某乡镇垃圾回收站冬季环卫作业细菌污染情况抽样调查
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摘要
目的分析东莞市塘厦镇中型垃圾回收站冬季细菌污染情况。方法以东莞市塘厦镇数量居多的中型垃圾回收站为研究对象,以细菌总数、大肠菌群、沙门氏菌的检测为卫生学指标,采用多阶段随机抽样选取研究站点;以入选站点全体工人为研究人群,检测工人手掌、清洁工具和运输车辆的手掌握持部件表面污染程度,同时检验站内空气及垃圾渗漏液,分析受污染情况。结果 3家中型垃圾回收站纳入研究范围,对站内物体表面、环卫作业人员手部、回收站空气检测均未发现大肠菌群和沙门氏菌。对站内物体表面检测,电动车垃圾桶检出细菌总数最多为5 cfu/cm~2;环卫作业人员手部洗手后细菌总数最高值为9 cfu/cm~2,而未洗手前检出细菌总数为250 cfu/cm~2。对3个垃圾站点站内值班房、垃圾压缩机、站内工具存放间空气进行检查,发现3个站点中垃圾压缩机中细菌总数污染最严重,A站点15 cfu/cm~2,B站点17 cfu/cm~2,C站点13 cfu/cm~2。垃圾渗漏液细菌总数均高达1 000 cfu/mL。且检出大肠菌群、沙门氏菌及霉菌。结论冬季环卫作业细菌污染防护重点应在环卫工人手部,并对垃圾渗漏液进行及时处理,降低感染风险。
Objective To analyze the bacterial contamination level of medium-sized garbage collection stations in Tangxia Town of Dongguan City in winter.Methods The count of total bacteria, coliform bacteria, Salmonella and other pathogenic bacteria were selected as major indexes, and the multistage random sampling was used to select the research sites. All the workers in the selected sites were taken as the research population, and the contamination degrees of handholding parts of workers' palms, cleaning tools and transport vehicles were detected. At the same time, the air and garbage leachate were checked in the station, and the pollution level was analyzed.Results Three medium-sized garbage recycling stations were included in the study. No coliform bacteria and Salmonella were detected on the hand-holding parts, hands of sanitation workers, and the air of the recycling stations. On the surface of objects, the maximum count of bacteria detected in electric vehicle garbage was 5 cfu/cm~2; the maximum count of bacteria detected on sanitation workers' hands after washing was 9 cfu/cm~2, while the maximum count of bacteria detected before washing was 250 cfu/cm~2. The air pollution of duty rooms, waste compressors and tool storage rooms in the three garbage stations was examined, it was found that the most serious pollution of garbage compressor was 15 cfu/cm~2 in Station A, 17 cfu/cm~2 in Station B, and 13 cfu/cm~2 in Station C.The total number of bacteria in landfill leachate was up to 1 000 cfu/ml, and coliforms, Salmonella and mould were also found.Conclusion The total bacterial count of sanitation workers before hand-washing exceed the limit in winter, and the total bacterial count of waste compressor is the highest in work sites. Therefore, the prevention of bacterial contamination in winter sanitation work should be focus on the hand disinfection of sanitation workers, and disposal of landfill leachate, so as to reduce the risk of infection.
Objective To analyze the bacterial contamination level of medium-sized garbage collection stations in Tangxia Town of Dongguan City in winter.Methods The count of total bacteria, coliform bacteria, Salmonella and other pathogenic bacteria were selected as major indexes, and the multistage random sampling was used to select the research sites. All the workers in the selected sites were taken as the research population, and the contamination degrees of handholding parts of workers' palms, cleaning tools and transport vehicles were detected. At the same time, the air and garbage leachate were checked in the station, and the pollution level was analyzed.Results Three medium-sized garbage recycling stations were included in the study. No coliform bacteria and Salmonella were detected on the hand-holding parts, hands of sanitation workers, and the air of the recycling stations. On the surface of objects, the maximum count of bacteria detected in electric vehicle garbage was 5 cfu/cm~2; the maximum count of bacteria detected on sanitation workers' hands after washing was 9 cfu/cm~2, while the maximum count of bacteria detected before washing was 250 cfu/cm~2. The air pollution of duty rooms, waste compressors and tool storage rooms in the three garbage stations was examined, it was found that the most serious pollution of garbage compressor was 15 cfu/cm~2 in Station A, 17 cfu/cm~2 in Station B, and 13 cfu/cm~2 in Station C.The total number of bacteria in landfill leachate was up to 1 000 cfu/ml, and coliforms, Salmonella and mould were also found.Conclusion The total bacterial count of sanitation workers before hand-washing exceed the limit in winter, and the total bacterial count of waste compressor is the highest in work sites. Therefore, the prevention of bacterial contamination in winter sanitation work should be focus on the hand disinfection of sanitation workers, and disposal of landfill leachate, so as to reduce the risk of infection.
引文
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[2]薛立强,范文宇.城市生活垃圾管理中的公共管理问题:国内研究述评及展望[J].公共行政评论,2017,10(1):172-196,209-210.
[3]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所.公共场所卫生检验方法第3部分:空气微生物:GB/T18204.3-2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[4]王海东.医务人员手卫生规范[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2009,19(12):1463-1464.
[5]李荣宗,张灶钦,温翠菊,等.HACCP技术在某生活垃圾焚烧发电项目职业病危害预测中应用[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(6):712-715.
[6]於俊颖,岳波,赵丹,等.华中地区典型农业型村镇生活垃圾的理化特性及季节变化分析[J].环境工程,2018,36(03):127-132.
[7]许国芹,尹芳,张无敌,等.城市垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化试验研究[J].中国沼气,2017,35(5):20-24.
[8]任铁玲,胡前胜,余贵英,等.广州市垃圾压缩站微生物污染状况研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2003,13(1):45-46.
[9]许建明,常炉予,马井会,等.上海秋冬季PM2.5污染天气形势的客观分型研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(12):4303-4314.