电动汽车永磁同步电机不可控发电分析与系统优化
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摘要
采用弱磁控制方法使电动汽车永磁同步电机高速运行时,若过压、过流等故障发生,控制器迅速发出关断晶体管的控制信号,此时,由于电机高转速产生的等效电动势高于电池电压,电流通过逆变器中的6个续流二极管所构成的不可控整流桥流入电池,导致电机驱动系统处于不可控发电运行状态。首先,建立了系统的数学模型;然后,通过理论分析将不可控发电过程分为晶体管关断、二极管续流以及导通、稳态不可控发电3个阶段,并得到了晶体管与二极管在不可控发电瞬间的开通关断规律;分析中发现,稳态不可控发电过程具有电流大、时间较长的缺点,故提出了基于模糊控制的系统优化保护策略,从而减小该过程造成的危害;最后,通过仿真和实验深入研究了不可控发电过程,验证了优化策略的有效性。
When a permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) which is controlled by flux-weakening strategy rotates in high speed, the controller would send the turning-off signals to switch off all the transistors quickly if faults(e.g. overvoltage and overcurrent) occur. At this moment, the equivalent electromotive force is higher than battery voltage due to the high speed of motor, so the current flows into the battery through the uncontrolled rectifier bridge composed of six freewheeling diodes, resulting in the drive system works at the status of uncontrolled generation(UCG). Firstly, the mathematical model of the system is established. Then, according to the theoretical analysis, the UCG process is divided into three stages: transistors turning-off stage, diodes freewheeling and turning-on stage and steady-state UCG stage. It is found that the steady-state UCG process has the shortcomings of large current and long time. Therefore, an optimal protection scheme based on fuzzy control is proposed, which can reduce danger damage of UCG. Finally, simulation and experiment are adopted to study the process of UCG, and the effectiveness of the optimization strategy is verified.
When a permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) which is controlled by flux-weakening strategy rotates in high speed, the controller would send the turning-off signals to switch off all the transistors quickly if faults(e.g. overvoltage and overcurrent) occur. At this moment, the equivalent electromotive force is higher than battery voltage due to the high speed of motor, so the current flows into the battery through the uncontrolled rectifier bridge composed of six freewheeling diodes, resulting in the drive system works at the status of uncontrolled generation(UCG). Firstly, the mathematical model of the system is established. Then, according to the theoretical analysis, the UCG process is divided into three stages: transistors turning-off stage, diodes freewheeling and turning-on stage and steady-state UCG stage. It is found that the steady-state UCG process has the shortcomings of large current and long time. Therefore, an optimal protection scheme based on fuzzy control is proposed, which can reduce danger damage of UCG. Finally, simulation and experiment are adopted to study the process of UCG, and the effectiveness of the optimization strategy is verified.
引文
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[2] 张越雷,黄科元,蒋智,等.基于估算电流模型的永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(11):68-74ZHANG Yuelei,HUANG Keyuan,JIANG Zhi,et al.Speed Sensorless Control of PMSM Based on Estimated Current Model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(11):68-74 (in Chinese)
[3] 鲍禄山,王毅非,黎燕.基于矢量解耦与预测电流控制相结合的APF的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(5):88-93BAO Lushan,WANG Yifei,LI Yan.Research on APF Based on Vector Decoupling Control and Predictive Current Control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(5):88-93 (in Chinese)
[4] 陈修亮,车倍凯.永磁同步电机矢量控制解耦方法的研究[J].电气技术,2013(4):37-40CHEN Xiuliang,CHE Beikai.Research on Decoupling Control Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Vector[J].Electrical Engineering,2013(4):37-40 (in Chinese)
[5] MUN J M,PARK G J,SEO S,et al.Design Characteristics of IPMSM with Wide Constant Power Speed Range for EV Traction[J].IEEE Trans on Magnetics,2017,99:1-4
[6] ZHANG Y,CAO W,MCLOONE S,et al.Design and Flux-Weakening Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles[J].IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2016,26(7):1-6
[7] BIANCHI N,BOLOGNANI S,ZIGLIOTTO M.Analysis of PM Synchronous Motor Drive Failures during Flux Weakening Operation,PESC Record[C]//27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Baveno,1996:1542-1548
[8] 刘景林,丁晓峰,Chris Mi,等.不可控发电运行过程分析与系统优化[J].西北工业大学学报,2011,29(4):620-626 LIU Jinglin,DING Xiaofeng,CHRIS Mi,et al.Effectively Dealing with Sudden Losses of Drive Signals by Inverter Switches of IPMSM System[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2011,29(4):620-626 (in Chinese)
[9] JAHNS T M,CALISKAN V.Uncontrolled Generator Operation of Interior PM Synchronous Machines Following High-Speed Inverter Shutdown[J].IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1999,35(6):1347-1357
[10] LIAW Chongzhi,SOONG W L,WELCHKO B A,et al.Uncontrolled Generation in Interior Permanent-Magnet Machines[J].IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2005,41(4):945-954
[11] GONG Chao,LIU Jinglin,HAN Zexiu,et al.Analysis on Uncontrolled Generation in Electrical Vehicles and a Battery Protection Method[C]//2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia,Kaohsiung,2017:1606-1610
[12] BAHRAMIPANAH M,TORREGROSSA D,CHERKAOUI R,et al.Enhanced Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model of Lithium-Based Batteries Accounting for Charge Redistribution,State-of-Health and Temperature Effects[J].IEEE Trans on Transportation Electrification,2017,3(3):589-599
[13] 杨阳,汤桃峰,秦大同,等.电动汽车锂电池PNGV等效电路模型与SOC估算方法[J].系统仿真学报,2012,24(4):938-942YANG Yang,TANG Taofeng,QIN Datong,et al.PNGV Equivalent Circuit Model and SOC Estimation Algorithm of Lithium Batteries for Electric Vehicle[J].Journal of System Simulation,2012,24(4):938-942 (in Chinese)
[14] 王兆安,刘进军.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009WANG Zhaoan,LIU Jinjun.Power Electronics[M].Beijing,China Machine Press,2009 (in Chinese)
[15] 王堃,游小杰,王琛琛,等.低开关频率下SVPWM同步调制策略比较研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(16):4175-4183WANG Kun,YOU Xiaojie,WANG Chenchen,et al.Research on Synchronized SVPWM Strategies under Low Switching Frequency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(16):4175-4183 (in Chinese)