中国城市绿色发展效率测度
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摘要
运用SBM方向性距离函数测算了我国260个城市的绿色发展效率,分析了其无效率的来源,并使用空间面板计量模型和门槛面板模型对城市规模与绿色发展效率的关系进行了实证分析。结果显示:忽略生态环境和社会福利将会高估真实的城市效率水平,环境污染是我国城市绿色发展无效率的主要来源;东部地区城市绿色发展效率高于中西部。空间计量模型估计结果表明,城市规模对绿色发展效率的影响呈现倒U型关系,绿色发展效率存在较强的空间关联性。门槛模型分析结果显示,城市规模对绿色发展效率的影响随着规模的上升而呈现出显著的区间效应:城市规模并非越大越好,当城市规模超过一定数值后,其规模扩大不会带来绿色发展效率的改善,甚至会产生消极影响。
This essay applies SBM Directional Distance Function to measure green development efficiency of 260 prefecture-level cities and examines sources of inefficiency. It conducts an empirical analysis to the relationship between urban scale and green development efficiency using spatial panel model and Threshold Panel Model. The major conclusions are as follows: Ignoring ecological environment and social welfare will be overestimated the real urban efficiency,and environmental pollution is the main source of inefficiency; The green development efficiency of eastern cities is higher than that in central and western. The estimation results of Spatial Measurement Model show that the influence of urban scale on urban green development efficiency is nonlinear inverted U-type and the urban green development efficiency has strong spatial correlation. The Threshold Model shows that the influence of urban scale on urban green development efficiency shows significant interval effect with increasing of scale,that is,urban scale is not the bigger the better. When the city size exceeds a certain value,its expansion will not bring about an improvement in the efficiency of green development,or even have a negative impact.
This essay applies SBM Directional Distance Function to measure green development efficiency of 260 prefecture-level cities and examines sources of inefficiency. It conducts an empirical analysis to the relationship between urban scale and green development efficiency using spatial panel model and Threshold Panel Model. The major conclusions are as follows: Ignoring ecological environment and social welfare will be overestimated the real urban efficiency,and environmental pollution is the main source of inefficiency; The green development efficiency of eastern cities is higher than that in central and western. The estimation results of Spatial Measurement Model show that the influence of urban scale on urban green development efficiency is nonlinear inverted U-type and the urban green development efficiency has strong spatial correlation. The Threshold Model shows that the influence of urban scale on urban green development efficiency shows significant interval effect with increasing of scale,that is,urban scale is not the bigger the better. When the city size exceeds a certain value,its expansion will not bring about an improvement in the efficiency of green development,or even have a negative impact.
引文
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[29]单豪杰.中国资本存量的再估算:1952-2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(10):17-31
[30]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省级物质资本存量估算:1952-2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44
[31]Zheng,J.,Liu,X.,Bigsten,A.Ownership structure and determinants of technical efficiency:and application of data envelopment analysis to Chinese enterprises(1986-1990)[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,1998(3):456-484
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[37]Au,C.,Henderson,V.Are Chinese cities too small[J].The Review of Economic Studies,2006(3):549-576
[2]Zheng,J.,Bigsten,A.,Hu,A.Can China’s growth be sustained?A productivity perspective[J].World Development,2009(4):874-888
[3]王志刚,龚六堂,陈玉宇.地区间生产效率与全要素生产率增长率分解(1978-2003)[J].中国社会科学,2006(2):55-66
