珠三角“代耕农”群体的生计与困境——基于341户“代耕农”的田野调查
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摘要
"代耕农"是珠三角农村地区一类特殊的外来群体。自20世纪70年代末开始,"代耕农"为广东农业发展贡献了许多力量,然而其本身的发展却受到经济转型与多方因素的制约。究竟"代耕农"群体生计状况是怎样的?导致他们发展困境的主要原因是什么?为了回答这些问题,本研究采用问卷调查与访谈相结合的方法,通过分层抽样方法抽取珠三角地区341户"代耕农",了解"代耕农"的基本情况、耕地情况、经济和生活状况。本文从人力资本理论、制度性限制、社会排斥理论出发对"代耕农"生存困境展开讨论,并提出了一个综合的模型进行解释。本文认为制度性限制是导致"代耕农"生存困境的核心所在。最后,本文对如何促进"代耕农"群体融入迁入地,共享珠三角发展成果提出若干政策建议。
"Substitute farmer"is a special group of migrants in Pearl River Delta. Since 1970 s, "substitute farmer"has contributed to the development of first industry in Guangdong,yet this group encounters challenges of living due to economic transition and constraints in different levels at present. What is the living of "substitute farmer"? Why does this group run into difficulties during recent times? To answer these questions,this study applies survey and interview on a sample of 341 "substitute farmer"family by stratified sampling techniques,to gain understanding on their livings and social life. We explain their challenges of living from social capital theory,structural constraint theory and social exclusion theory in a collective model,of which structural constraint is the main reason. In the end,we provide policy implications that motivate "substitute farmers" to involve in the place they migrated to and share the development of Pearl River Delta in the future.
"Substitute farmer"is a special group of migrants in Pearl River Delta. Since 1970 s, "substitute farmer"has contributed to the development of first industry in Guangdong,yet this group encounters challenges of living due to economic transition and constraints in different levels at present. What is the living of "substitute farmer"? Why does this group run into difficulties during recent times? To answer these questions,this study applies survey and interview on a sample of 341 "substitute farmer"family by stratified sampling techniques,to gain understanding on their livings and social life. We explain their challenges of living from social capital theory,structural constraint theory and social exclusion theory in a collective model,of which structural constraint is the main reason. In the end,we provide policy implications that motivate "substitute farmers" to involve in the place they migrated to and share the development of Pearl River Delta in the future.
引文
[1]崔岩.流动人口心理层面的社会融入和身份认同问题研究[J].社会学研究,2012:141-160.
[2]刘林平,张春泥.农民工工资:人力资本、社会资本、企业制度还是社会环境——珠江三角洲农民工工资的决定模型[J].社会学研究,2007,(6):114-137.
[3]景晓芬.“社会排斥”理论研究综述[J].甘肃理论学刊,2004,(2):20-24.
[4]李强.影响中国城乡流动人口的推力与拉力因素分析[J].中国社会科学,2003,(1):125-136.
[5]李斌.社会排斥理论与中国城市住房改革制度[J].社会科学研究,2002,(3):106-110.
[6]庞圣民.当代中国地位获得模式分析——基于2008年中国综合社会调查[J].宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,(5):118-124.
[7]李忠路,邱泽奇.家庭背景如何影响儿童学业成就——义务教育阶段家庭社会经济地位影响差异分析[J].社会学研究,2016,(4):121-144.
[8]陶晓勇.珠江三角洲地区的代耕经营及其经济、社会影响[J].农业经济问题,1986,(10):16-18.
[9]Iceland J.&Scopilliti M.(2008).Immigrant residential segregation in US metropolitan areas,1990-2000.Demography,45,(1),79-94.
(1)事实上,一些城市已经开始陆续出台相应政策,如珠海市2015年《关于解决我市“代耕农”问题的指导意见》中规定吸收符合条件的“代耕农”加入珠海非农业户口,同时把“代耕农”纳入当地社会保障体系。
[2]刘林平,张春泥.农民工工资:人力资本、社会资本、企业制度还是社会环境——珠江三角洲农民工工资的决定模型[J].社会学研究,2007,(6):114-137.
[3]景晓芬.“社会排斥”理论研究综述[J].甘肃理论学刊,2004,(2):20-24.
[4]李强.影响中国城乡流动人口的推力与拉力因素分析[J].中国社会科学,2003,(1):125-136.
[5]李斌.社会排斥理论与中国城市住房改革制度[J].社会科学研究,2002,(3):106-110.
[6]庞圣民.当代中国地位获得模式分析——基于2008年中国综合社会调查[J].宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,(5):118-124.
[7]李忠路,邱泽奇.家庭背景如何影响儿童学业成就——义务教育阶段家庭社会经济地位影响差异分析[J].社会学研究,2016,(4):121-144.
[8]陶晓勇.珠江三角洲地区的代耕经营及其经济、社会影响[J].农业经济问题,1986,(10):16-18.
[9]Iceland J.&Scopilliti M.(2008).Immigrant residential segregation in US metropolitan areas,1990-2000.Demography,45,(1),79-94.
(1)事实上,一些城市已经开始陆续出台相应政策,如珠海市2015年《关于解决我市“代耕农”问题的指导意见》中规定吸收符合条件的“代耕农”加入珠海非农业户口,同时把“代耕农”纳入当地社会保障体系。