于对照,其中N2P2K2处理各性状表现最佳;各个处理产量较对照均有所增加,随着施肥量增加产量有所增加,但是施肥量3水平条件下,产量较2水平有所下降;对各处理经济效益进行比较分析,施肥处理经济效益较对照要高,其中N2P2K2经济效益最高为14768.76元/hm~2。结合施肥量、产量及经济效益综合分析,发现要获得高产,高收益要合理施肥,平衡NPK肥施用量。在鄂东棉区推广‘冈杂棉0623’,建议施肥量为:氮肥施用量150～200 kg/hm~2,磷肥施用量90～100 kg/hm~2,钾肥施用量为150～200 kg/hm~2。
To explore the fertilizer effect of cotton variety‘Gangzamian 0623'and the reasonable fertilization method, and accelerate the popularization of‘Gangzamian 0623', based on the‘3414'fertilizer experiment model, two levels of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizers were recommended as 300, 150 and 300 kg/hm~2, respectively. The fertilizer treatments were better than the control by comparing the yield components of cotton. N2 P2 K2 treatment showed the best performance. The yield of each treatment increased compared with the control, and the yield increased with the increasing of fertilizer rate. However, under the fertilizer treatment level three, the yield was lower than that under level two. The economic benefit of each treatment were compared and analyzed. The economic benefits of fertilizer treatments were higher than that of the control and N2 P2 K2 had the highest economic benefit, which was 14768.76 yuan/hm~2. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the fertilizer rate, yield and economic benefits, it is found that the rational NPK fertilizer and the balanced fertilization are necessary to obtain the high yield and high economic benefits. In eastern Hubei Province, the fertilizer rate of‘Gangzamian 0623'is recommended as follows: N fertilizer 150-200 kg/hm~2, P fertilizer 90-100 kg/hm~2, K fertilizer 150-200 kg/hm~2.
To explore the fertilizer effect of cotton variety‘Gangzamian 0623'and the reasonable fertilization method, and accelerate the popularization of‘Gangzamian 0623', based on the‘3414'fertilizer experiment model, two levels of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizers were recommended as 300, 150 and 300 kg/hm~2, respectively. The fertilizer treatments were better than the control by comparing the yield components of cotton. N2 P2 K2 treatment showed the best performance. The yield of each treatment increased compared with the control, and the yield increased with the increasing of fertilizer rate. However, under the fertilizer treatment level three, the yield was lower than that under level two. The economic benefit of each treatment were compared and analyzed. The economic benefits of fertilizer treatments were higher than that of the control and N2 P2 K2 had the highest economic benefit, which was 14768.76 yuan/hm~2. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the fertilizer rate, yield and economic benefits, it is found that the rational NPK fertilizer and the balanced fertilization are necessary to obtain the high yield and high economic benefits. In eastern Hubei Province, the fertilizer rate of‘Gangzamian 0623'is recommended as follows: N fertilizer 150-200 kg/hm~2, P fertilizer 90-100 kg/hm~2, K fertilizer 150-200 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[20]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[2]赵莉,汪强,田东丰,等.“3414”肥效对江淮黄褐土芝麻产量和经济效益的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(33):161-165.
[3]卫双玲,李春明,高桐梅,等.芝麻氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(03):644-649.
[4]孙道苗.油菜“3414”肥料效应试验研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(20):37-39.
[5]朱克保,吴传洲,奚波,等.应用‘3414’试验建立芜湖县油菜施肥指标体系[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):155-160.
[6]庄光泉,周林,杨利,等.江汉平原油菜施肥效应研究初报[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(24):5959-5962.
[7]王红军,张静,皇甫自起,等.豫东平原高产花生施用氮磷钾肥增产效应研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(13):1-5.
[8]张桥,张育灿,林日强,等.广东省花生测土配方施肥氮素指标体系研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(33):101-104.
[9]孙义祥,郭跃升,于舜章,等.应用‘3414’试验建立冬小麦测土配方施肥指标体系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):197-203.
[10]张淑贞,黄小菁,张剑锋,等.湖北省不同耕地类型小麦施肥效应研究初报[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(14):2648-2651.
[11]温健,郭振斌,张常文,等.小麦宽幅匀播技术氮、磷、钾施肥效果及推荐施肥量研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(18):17-22.
[12]李飞,郭利双,吴远帆,等.洞庭湖滨植棉区棉花配方施肥优化试验初探[J].中国棉花,2016,43(04):14-17.
[13]李飞,郭利双,吴远帆,等.湘中南棉区棉花配方施肥优化试验[J].作物研究,2016,30(05):531-534.
[14]石祖罕,周学军,叶德明.棉花测土配方施肥肥料效应研究[J].安徽农学通报,2008(12):31-33.
[15]周少芳.贵池区棉花“3414”肥料效应试验研究[J].安徽农学通报,2014(5):65-67.
[16]徐维明,潘琴,王亚艺.棉花“3414”肥料效应及推荐施肥量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(2):723-724.
[17]晁召飞,宋世宗.焦作市棉花施肥模型及优化决策研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(10):9-10.
[18]李树凤,苏和,杨建强,等.内蒙古额济纳旗棉花施肥指标体系建立研究[J].中国棉花,2016,43(08):35-38.
[19]吴志勇,杜之虎,徐鸿,等.“3414”肥料效应试验原理与设计[J].新疆农垦科技,2007(4):63-65.
[20]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.