神农架国家公园植物采集史及模式标本名录
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摘要
本文基于标本及文献数据对神农架国家公园高等植物标本采集史进行简要概述。该地区有着近140年的标本采集历史,最早对神农架地区进行植物标本采集的是爱尔兰植物学家Augustine Henry。中国科学院武汉植物园标本馆(HIB)收藏了采自该地区的21,402份标本,居首位;其次为中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)16,483份、华中农业大学博物馆(CCAU)1,851份。标本采集年份主要集中在1956–1959、1976–1981、1985–1987三个时间段,其中以1976年采集数量为最多。标本采集月份主要集中在4–11月,8月采集量最大。不同植物的标本数量两极分化严重,标本量多的如桦叶荚蒾(Viburnum betulifolium),高达295份,然而有612种植物的标本量仅1份,约2/3的植物标本量少于10份。因而,在今后的采集工作中我们应该将重心置于标本数量不足的物种和类群,而标本数量过剩的类群则应减少或停止采集;植物标本的采集过程应尽可能全覆盖,突出对高海拔、峡谷、石壁、无人区等特殊生境的调查。采集时间上应该注重春、冬二季。此外,我们对该地区的维管植物模式标本进行了考证,编制了《神农架国家公园维管植物模式标本名录》。该地区共有维管植物模式标本39种2变种3变型,隶属24科34属。对神农架国家公园维管植物模式标本的整理为履行联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心的要求及进一步开展神农架遗产的管理与保护提供了依据。
Here we provide a brief overview of the history of higher plant collection in the Shennongjia National Park based on a literature review and specimen data. The local history of collecting dates back 140 years to when Irish botanist Augustine Henry first visited the area. Since then, 21,402 specimens collected in the Shennongjia region have been added to the herbarium of the Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences(HIB); 16,483 specimens are in the herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences(PE) and 1,851 specimens are in the museum of Huazhong Agricultural University(CCAU). Most of the specimens were collected during three periods: 1956–1959, 1976–1981, and 1985–1987; with a peak of collecting in 1976. Most specimens were collected between April and November, with August being the month with maximum collection. The number of specimens of each varies greatly, from the 295 specimens of Viburnum betulifolium to a single specimen of 612 species; nearly 2/3 of the species are represented by fewer than ten specimens. Thus, more effort should be focus on collecting insufficiently sampled taxa rather than on those already well represented. All areas should be covered as thoroughly as possible, especially difficult to reach habitats at high elevations, in valleys, on cliffs, and in less-populated areas. Additional fieldwork should be undertaken in less favorable growing seasons, such as in winter and early spring. Thirty nine species, two varieties, and three forms, representing 34 genera in 24 families have been described from Shennongjia. The checklist provides references for meeting the requirements for United Nations World Natural Heritage Site status and for its management and conservation.
Here we provide a brief overview of the history of higher plant collection in the Shennongjia National Park based on a literature review and specimen data. The local history of collecting dates back 140 years to when Irish botanist Augustine Henry first visited the area. Since then, 21,402 specimens collected in the Shennongjia region have been added to the herbarium of the Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences(HIB); 16,483 specimens are in the herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences(PE) and 1,851 specimens are in the museum of Huazhong Agricultural University(CCAU). Most of the specimens were collected during three periods: 1956–1959, 1976–1981, and 1985–1987; with a peak of collecting in 1976. Most specimens were collected between April and November, with August being the month with maximum collection. The number of specimens of each varies greatly, from the 295 specimens of Viburnum betulifolium to a single specimen of 612 species; nearly 2/3 of the species are represented by fewer than ten specimens. Thus, more effort should be focus on collecting insufficiently sampled taxa rather than on those already well represented. All areas should be covered as thoroughly as possible, especially difficult to reach habitats at high elevations, in valleys, on cliffs, and in less-populated areas. Additional fieldwork should be undertaken in less favorable growing seasons, such as in winter and early spring. Thirty nine species, two varieties, and three forms, representing 34 genera in 24 families have been described from Shennongjia. The checklist provides references for meeting the requirements for United Nations World Natural Heritage Site status and for its management and conservation.
