基于BIOME-BGC模型的青藏高原五道梁草地生态系统碳动态模拟
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摘要
青藏高原是气候变化的敏感区,草地是该地区分布最广的植被,研究草地生态系统碳动态及其变化趋势对研究碳对气候变化的影响具有重要意义。本研究使用参数本地化的BIOME-BGC模型,对1961—2015年青藏高原五道梁草地生态系统植物碳、凋落物碳、土壤碳以及总碳进行模拟,结果研究发现:(1)五道梁土壤有机碳是总碳的主要部分,占总碳固持量的95%,凋落物碳和植物碳分别为4%和1%。(2)1961—2015总碳呈微弱下降趋势,变化率为-0.018%/a;植物碳呈显著上升趋势,增长率为0.187%/a;凋落物碳呈下降趋势,但对气候变化有明显滞后性;由于变暖土壤呼吸速率增加,土壤有机碳呈下降趋势(-0.019%/a),因抵抗外界干扰能力强变幅较小。结果表明,变暖导致植被碳增加,但土壤呼吸增强导致土壤有机碳减少抵消其影响,变暖导致总碳呈减少趋势。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a sensitive region to climate change and grassland is the most widely distributed vegetation there.It is important to study the dynamics and trends of carbon in grassland ecosystem for understanding the impact of carbon on climate change.In this study,plant carbon,litter carbon,soil carbon and total carbon in Wudaoliang grassland ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2015 were simulated using BIOME-BGC model with localized parameters.The results showed that:(1) soil organic carbon was the main component of total carbon,accounted for 95% of total carbon sequestration,litter carbon and plant carbon was 4% and 1%,respectively;(2) the total carbon decreased slightly from 1961 to 2015 with a rate of-0.018%/a;plant carbon increased significantly with a growth rate of 0.187%/a;litter carbon decreased in these years,but there was a marked hysteresis to climate change;soil organic carbon(SOC) decreased(-0.019%/a) with the increase of soil respiration rate due to warming,but its variation was small because of its strong resistance to external disturbance.The results indicate that warming leads to the increase of vegetation carbon,however,enhanced soil respiration causes a reduction in soil organic carbon and offsets the increase in vegetation carbon.As a result,warming leads to the decrease of total carbon.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a sensitive region to climate change and grassland is the most widely distributed vegetation there.It is important to study the dynamics and trends of carbon in grassland ecosystem for understanding the impact of carbon on climate change.In this study,plant carbon,litter carbon,soil carbon and total carbon in Wudaoliang grassland ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2015 were simulated using BIOME-BGC model with localized parameters.The results showed that:(1) soil organic carbon was the main component of total carbon,accounted for 95% of total carbon sequestration,litter carbon and plant carbon was 4% and 1%,respectively;(2) the total carbon decreased slightly from 1961 to 2015 with a rate of-0.018%/a;plant carbon increased significantly with a growth rate of 0.187%/a;litter carbon decreased in these years,but there was a marked hysteresis to climate change;soil organic carbon(SOC) decreased(-0.019%/a) with the increase of soil respiration rate due to warming,but its variation was small because of its strong resistance to external disturbance.The results indicate that warming leads to the increase of vegetation carbon,however,enhanced soil respiration causes a reduction in soil organic carbon and offsets the increase in vegetation carbon.As a result,warming leads to the decrease of total carbon.
引文
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[29]黄银晓.全球气候变化对陆地生态系统的影响[J].环境科学,1993,14(6):79-81.
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[2] Zheng D, Zhang Q, Wu S. Mountain Geoecology and SustainableDevelopment of the Tibetan Plateau[M].Springer Netherlands,2000.
[3]王海波,马明国,王旭峰,等.青藏高原东缘高寒草甸生态系统碳通量变化特征及其影响因素[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(6):50-56.
[4]严文超,孙庚,张春波,等.模拟增温和中度放牧对青藏高原东部高寒草甸生态系统净碳交换及组分的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(01):132-139.
[5]刘夏.气候变化对三江平原沼泽湿地NPP的影响研究[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2016.
