斑点叉尾鮰暴发性出血溃疡症的病理学研究
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摘要
【目的】探究两起斑点叉尾鮰Ietalurus punetaus暴发性体表出血溃疡症的发病病因和病理特征。【方法】利用湿片法对鳃组织和体表黏液进行压片,观察寄生虫寄生情况。从发病鱼的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中分离病原菌,检测细菌感染情况;利用PCR法检测患病斑点叉尾鮰的肝、脾、肾混合组织匀浆中斑点叉尾鮰病毒(Channel catfish virus,CCV)的携带情况。运用组织病理学方法观察病鱼的病理损伤特点,综合分析并推测该病的致病原因。【结果】该出血溃疡症的靶器官主要为脾脏、肾脏、肝胰脏、肠道以及皮肤肌肉。主要表现为严重的血管反应,实质细胞可见肿胀、变性、坏死;而胃、脑和心脏病变较轻,仅有轻微的炎症;鳃丝、眼球和鳔等未见明显病变。所有的患病个体均出现中度至重度出血性坏死性脾炎、中度肾炎、轻度至中度坏死性肝胰腺炎和肠炎。患病斑点叉尾鮰体内未检测到寄生虫、细菌以及CCV。【结论】综合病理学、细菌学和病毒学检测结果,推测此次斑点叉尾鮰暴发性疾病由某种非CCV的病毒感染所致,温度应激可能是引发该病的条件诱因。
【Objective】To investigate the etiology and pathologic features of two cases of hemorrhagic ulcer happened on channel catfish(Ietalurus punetaus).【Method】The gill tissue and body mucus were compressed by wet film method to detect potential parasite. Pathogen isolation was conducted using liver, spleen and kidney of diseased fish to detect potential bacterial infection. The homogenate of liver, spleen and kidney from diseased fish was detected for the channel catfish virus(CCV) by PCR. The pathologic features of diseased fish were observed by histopathology, and the causes of this disease were analyzed comprehensively.【Result】The spleen, kidney, hepatopancreas, intestine, skin and muscle were the main target organs of hemorrhagic ulcer.The main syndrome was severe vascular response with degeneration and necrosis of the parenchymal cells.Stomach, brain and heart had minor damages with slight inflammation, and gill filaments, eyeballs and swimbladder did not have obvious pathological changes. The diseased individuals displayed moderate to severe hemorrhagic necrotic spleen inflammation, moderate nephritis, and mild to moderate necrotic hepatopancreatitis and necrotic enteritis. No parasite, bacteria, or CCV was detected in diseased catfish.【Conclusion】Based on the results of pathological, bacteriological and virological examinations, it is inferred that the fulminant disease of catfish was caused by some non-CCV virus infection, and temperature stress may be the conditional incentive of this disease.
【Objective】To investigate the etiology and pathologic features of two cases of hemorrhagic ulcer happened on channel catfish(Ietalurus punetaus).【Method】The gill tissue and body mucus were compressed by wet film method to detect potential parasite. Pathogen isolation was conducted using liver, spleen and kidney of diseased fish to detect potential bacterial infection. The homogenate of liver, spleen and kidney from diseased fish was detected for the channel catfish virus(CCV) by PCR. The pathologic features of diseased fish were observed by histopathology, and the causes of this disease were analyzed comprehensively.【Result】The spleen, kidney, hepatopancreas, intestine, skin and muscle were the main target organs of hemorrhagic ulcer.The main syndrome was severe vascular response with degeneration and necrosis of the parenchymal cells.Stomach, brain and heart had minor damages with slight inflammation, and gill filaments, eyeballs and swimbladder did not have obvious pathological changes. The diseased individuals displayed moderate to severe hemorrhagic necrotic spleen inflammation, moderate nephritis, and mild to moderate necrotic hepatopancreatitis and necrotic enteritis. No parasite, bacteria, or CCV was detected in diseased catfish.【Conclusion】Based on the results of pathological, bacteriological and virological examinations, it is inferred that the fulminant disease of catfish was caused by some non-CCV virus infection, and temperature stress may be the conditional incentive of this disease.
引文
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[20]段雪晶.新型甲型H1N1流感病理学变化及发病机制的初步研究[D].北京:首都医科大学,2012.
[21]张萍,吴玉娥,张钰,等.猴免疫缺陷病毒感染猕猴淋巴结和脾脏的病理学观察[J].实验动物与比较医学,2012,32(4):265-269.
[22]ABE Y,SHOJI H,OTA K,et al.Immunohistochemical study of lymphomas of abdominal cavity origin in two cows with bovine leukemia virus[J].Jarq-Jpn Agr Res Q,2007,41(2):153-156.