引文
Bartholomew B,Boufford DE,Chang AL,Cheng Z,Dudley T,He SA,Jin YX,Li LY,Luteyn JL,Spongberg SA,Sun SC,Tang YC,Wan JX,Ying TS(1983)The 1980 Sino American Botanical Expedition to western Hubei Province,People’s Republic of China,Journal of the Arnold Arboretum,64,1-99.
Bretschneider EV(1898)History of European Botanical Discoveries in China,Vol.I-II.Sampson Low,Marston and Company,London.
Chen YS(2012)A new species and a new combination in Parasenecio(Asteraceae).Annales Botanici Fennici,48,166-168.
Deng T,Kim C,Zhang DG,Zhang JW,Li ZM,Nie ZL,Sun H(2013)Zhengyia shennongensis:A new bulbiliferous genus and species of the nettle family(Urticaceae)from Central China exhibiting parallel evolution of the bulbil trait.Taxon,62,89-99.
Deng T,Zhang XS,Kim C,Zhang JW,Zhang DG,Volis S(2016)Mazus sunhangii(Mazaceae),a new species discovered in Central China appears to be highly endangered.PLoS ONE,11,e0163581.
Dosmann MS,Tredici PD(2005)The Sino-American Botanical Expedition of 1980:A retrospective analysis of success.Hort Sciences,40,302-303.
Fan DY,Gao XM,Yang Y,Xiong GM,Shen GZ,Zhao CM,Xu WT,Zhou YB,Xie ZQ(2017a)Archaic nature of seed plants from Shennongjia World Heritage Site,China.Plant Science Journal,35,835-843.(in Chinese with English abstract)[樊大勇,高贤明,杨永,熊高明,申国珍,赵常明,徐文婷,周友兵,谢宗强(2017)神农架世界自然遗产地种子植物科属的古老性.植物科学学报,35,835-843.]
Kong XX,Wang PS(1997)New materials for the Cyrtomium Presl of China.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,3,23-25.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孔宪需,王培善(1997)中国贯众属的新资料.应用与环境生物学报,3,23-25.]
Li WP,Zhang ZG(2004)Aster shennongjiaensis(Asteraceae),a new species from Central China.Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica,45,95-99.
Liu Q,Xie D,Chen YX,Yang KH,Zhang DG(2017)Three newly recorded genera of Brassicaceae in Hubei.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,37,1672-1676.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘群,谢丹,陈庸新,杨开华,张代贵(2017)湖北十字花科3新记录属.西北植物学报,37,1672-1676.]
Sargent CS(1917)Plantae Wilsonianae,Vol.3.The University Press,Cambridge.
Shen ZH,Zhao ZE(2005)Arenaria shennongjiaensis,a new species of the Caryophyllaceae from Hubei,China.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,43,73-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)[沈泽昊,赵子恩(2005)湖北无心菜属(石竹科)一新种--神农架无心菜.植物分类学报,43,73-75.]
Species Catalogue of China Editorial Board(2013-2018)Species Catalogue of China:Volume Plants.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[中国生物物种名录编委会(2013-2018)中国生物物种名录(植物卷).科学出版社,北京.]
Wang YZ,Qin HN,Fu DZ(2004)A brief collection history of Chinese plants.In:Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,Tomus 1(eds Wu ZY,Chen XQ),pp.658-733.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[王印政,覃海宁,傅德志(2004)中国植物采集简史.见:中国植物志第一卷第六章(吴征镒,陈心启编),658-733页.科学出版社,北京.]
Wilson EH(1913)A Naturalist in Western China,Vol.1.Methuen,London.
Wu Y,Pan HX,Duan XY,Zhang B,Xie ZX,Zhang DG(2017)Eight plant new records in Hubei Province.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science),32,727-730.(in Chinese with English abstract)[吴玉,潘茴香,段晓云,张博,谢正新,张代贵(2017)湖北植物新记录8种.云南农业大学学报(自然科学),32,727-730.]
