长江经济带城市土地利用效率评价
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摘要
城市土地资源的合理有效利用是经济可持续发展的重要保障。以长江经济带108个地级及以上城市为研究对象,运用三阶段DEA模型和Malmquist指数对2005—2015年城市土地利用效率进行静态和动态分析。研究结果表明:(1)剔除外部环境和随机误差因素对城市土地利用效率影响之后,综合效率和纯技术效率显著提高,规模效率、技术进步和全要素生产率呈现不同幅度下降;(2)土地利用效率整体处于较低水平,空间格局呈现下游地区显著高于中、上游地区,长江沿线以南地区显著高于以北地区的分布态势,与纯技术效率联系密切;(3)土地利用规模报酬空间分异明显,长江中上游地区多处于规模报酬递增阶段,而中下游地区投入冗余情况显著;(4)土地利用全要素生产率年均下降0.7%,前期受到规模效率和纯技术效率的抑制,后期由技术进步推动发展,各城市土地利用效率趋于均衡。
The rational and effective utilization of urban land resources is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the economy. Taking 108 prefecture-level cities and above in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as research objects, the three-stage DEA model and Malmquist index are used to analyze the static and dynamic urban land use efficiency from 2005 to 2015. We found that the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency significantly increased, while scale efficiency, technological progress and total factor productivity decreased to varying degrees after excluding external environment and random error factors. The overall urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is at a low level, and the scale efficiency is relatively high. The spatial distribution of land use scale remuneration is significantly different,land use scale remuneration in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River is in the stage of increasing, while the middle and lower reaches of the region show redundant inputs. The efficiency of land use among all cities shows that the distribution of land use efficiency in the downstream area is significantly higher than that in the middle and upper reaches, and the area south of the Yangtze River is significantly higher than that in the north, closely related to pure technical efficiency. The Malmquist Index shows an annual average of 0.7% decline in total factor productivity of land use, and it is mainly affected by technical efficiency. In the early stage, the Malmquist efficiency index is restrained by the scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency, while the latter is promoted by technological progress. Urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt tends to be balanced.
The rational and effective utilization of urban land resources is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the economy. Taking 108 prefecture-level cities and above in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as research objects, the three-stage DEA model and Malmquist index are used to analyze the static and dynamic urban land use efficiency from 2005 to 2015. We found that the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency significantly increased, while scale efficiency, technological progress and total factor productivity decreased to varying degrees after excluding external environment and random error factors. The overall urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is at a low level, and the scale efficiency is relatively high. The spatial distribution of land use scale remuneration is significantly different,land use scale remuneration in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River is in the stage of increasing, while the middle and lower reaches of the region show redundant inputs. The efficiency of land use among all cities shows that the distribution of land use efficiency in the downstream area is significantly higher than that in the middle and upper reaches, and the area south of the Yangtze River is significantly higher than that in the north, closely related to pure technical efficiency. The Malmquist Index shows an annual average of 0.7% decline in total factor productivity of land use, and it is mainly affected by technical efficiency. In the early stage, the Malmquist efficiency index is restrained by the scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency, while the latter is promoted by technological progress. Urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt tends to be balanced.
引文
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[8]Yeh G O,Wu F.The new land development process and urban development in Chinese cities[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Studies,1996,20(2):330-353.
[9]Sui D Z.GIS-based urban modeling:Practices,problems and prospects[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,1998,12(7):651-671.
[10]Chafer M,Wright G L.An Analysis of Land Capability Assessment Using Remotely Sensed Date[C].Melbourne:The Australian Remote Sensing Conference Proceedings,1994.
[11]Abdullah M.Urban Planning and Monitoring Changes Using ERMapper[C].Taibei:The 21st Asian Conference on Remote Sensing,2000.
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[13]陈志辉,祝甲山.浅议城市土地利用及其评价[J].城市问题,2002,(6):62-64.[Chen Z H,Zhu J S.Urban land use and assessment[J].Urban Problems,2002,(6):62-64.]