[6]亓伟伟,牛海山,汪诗平,等.增温对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统固碳通量影响的模拟研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(6):1713-1722.
[7]叶建圣.青藏高原植被净初级生产力对气候变化的响应[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[8]杨兆平,欧阳华,徐兴良,等.五道梁高寒草原土壤水分和植被盖度空间异质性的地统计分析[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(3):426-434.
[9]韩其飞,罗格平,李超凡,等.基于Biome-BGC模型的天山北坡森林生态系统碳动态模拟[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):375-382.
[10]胡波,孙睿,陈永俊,等.遥感数据结合Biome-BGC模型估算黄淮海地区生态系统生产力[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(12):2061-2071.
[11]李海涛,沈文清,桑卫国,等.MTCLIM模型(山地小气候模拟模型)的研究现状及其潜在应用[J].山地学报,2001,19(6):533-540.
[12]王超.应用BIOME-BGC模型研究典型生态系统的碳、水汽通量——半干旱地区吉林通榆的模拟[D].南京:南京农业大学,2006.
[13] Sun Q, Li B, Zhang T, et al. An improved Biome-BGC model forestimating net primary productivity of alpine meadow on theQinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Ecological Modelling,2017,350(10):55-68.
[14] Wang X, Ma M, Song Y, et al. Coupling of a biogeochemical modelwith a simultaneous heat and water model and its evaluation at analpine meadow site[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(10):4085-4096.
[15] Zhou C. Estimaiton of Net Primary Productivity in Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(1):74-79.
[16] Thornton P E, Nan A R. Ecosystem model spin-up:Estimatingsteady state conditions in a coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogencycle model[J].Ecological Modelling,2005,189(1):25-48.
[17] White M A, Thornton P E, Running S W, et al. Parameterizationand Sensitivity Analysis of the BIOME-BGC Terrestrial EcosystemModel:Net Primary Production Controls[J].Earth Interactions,2000,4(3):1-84.
[18] Zhang Y, Cheng G, Xin L, et al. Coupling of a simultaneous heatand water model with a distributed hydrological model andevaluation of the combined model in a cold region watershed[J].Hydrological Processes,2013,27(25):3762-3776.
[19] Yang Y, Fang J, Tang Y, et al. Storage, patterns and controls of soilorganic carbon in the Tibetan grasslands[J].Global Change Biology,2010,14(7):1592-1599.
[20] Yang Y H. Large-scale pattern of biomass partitioning acrossChina’s grasslands[J].Global Ecology&,Biogeography,2010,19(2):268-277.
[21] Fan J, Zhong H, Harris W, et al. Carbon storage in the grasslands ofChina based on field measurements of above-and below-groundbiomass[J].Climatic change,2008,86(3/4):375-396.
[22] Zhu L L, Rong Y P, Wang W G, et al. Effects of Grazing on the NetEcosystem Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in Grassland Ecosystems(Research Review)[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(1):3-10.
[23]王俊峰.长江源区沼泽与高寒草甸生态系统变化及其碳平衡对全球气候变化的响应[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
[24]王洋.不同退化程度下高寒草甸土壤有机碳及团聚体特征研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[25]周万海,冯瑞章,满元荣.黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地土壤特征研究[J].草原与草坪,2008,2008(4):24-28.
[26] Yang Y S, Guo J F, Chen G S, et al. Effects of forest conversion onsoil labile organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability insubtropical China[J].Plant and Soil,2009,323(1/2):153-162.
[27]朱士华,张弛,李超凡.基于BIOME-BGC模型的新疆牧区生态系统碳动态模拟[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(6):159-166.
[28]李英年,赵新全,曹广民,等.海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站气候、植被生产力背景的分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(4):558-567.
[29]黄银晓.全球气候变化对陆地生态系统的影响[J].环境科学,1993,14(6):79-81.
[30]石福孙,陈华峰,吴宁.增温对川西北亚高山高寒草甸植物群落碳、氮含量的影响[J].植物研究,2008,28(6):730-736.