不同形成时间鼢鼠鼠丘土壤水力学性质的对比
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摘要
为探寻高原鼢鼠活动对若尔盖草原土壤持水性能的影响,通过田间原位张力入渗和室内沙箱+压力膜仪试验,探索不同形成时间鼠丘土壤水力学参数以及土壤大孔隙度的差异。结果表明:与草地对照相比,鼠丘土壤中易于流失的结构性孔隙水(θstr)含量增加,而能被植物有效利用的基质性孔隙水(θtxt)含量下降(由对照组(0.14±0.02)cm~3/cm~3降低至(0.10±0.02)cm~3/cm~3)。新鼠丘和1年鼢鼠鼠丘中半径>250μm中大孔隙的有效孔隙度较草地对照组分别平均增加30%和11%,饱和导水率分别平均增加38%和21%。高原鼢鼠活动改变了土壤水力学特征,降低了土壤有效水的持水量,提高了土壤饱和导水率,使草地保水能力下降,易出现水分亏缺,增加草地退化和逐步沙化的风险。
Application of Disc permeameter in field and sandbox-pressure chamber in door was used to determine hydraulic parameters and pore size distribution for soil samples of various aged plateau zokor mounds on Zoige grassland.Compared to the control grassland soil,the water content in structural pores(θstr)of mounds increased,while the water content in soil textural pores(θtxt)decreased from(0.14±0.02)cm~3/cm~3 to(0.10±0.02)cm~3/cm~3,indicating apotential of a quicker water infiltration through mound soil via soil structural pores.In soil with newly-formed mound and one-year-old mound,the effective porosity of soil pores with size r>250μm increased by 30%and 11%,and the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 38% and 21%,respectively,compared to the control soil.Therefore,it can be concluded that the excessive activity of zokor has changed soil pore structure,caused a decrease in soil's capacity to hold plant-available water and thus may accelerate the degradation and desertification of Zoige grassland.
Application of Disc permeameter in field and sandbox-pressure chamber in door was used to determine hydraulic parameters and pore size distribution for soil samples of various aged plateau zokor mounds on Zoige grassland.Compared to the control grassland soil,the water content in structural pores(θstr)of mounds increased,while the water content in soil textural pores(θtxt)decreased from(0.14±0.02)cm~3/cm~3 to(0.10±0.02)cm~3/cm~3,indicating apotential of a quicker water infiltration through mound soil via soil structural pores.In soil with newly-formed mound and one-year-old mound,the effective porosity of soil pores with size r>250μm increased by 30%and 11%,and the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 38% and 21%,respectively,compared to the control soil.Therefore,it can be concluded that the excessive activity of zokor has changed soil pore structure,caused a decrease in soil's capacity to hold plant-available water and thus may accelerate the degradation and desertification of Zoige grassland.
引文
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[30]韩立辉,尚占环,任国华,等.青藏高原“黑土滩”退化草地植物和土壤对秃斑面积变化的响应[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):1-6.
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[2]Li B Q,Yu Z B,Liang Z M,et al.Effects of climate variations and human activities on runoff in the zoige alpine wetland in the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(5):1026-1035.
[3]费凯,胡玉福,舒向阳,等.若尔盖高寒草地沙化对土壤活性有机碳组分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):327-330.
[4]税伟,白剑平,简小枚,等.若尔盖沙化草地恢复过程中土壤特性及水源涵养功能[J].生态学报,2017,37(1):277-285.
[5]张顺谦,郭海燕,罗勇.气候变化和载畜量对若尔盖草地沙化的驱动力评价[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):64-71.
[6]红原县志编纂委员会.红原县志[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1996.
[7]苏军虎,刘荣堂,纪维红,等.我国草地鼠害防治与研究的发展阶段及特征[J].草业科学,2013,30(7):1116-1123.
[8]熊远清,吴鹏飞,张洪芝,等.若尔盖湿地退化过程中土壤水源涵养功能[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5780-5788.
[9]陈梦蝶,黄晓东,侯秀敏,等.青海省草原鼠害区域草地生物量及盖度动态监测研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):247-256.
[10]张蕊,王媛,马丽娜,等.三江源区退化人工草地、“黑土滩”和天然草地植物群落物种多样性[J].草地学报,2014,22(6):1171-1178.
[11]李志威,王兆印,张晨笛,等.若尔盖沼泽湿地的萎缩机制[J].水科学进展,2014,25(2):172-180.
[12]王丹,吕瑜良,徐丽,等.水分和温度对若尔盖湿地和草甸土壤碳矿化的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(20):6436-6443.
[13]鲍根生,王宏生,曾辉,等.不同形成时间高原鼢鼠鼠丘土壤养分分配规律[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1824-1831.
[14]Li J C,Wang W L,Hu G Y,et al.Changes in ecosystem service values in Zoige Plateau,China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2010,139(4):766-770.
[15]Wooding R.Steady infiltration from a shallow circular pond[J].Water Resources Research,1968,4:1259-1273.
[16]Wang H L,Tang X Y,Zhang W,et al.Within-year changes in hydraulic properties of a shallow entisol in farmland and forestland[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2015,14(7):1-10.
[17]Dexter A R,Richard G,Arrouays D,et al.Complexed organic matter controls soil physical properties[J].Geoderma,2008,144:620-627.
[18]Kastanek F J,Nielsen D R.Description of soil water characteristics using a cubic spline interpolation[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2001,65(2):279-283.
[19]Kutlek M,Nielsen D R.Soil Hydrology[M].Germany:Cremlingen-Dested Catena Verlag,1994:134-140.
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:89-93.
[21]谭秋锦,宋同清,彭晚霞,等.峡谷型喀斯特不同生态系统土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):671-678.
[22]王子龙,胡斐南,赵勇钢,等.土壤胶结物质分布特征及其对黄土大团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):331-336.
[23]李雪垠,李朝霞,王天巍,等.紫色土中砾石夹层对土壤水分入渗的影响[J].水科学进展,2016,27(5):662-669.
[24]王红兰,唐翔宇,鲜青松,等.紫色土水分特征曲线室内测定方法的对比[J].水科学进展,2016,27(2):240-248.
[25]何咏琪,黄晓东,候秀闵,等.基于3S技术的草原鼠害监测方法研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):33-40.
[26]舒杨.草原鼠害的生态防治技术研究及其应用[D].成都:四川农业大学,2014.
[27]杨莹博,辛小娟,艾得协措,等.鼢鼠土丘植被恢复演替过程中的物种多样性变化[J].草业学报.2010,19(1):14-20.
[28]Lionel A,Yves C.Temporal and spatial variability of soil bulk density and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity under two contrasted tillage management systems[J].Geoderma,2009,152(1/2):85-94.
[29]Huo L,Chen Z,Zou Y,et al.Effect of zoige alpine wetland degradation on the density and fractions of soil organic carbon[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,51:287-295.
[30]韩立辉,尚占环,任国华,等.青藏高原“黑土滩”退化草地植物和土壤对秃斑面积变化的响应[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):1-6.
[31]Rui Y C,Wang S P,Xu Z H,et al.Warming and grazing affect soil labile carbon and nitrogen pools differently in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments.2011,11(6):903-914.