基于有限元的电力变压器绕组弹塑性变形分析
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摘要
电力变压器绕组受短路电磁力作用后,可能出现可恢复的弹性变形或不可恢复的塑性变形。文中通过电磁-结构耦合有限元分析,对短路电流冲击作用下的变压器绕组弹、塑性变形特性进行理论分析和三维数值模拟,以揭示绕组弹性和塑性变形机理。首先通过有限元电磁计算分析了绕组内部短路电磁力分布,其中绕组线饼的周向电磁力分布不均是导致绕组变形的重要原因。在弹性变形计算的基础上,依据材料学的弹塑性变形分析理论,构建了绕组累积变形的量化分析模型,能够反映多次短路电磁力作用后绕组变形的累积效应。最后,以一台110 kV/25 000 kVA、双绕组电力变压器模型为例,进行绕组弹、塑性变形计算。结果可以为变压器绕组动稳定性能和绕组塑性变形预测研究提供理论参考。
Subjected to short-circuit electromagnetic force,the recoverable elastic deformation or irreparable plastic deformation in power transformer windings may be produced. In this paper,in order to reveal the elastic and plastic deformation mechanism of the winding,the elastic and plastic deformation characteristics of transformer windings under the impact of short-circuit current are analyzed theoretically and numerically by electromagnetic-structural coupling finite element analysis. Firstly,the distribution of the short circuit electromagnetic force in the winding is analyzed by the finite element electromagnetic calculation,in which the uneven distribution of the circumferential electromagnetic force of the winding disc is the important cause of the winding deformation. On the basis of elastic deformation calculation and elastic-plastic deformation analysis theory of materials,a quantitative analysis model of winding cumulative deformation is constructed,which can reflect the cumulative effect of winding deformation after multiple short-circuit electromagnetic forces.Finally,taking an 110 kV/25000 kVA double winding power transformer model as an example,the elastic and plastic deformation of the winding is calculated.The results can provide a theoretical reference for the dynamic stability of transformer windings and the prediction of winding plastic deformation.
Subjected to short-circuit electromagnetic force,the recoverable elastic deformation or irreparable plastic deformation in power transformer windings may be produced. In this paper,in order to reveal the elastic and plastic deformation mechanism of the winding,the elastic and plastic deformation characteristics of transformer windings under the impact of short-circuit current are analyzed theoretically and numerically by electromagnetic-structural coupling finite element analysis. Firstly,the distribution of the short circuit electromagnetic force in the winding is analyzed by the finite element electromagnetic calculation,in which the uneven distribution of the circumferential electromagnetic force of the winding disc is the important cause of the winding deformation. On the basis of elastic deformation calculation and elastic-plastic deformation analysis theory of materials,a quantitative analysis model of winding cumulative deformation is constructed,which can reflect the cumulative effect of winding deformation after multiple short-circuit electromagnetic forces.Finally,taking an 110 kV/25000 kVA double winding power transformer model as an example,the elastic and plastic deformation of the winding is calculated.The results can provide a theoretical reference for the dynamic stability of transformer windings and the prediction of winding plastic deformation.
引文
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[5]王丽君,刘勋.一起电力变压器绕组变形的综合分析[J].变压器,2011,48(6):68-70.WANG Lijun,LIU Xun.Comprehensive analysis of winding deformation of power transformer[J].Transformer,2010,47(12):1-3.
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[9]BAI Cuifen,GAO Wensheng,LIU Tong.A preliminary study of transformer life estimation based on linear cumulative damage theory[J].Int.Trans.Electr.Energ.Syst,2014,24(9):1217-1231.
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[11]冯忠信,张建中,杨建军,金属材料在循环加载下塑性变形的传播特性[J].金属学报,1995,31(8):352-355.FENG Zhongxin,ZHANG Jianzhong,YANG Jianjun.Propagation characteristics of plastic deformation of metallic materials under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Metals,1995,31(8):352-355.
[12]张宏博,黄茂松,宋修广.循环荷载作用下粉细砂累积变形的等效黏塑性本构模[J].水利学报,2009,40(6):651-658.ZHANG Hongbo,HUANG Maosong,SONG Xiuguang.The equivalent cumulative deformation under cyclic loading sand viscoplastic constitutive model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(6):651-658.
[13]FAIZ J,BASHIR M,NOORI T.Three-and two-dimensional finite-element computation of inrush current and shortcircuit electromagnetic forces on windings of a three-phase core-type power transformer[J].IEEE Trans.Mag.,2008,44(5):590-597.
[14]LI Z,HAO Z,YAN C.Deformation simulation and analysis of power transformer windings[J].IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC).[s.n.]:IEEE,2016:1445-1449.
[15]ANDERSON O W.Transformer leakage flux program based on the FEM[J].IEEE Trans.PAS,1973(92):682-689.
[16]AHN H,OH Y,KIM J.Experimental verification and finite element analysis of short-circuit electromagnetic force for dry-type transformer[J].IEEE Trans.Mag.,2012,48(2):819-822.