[14]刘传明,李红,贺巧宁.湖南省土地利用效率空间差异及优化对策[J].经济地理,2010,30(11):1890-1896.[Liu C M,Li H,He QN.The spatial difference and optimizing countermeasures of land use efficiency in Hunan province[J].Economic Geography,2010,30(11):1890-1896.]
[15]王良健,李辉,石川.中国城市土地利用效率及其溢出效应与影响因素[J].地理学报,2015,70(11):1788-1799.[Wang L J,Li H,Shi C.Urban land-use efficiency,spatial spillover,and determinants in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(11):1788-1799.]
[16]王国刚,刘彦随,方方.环渤海地区土地利用效益综合测度及空间分异[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(4):649-656.[Wang G G,Liu Y S,Fang F.Comprehensive evaluation and spatial distinction of land use efficiency around Bohai Rim in China[J].Progress in Geography,2013,32(4):649-656.]
[17]宋戈,高楠.基于DEA方法的城市土地利用经济效益分析-以哈尔滨市为例[J].地理科学,2008,28(2):185-188.[Song G,Gao N.Economic benefit analysis of urban land utilization based on DEA method-a case of Harbin city[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(2):185-188.]
[18]杨海泉,胡毅,王秋香.2001~2012年中国三大城市群土地利用效率评价研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(9):1095-1100.[Yang HQ,Hu Y,Wang Q X.Evaluation of land use efficiency in three major urban agglomerations of China in 2001-2012[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(9):1095-1100.]
[19]叶浩,庄大昌,杨蕾.广东省城市土地集约利用水平评价-基于计量经济学的研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(10):1664-1074.[Ye H,Zhuang D C,Yang L.Evaluation of urban land intensive use in Guangdong province:based on econometric model[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(10):1664-1074.]
[20]孙雁,刘志强,王秋兵,等.1910-2010年沈阳城市土地利用空间结构演变特征[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(9):1204-1211.[Sun Y,Liu Z Q,Wang Q B,et al.Spatial structure evolution of urban land use in Shenyang during 1910-2010[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(9):1204-1211.]
[21]岳立,李文波.环境约束下的中国典型城市土地利用效率-基于DDF-Global Malmquist-Luenberger指数方法的分析[J].资源科学,2017,39(4):597-607.[Yue L,Li W B.Typical urban land use efficiency in China under environmental constraints based on DDF-Global Malmquist-Luenberger index modeling[J].Resources Science,2017,39(4):597-607.]
[22]梁流涛,赵庆良,陈聪.中国城市土地利用效率空间分异特征及优化路径分析:基于287个地级以上城市的实证研究[J].中国土地科学,2013,27(7):48-54.[Liang L T,Zhao Q L,Chen C.Analysis on the characters of spatial disparity of urban land use efficiency and its optimization in China[J].China Land Sciences,2013,27(7):48-54.]
[23]张荣天,焦华富.长江经济带城市土地利用效率格局演变及驱动机制研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(3):387-394.[Zhang R T,Jiao H F.Urban land use efficiency pattern evolution and driving mechanism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(3):387-394.]
[24]林坚,马珣.中国城市群土地利用效率测度[J].城市问题,2014,(5):9-15.[Lin J,Ma X.Measurement of land use efficiency in Chinese urban agglomerations[J].Urban Problems,2014,(5):9-15.]
[25]李郇,徐现祥,陈浩辉.20世纪90年代中国城市效率的时空变化[J].地理学报,2005,60(4):615-625.[Li X,Xu X X,Chen HH.Temporal and spatial changes of urban efficiency in the 1990s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(4):615-625.]
[26]赵丹丹,胡业翠.城市土地利用效率与城市化耦合协调性研究-以我国285个地级及以上城市为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):291-298.[Zhao D D,Hu Y C.Analysis of coordinative and harmonious degree between urban land use efficiency and urbanization-a case study on 285 cities at prefecture level or above[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(1):291-298.]
[27]杨勇,郎永建.开放条件下内陆地区城镇化对土地利用效率的影响及区位差异[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(10):19-26.[Yang Y,Lang Y J.Impacts of urbanization on land use efficiency and its regional difference in inland area of China regarding the opening reform[J].China Land Sciences,2011,25(10):19-26.]
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