Xie D,Qian D,Zhang MH,Wang YQ,Wu Y,Huang LQ,Zhang DG(2017)Phytolacca exiensis,a new species of Phytolaccaceae from west of Hubei Province,China.Phytotaxa,331,224-232.
Xie D,Wu MH,Zhang B,Xun M,Zhang DG(2018)New record of ferns in Hubei Province.Guihaia,38,1480-1485.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢丹,吴名鹤,张博,寻敏,张代贵(2018)湖北蕨类植物新记录.广西植物,38,1480-1485.]
Xie D,Wu Y,Xiao JW,Xie ZX,Chen YX,He WQ,Zhang DG(2017a)New records of medicinal plants in Hubei.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,42,4436-4440.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢丹,吴玉,肖佳伟,谢正新,陈庸新,贺文琪,张代贵(2017a)湖北药用植物新记录.中国中药杂志,42,4436-4440.]
Xie D,Zhang C,Zhang MH,Wu MH,Zhang DG(2017b)New records of monocotyledon plants in Hubei.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,37,815-819.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢丹,张成,张梦华,吴名鹤,张代贵(2017b)湖北单子叶植物新记录.西北植物学报,37,815-819.]
Xie ZQ,Shen GZ,Zhou YB,Fan DY,Xu WT,Gao XM,Du YJ,Xiong GM,Zhao CM,Zhu Y,Lai JS(2017)The outstanding universal value and conservation of the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site.Biodiversity Science,25,490-497.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢宗强,申国珍,周友兵,樊大勇,徐文婷,高贤明,杜彦君,熊高明,赵常明,祝燕,赖江山(2017)神农架世界自然遗产地的全球突出普遍价值及其保护.生物多样性,25,490-497.]
Yang JY,Yang KH,Liao MY,Zhou JJ,Chu ZF,Chen YX,Deng T,Zhang DG(2013)Circaeasteraceae-A new recorded angiosperm family from Hubei.Amino Acids&Biotic Resources,35(1),25-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨敬元,杨开华,廖明尧,周建军,储昭福,陈庸新,邓涛,张代贵(2013)星叶草科--湖北被子植物一新记录科.氨基酸和生物资源,35(1),25-27.]
Yu Q,Xie ZQ,Xiong GM,Chen ZG,Yang JY(2008)Community characteristics and population structure of dominant species of Abies fargesii forests in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,28,1931-1941.(in Chinese with English abstract)[于倩,谢宗强,熊高明,陈志刚,杨敬元(2008)神农架巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)林群落特征及其优势种群结构.生态学报,28,1931-1941.]
Zhang YJ,Li JQ(2009)A new species of Epimedium(Berberidaceae)from Hubei,China.Novon,19,567-569.
Zhou YB,Yu XL,Wu N,Shen GZ,Xiong GM,Xu WT,Fan DY,Zhao CM,Xie ZQ(2017)A catalogue of animal type specimens from the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site,China.Biodiversity Sciences,25,513-517.(in Chinese with English abstract)[周友兵,余小林,吴楠,申国珍,熊高明,徐文婷,樊大勇,赵常明,谢宗强(2017)神农架世界自然遗产地动物模式标本名录.生物多样性,25,513-517.]
Bretschneider EV(1898)History of European Botanical Discoveries in China,Vol.I-II.Sampson Low,Marston and Company,London.
Chen YS(2012)A new species and a new combination in Parasenecio(Asteraceae).Annales Botanici Fennici,48,166-168.
Deng T,Kim C,Zhang DG,Zhang JW,Li ZM,Nie ZL,Sun H(2013)Zhengyia shennongensis:A new bulbiliferous genus and species of the nettle family(Urticaceae)from Central China exhibiting parallel evolution of the bulbil trait.Taxon,62,89-99.
Deng T,Zhang XS,Kim C,Zhang JW,Zhang DG,Volis S(2016)Mazus sunhangii(Mazaceae),a new species discovered in Central China appears to be highly endangered.PLoS ONE,11,e0163581.