[23]EVENSEN O,THORUD K E,OLSEN Y A.A morphological study of the gross and light microscopic lesions of infectious anaemia in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Res Vet Sci,1991,51(2):215-222.
[24]MACWILLIAMS C,JOHNSON G,GROMAN D,et al.Morphologic description of infectious salmon anaemia virus(ISAV)-induced lesions in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss compared to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar[J].Dis Aquat Organ,2007,78(1):1-12.
[2]PEATMAN E,BAOPRASERTKUL P,TERHUNE J,et al.Expression analysis of the acute phase response in channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)after infection with a Gram-negative bacterium[J].Dev Comp Immunol,2007,31(11):1183-1196.
[3]刘金玉,杨五名,李爱华,等.斑点叉尾鮰套肠症的病原学初步研究[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(6):824-831.
[4]梁万文,陈明,余晓丽,等.斑点叉尾鮰肠败血症病原菌的分离与鉴定[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(5):1124-1129.
[5]刘礼辉,李宁求,石存斌,等.斑点叉尾鮰烂鳃病病原柱状黄杆菌的分离及鉴定[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(17):7124-7126.
[6]杨移斌,胥宁,董靖,等.斑点叉尾鮰源杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种分离鉴定及药敏特性[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(4):787-792.
[7]WAGNER B A,WISE D J,KHOO L H,et al.The epidemiology of bacterial diseases in food-size channel catfish[J].J Aquat Anim Health,2006,18(4):263-272.
[8]田甜.鱼源嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定及耐药性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[9]SHOEMAKER C A,OLIVARES-FUSTER O,ARIAS CR,et al.Flavobacterium columnare genomovar influ-ences mortality in channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)[J].Vet Microbiol,2008,127(3/4):353-359.
[10]吴杰,汪开毓,王均,等.斑点叉尾鮰出血性败血症病原分离、鉴定及组织病理学观察[C]//中国南方渔业论坛暨第二十九次学术会议论文集,北海:中国水产学会,广西水产学会,2013.
[11]CAO H,AN J,OU R,et al.Enterobacter aerogenes:An emerging pathogen for enteritis in farmed channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus[J].Isr J Aquacult-Bamid,2017,69:1-7.
[12]PRIDGEON J W,KLESIUS P H.Molecular identification and virulence of three Aeromonas hydrophila isolates cultured from infected channel catfish during a disease outbreak in west Alabama(USA)in 2009[J].Dis Aquat Organ,2011,94(3):249-253.
[13]WOLF K,DARLINGTON R W.Channel catfish virus:A new herpesvirus of ictalurid fish[J].J Virol,1971,8(4):525-533.
[14]黄小丽,汪开毓,樊威,等.一例乌苏里拟鲿体表溃疡症的病理学诊断[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(3):106-111.
[15]杜玉东,陈孝煊,吴志新,等.斑点叉尾鮰疱疹病毒PCR-ELISA检测方法的建立[J].华中农业大学学报,2009,28(5):604-608.
[16]皇甫加清,张耀光,周传江,等.氯氰菊酯暴露对草鱼4种器官组织结构的影响[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(1):53-57.
[17]张成旺.全身性巴贝虫病:噬红细胞综合症的又一原因[J].国外医学(寄生虫病分册),1987(4):190-191.
[18]岑衍华.布氏菌病患者因噬红细胞作用引起全血细胞减少四例报告[J].地方病译丛,1985(4):43-45.
[19]MERINO A,PEREIRA A,ZABALZA M,等.EB病毒IgG介导溶血性贫血的噬红细胞现象[J].国际输血及血液学杂志,2007,30(2):116.
[20]段雪晶.新型甲型H1N1流感病理学变化及发病机制的初步研究[D].北京:首都医科大学,2012.
[21]张萍,吴玉娥,张钰,等.猴免疫缺陷病毒感染猕猴淋巴结和脾脏的病理学观察[J].实验动物与比较医学,2012,32(4):265-269.
[22]ABE Y,SHOJI H,OTA K,et al.Immunohistochemical study of lymphomas of abdominal cavity origin in two cows with bovine leukemia virus[J].Jarq-Jpn Agr Res Q,2007,41(2):153-156.
[23]EVENSEN O,THORUD K E,OLSEN Y A.A morphological study of the gross and light microscopic lesions of infectious anaemia in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Res Vet Sci,1991,51(2):215-222.
[24]MACWILLIAMS C,JOHNSON G,GROMAN D,et al.Morphologic description of infectious salmon anaemia virus(ISAV)-induced lesions in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss compared to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar[J].Dis Aquat Organ,2007,78(1):1-12.