[4]朱承亮,岳宏志,李婷.中国经济增长效率及其影响因素的实证分析:1985-2007年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(9):52-63
[5]杨开忠,谢燮.中国城市投入产出有效性的数据包络分析[J].地理学与国土研究,2002(3):45-47
[6]李郇,徐现祥,陈浩辉.20世纪90年代中国城市效率的时空变化[J].地理学报,2005(4):615-625
[7]戴永安.中国城市效率差异及其影响因素---基于地级及以上城市面板数据的研究[J].上海经济研究,2010(12):12-19
[8]潘竟虎,尹君.中国地级以上城市发展效率差异的DEA-ES-DA测度[J].经济地理,2012(12):53-60
[9]高春亮.1998-2003:我国城市技术效率与规模效率实证研究[J].上海经济研究,2006(6):36-42
[10]袁晓玲,张宝山,张小妮.基于超效率DEA的城市效率演变特征[J].城市发展研究,2008(6):102-107
[11]张军涛,刘建国.城市效率及其溢出效应---以东北三省34个地级市为例[J].经济地理,2011(4):578-583,590
[12]Hailu,A.,Veeman,T.S.Environmentally sensitive productivity analysis of the Canadian pulp and paper industry,1959-1994:an input distance function approach[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2000(3):251-274
[13]Ramanathan,R.An analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in countries of the Middle East and North Africa[J].Energy,2005(15):2831-2842
[14]匡远凤,彭代彦.中国环境生产效率与环境全要素生产率分析[J].经济研究,2012(7):62-74
[15]王兵,吴延瑞,颜鹏飞.中国区域环境效率与环境全要素生产率增长[J].经济研究,2010(5):95-109
[16]Fare,R.,Grosskopf,S.Directional distance function and slacks-based measures of efficiency[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2010(1):320-322
[17]Fukuyama,H.,William,L.W.A directional slacks-based measure of technical inefficiency[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,2009(4):274-287
[18]Tone,K.A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2001(3):498-509
[19]Chambers,R.G.,Fare,R.,Grosskopf,S.Productivity growth in APEC countries[J].Pacific Economic Review,1996(3):181-190
[20]Alonso,W.The economics of urban size[R].Papers of the Regional Science Association,1971:71-83
[21]Sveikauskas,L.The productivity of cities[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1975(3):393-413
[22]Segal,D.Are there returns to scale in city size?[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics,1976(3):339-350
[23]Prud’s homme,R.,Lee,C.W.Size,sprawl,speed and the efficiency of cities[J].Urban Studies,1999(11):1849-1858
[24]陈良文,杨开忠.生产率、城市规模与经济密度:对城市集聚经济效应的实证研究[J].贵州社会科学,2007(2):113-119
[25]席强敏.城市效率与城市规模关系的实证分析---基于2001-2009年我国城市面板数据[J].经济问题,2012(10):37-41
[26]柯善咨,赵曜.产业结构、城市规模与中国城市生产率[J].经济研究,2014(4):76-88+115
[27]Fare,R.,Grosskopf,S.,Pasurka,C.A.Environmental production functions and environmental directional distance functions[J].Energy,2007(7):1055-1066
[28]Cooper,W.W.,Seiford,L.M.,Tone,K.Data envelopment analysis:a comprehensive text with models,application,references and DEA-Solver Software[M].Springer,2007:99-106.
[29]单豪杰.中国资本存量的再估算:1952-2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(10):17-31
[30]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省级物质资本存量估算:1952-2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44
[31]Zheng,J.,Liu,X.,Bigsten,A.Ownership structure and determinants of technical efficiency:and application of data envelopment analysis to Chinese enterprises(1986-1990)[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,1998(3):456-484
[32]Holdren,J.P.,Ehrlich,P.R.Human population and the global environment[J].American Scientist,1974(3):282-292
[33]Dietz,T.,Rose,E.A.Effect of population and affluence on CO2 emissions[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1997(1):175-179
[34]York,R.,Rose,E.A.,Dietz,T.STIRPAT and impact:analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts[J].Ecological Economics,2003(3):351-365
[35]Hansen,B.E.Sample splitting and threshold estimation[J].Econometrica,2000(3):575-603
[36]Copeland,B.R.,Taylor,M.S.Trade,growth and environment[J].Journal of Economic Literature,2004(1):7-71
[37]Au,C.,Henderson,V.Are Chinese cities too small[J].The Review of Economic Studies,2006(3):549-576