传统舞蹈类非遗信息资源分类原则刍议
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摘要
科学、规范的非物质文化遗产信息资源分类方法是非物质文化遗产保护与传承的必要条件,然而目前我国尚未总结出一套系统、权威的分类方法。文章以我国传统舞蹈类非物质文化遗产信息资源为研究对象,采用文献调研法和案例分析法,在掌握非物质文化遗产及其信息资源分类方法研究成果的基础上,调研比较九个传统舞蹈类非物质文化遗产数据库,探讨其信息资源的分类方式。研究发现:非物质文化遗产的分类呈现出全国性保护法规和政策以申报为导向、非物质文化遗产学界的分类研究以单线性为主,图情学界的分类研究以多层次为方向的特征;现有数据库所收录的信息资源通常采用非物质文化遗产项目分类系统,存在分类层级简单化、结构层次扁平化、类目设置科学性不足等问题。文章建议采用分面分类理论编制非物质文化遗产信息资源分类方法。具体而言,知识大纲编制遵循非物质文化遗产分类法的类目设置,分面和亚面的划分应充分参酌成熟的权威分类法,同时考虑各具体项目的信息资源所属的知识领域或主题,以及该知识领域或主题的属性划分逻辑。
Scientific and normative classification of intangible cultural heritage information resources is the necessary condition for intangible cultural heritage protection. However,there is no a systematic and authoritative classification method in China. Focusing on the classification of intangible cultural heritage information resources of traditional Chinese dance, this paper uses literature research method and case analysis method to analyze the existing research and investigates 9 intangible cultural heritage databases of traditional Chinese dance. The paper finds out:(1) the classification of intangible cultural heritage shows that the national protection regulations and policies are declaration-oriented,the research of classification of intangible cultural heritage science is dominated by single linearity,and the research of classification of library and information science was characterized by multilevel directions;(2) The information resources included in the existing database generally use the intangible cultural heritage project classification system which has problems such as the existence of the simple classification,flattening structure, and the absence of scientific and reasonable of category setting and so on. The paper recommends organizing intangible cultural heritage information resources based on faceted classification theory,and provides the examples on traditional Chinese dance. Specifically, the organization of its knowledge outline should abide by the current category setting for intangible cultural heritage classification. The division of facets and sub-faces shall fully deliberate the existing authoritative classification methods,considering the knowledge fields or themes belonging to the information resources of the specific items and the division logic of attributes for the knowledge fields or themes.
Scientific and normative classification of intangible cultural heritage information resources is the necessary condition for intangible cultural heritage protection. However,there is no a systematic and authoritative classification method in China. Focusing on the classification of intangible cultural heritage information resources of traditional Chinese dance, this paper uses literature research method and case analysis method to analyze the existing research and investigates 9 intangible cultural heritage databases of traditional Chinese dance. The paper finds out:(1) the classification of intangible cultural heritage shows that the national protection regulations and policies are declaration-oriented,the research of classification of intangible cultural heritage science is dominated by single linearity,and the research of classification of library and information science was characterized by multilevel directions;(2) The information resources included in the existing database generally use the intangible cultural heritage project classification system which has problems such as the existence of the simple classification,flattening structure, and the absence of scientific and reasonable of category setting and so on. The paper recommends organizing intangible cultural heritage information resources based on faceted classification theory,and provides the examples on traditional Chinese dance. Specifically, the organization of its knowledge outline should abide by the current category setting for intangible cultural heritage classification. The division of facets and sub-faces shall fully deliberate the existing authoritative classification methods,considering the knowledge fields or themes belonging to the information resources of the specific items and the division logic of attributes for the knowledge fields or themes.
引文
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[13]刘灿姣,阳利新.我国非物质文化遗产数字化保护的研究述评[J].图书馆,2016(2):15-20.
[16]国务院办公厅关于加强我国非物质文化遗产保护工作的意见(国办发[2005]18号)[EB/OL].[2017-09-09].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2005/content_63227.htm.
[2]国务院办公厅印发《关于加强我国非物质文化遗产保护工作的意见》[N].人民日报,2005-04-27(02).
[3]中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法[N].人民日报,2011-08-05(08).
[4]中国非物质文化遗产网.国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目[EB/OL].[2017-09-09]. http://www.ihchina.cn/5/5_1.html.
[5][14]周耀林,王咏梅,戴旸.论我国非物质文化遗产分类方法的重构[J].江汉大学学报(人文科学版),2012(2):30-36.
[6][15]宋丽华,董涛,李万社.非物质文化遗产分类的问题解析与体系重构[J].国家图书馆学刊,2014(3):86-92.
[7]中国民族民间文化保护工程国家中心.中国民族民间文化保护工程普查工作手册[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2005.
[8]国务院关于公布第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的通知(国发[2006] 18号)[EB/OL].(2006-06-02)[2017-09-09]. http://www. gov.cn/zwgk/2006-06/02/content_297946.htm.
[9]国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知(国发[2008] 19号)[EB/OL].(2008-06-14)[2017-09-09]. http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2008-06/14/content_1016331.htm.
[10]向云驹.人类口头和非物质遗产[M].银川:宁夏人民教育出版社,2004:序.
[11]苑利,顾军.非物质文化遗产分类学研究[J].河南社会科学,2013(6):58-62.
[12]王文章.非物质文化遗产概论[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2013:291.
[13]刘灿姣,阳利新.我国非物质文化遗产数字化保护的研究述评[J].图书馆,2016(2):15-20.
[16]国务院办公厅关于加强我国非物质文化遗产保护工作的意见(国办发[2005]18号)[EB/OL].[2017-09-09].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2005/content_63227.htm.