[17]HO S,LI Y,WONG H C,et al.Numerical simulation of transient force and eddy current loss in a 720 MVA power transformer[J].IEEE Trans.Mag.,2004,40(2):687-690.
[18]TANG Y,QIAO J,XU Z.Numerical calculation of shortcircuit electromagnetic forces on the transformer winding[J].IEEE Trans.Mag.,1990,26(2):1039-1041.
[19]ROBERT J C,SELWYN P.Mechanical properties of copper in relation to power-transformer design[J].Power Engineering,1987(5):154-157.
[20]Ansys Inc.Ansys mechanical APDL and mechanical applications theory reference[M].USA:Ansys Theory Reference,Release 13.0,2010.
[2]李洪奎,李岩.不同预紧力下变压器绕组轴向振动模态分析[J].电机与控制学报,2010,14(8):98-101.LI Hongkui,LI Yan.Axial vibration modal analysis of transformer windings under different levels of pre-compression[J].Electric machines and Control,2010,14(8):98-101.
[3]郭健,林鹤云,徐子宏,等.用有限元方法分析电力变压器绕组轴向稳定性[J].高电压技术,2007,33(11):209-212.GUO Jian,LIN Heyun,XU Zihong,et al.Analysis of axial stability of power transformer windings using finite element[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(11):209-212.
[4]孙昕,李岩,李洪奎.变压器箔式绕组的短路电磁力计算[J].变压器,2010,47(12):1-3.SUN Xin,LI Yan,LI Hongkui.Calculation of short circuit electromagnetic force of foil winding in transformer[J].Transformer,2010,47(12):1-3.
[5]王丽君,刘勋.一起电力变压器绕组变形的综合分析[J].变压器,2011,48(6):68-70.WANG Lijun,LIU Xun.Comprehensive analysis of winding deformation of power transformer[J].Transformer,2010,47(12):1-3.
[6]戴文进,刘宝彬.用频率响应法检测变压器绕组的变形[J].高压电器,2004,24(3):24-28.DAI Wenjin,LIU Baobin.Detection of transformer winding deformation by frequency response method[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2004,24(3):24-28.
[7]ZHANG H,WANG S,YUAN D,et al.Double-ladder circuit model of transformer winding for frequency response analysis considering frequency-dependent losses[J].IEEETrans.Mag.,2015,51(11):8402304.
[8]NORRIS E T.Mechanical strength of power transformers in service[J].Proceedings of the IEE-Part A:Power Engineering,1957,104(16):289-300.
[9]BAI Cuifen,GAO Wensheng,LIU Tong.A preliminary study of transformer life estimation based on linear cumulative damage theory[J].Int.Trans.Electr.Energ.Syst,2014,24(9):1217-1231.
[10]姜山,电力变压器绕组变形的受力分析[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.JIANG Shan,Force analysis of winding deformation of power transformer[J].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2012.
[11]冯忠信,张建中,杨建军,金属材料在循环加载下塑性变形的传播特性[J].金属学报,1995,31(8):352-355.FENG Zhongxin,ZHANG Jianzhong,YANG Jianjun.Propagation characteristics of plastic deformation of metallic materials under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Metals,1995,31(8):352-355.
[12]张宏博,黄茂松,宋修广.循环荷载作用下粉细砂累积变形的等效黏塑性本构模[J].水利学报,2009,40(6):651-658.ZHANG Hongbo,HUANG Maosong,SONG Xiuguang.The equivalent cumulative deformation under cyclic loading sand viscoplastic constitutive model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(6):651-658.
[13]FAIZ J,BASHIR M,NOORI T.Three-and two-dimensional finite-element computation of inrush current and shortcircuit electromagnetic forces on windings of a three-phase core-type power transformer[J].IEEE Trans.Mag.,2008,44(5):590-597.
[14]LI Z,HAO Z,YAN C.Deformation simulation and analysis of power transformer windings[J].IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC).[s.n.]:IEEE,2016:1445-1449.
[15]ANDERSON O W.Transformer leakage flux program based on the FEM[J].IEEE Trans.PAS,1973(92):682-689.
[16]AHN H,OH Y,KIM J.Experimental verification and finite element analysis of short-circuit electromagnetic force for dry-type transformer[J].IEEE Trans.Mag.,2012,48(2):819-822.
[17]HO S,LI Y,WONG H C,et al.Numerical simulation of transient force and eddy current loss in a 720 MVA power transformer[J].IEEE Trans.Mag.,2004,40(2):687-690.
[18]TANG Y,QIAO J,XU Z.Numerical calculation of shortcircuit electromagnetic forces on the transformer winding[J].IEEE Trans.Mag.,1990,26(2):1039-1041.
[19]ROBERT J C,SELWYN P.Mechanical properties of copper in relation to power-transformer design[J].Power Engineering,1987(5):154-157.
[20]Ansys Inc.Ansys mechanical APDL and mechanical applications theory reference[M].USA:Ansys Theory Reference,Release 13.0,2010.