Dosmann MS,Tredici PD(2005)The Sino-American Botanical Expedition of 1980:A retrospective analysis of success.Hort Sciences,40,302-303.
Fan DY,Gao XM,Yang Y,Xiong GM,Shen GZ,Zhao CM,Xu WT,Zhou YB,Xie ZQ(2017a)Archaic nature of seed plants from Shennongjia World Heritage Site,China.Plant Science Journal,35,835-843.(in Chinese with English abstract)[樊大勇,高贤明,杨永,熊高明,申国珍,赵常明,徐文婷,周友兵,谢宗强(2017)神农架世界自然遗产地种子植物科属的古老性.植物科学学报,35,835-843.]
Kong XX,Wang PS(1997)New materials for the Cyrtomium Presl of China.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,3,23-25.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孔宪需,王培善(1997)中国贯众属的新资料.应用与环境生物学报,3,23-25.]
Li WP,Zhang ZG(2004)Aster shennongjiaensis(Asteraceae),a new species from Central China.Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica,45,95-99.
Liu Q,Xie D,Chen YX,Yang KH,Zhang DG(2017)Three newly recorded genera of Brassicaceae in Hubei.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,37,1672-1676.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘群,谢丹,陈庸新,杨开华,张代贵(2017)湖北十字花科3新记录属.西北植物学报,37,1672-1676.]
Sargent CS(1917)Plantae Wilsonianae,Vol.3.The University Press,Cambridge.
Shen ZH,Zhao ZE(2005)Arenaria shennongjiaensis,a new species of the Caryophyllaceae from Hubei,China.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,43,73-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)[沈泽昊,赵子恩(2005)湖北无心菜属(石竹科)一新种--神农架无心菜.植物分类学报,43,73-75.]
Species Catalogue of China Editorial Board(2013-2018)Species Catalogue of China:Volume Plants.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[中国生物物种名录编委会(2013-2018)中国生物物种名录(植物卷).科学出版社,北京.]
Wang YZ,Qin HN,Fu DZ(2004)A brief collection history of Chinese plants.In:Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,Tomus 1(eds Wu ZY,Chen XQ),pp.658-733.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[王印政,覃海宁,傅德志(2004)中国植物采集简史.见:中国植物志第一卷第六章(吴征镒,陈心启编),658-733页.科学出版社,北京.]
Wilson EH(1913)A Naturalist in Western China,Vol.1.Methuen,London.
Wu Y,Pan HX,Duan XY,Zhang B,Xie ZX,Zhang DG(2017)Eight plant new records in Hubei Province.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science),32,727-730.(in Chinese with English abstract)[吴玉,潘茴香,段晓云,张博,谢正新,张代贵(2017)湖北植物新记录8种.云南农业大学学报(自然科学),32,727-730.]
Xie D,Qian D,Zhang MH,Wang YQ,Wu Y,Huang LQ,Zhang DG(2017)Phytolacca exiensis,a new species of Phytolaccaceae from west of Hubei Province,China.Phytotaxa,331,224-232.
Xie D,Wu MH,Zhang B,Xun M,Zhang DG(2018)New record of ferns in Hubei Province.Guihaia,38,1480-1485.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢丹,吴名鹤,张博,寻敏,张代贵(2018)湖北蕨类植物新记录.广西植物,38,1480-1485.]
Xie D,Wu Y,Xiao JW,Xie ZX,Chen YX,He WQ,Zhang DG(2017a)New records of medicinal plants in Hubei.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,42,4436-4440.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢丹,吴玉,肖佳伟,谢正新,陈庸新,贺文琪,张代贵(2017a)湖北药用植物新记录.中国中药杂志,42,4436-4440.]
Xie D,Zhang C,Zhang MH,Wu MH,Zhang DG(2017b)New records of monocotyledon plants in Hubei.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,37,815-819.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢丹,张成,张梦华,吴名鹤,张代贵(2017b)湖北单子叶植物新记录.西北植物学报,37,815-819.]
Xie ZQ,Shen GZ,Zhou YB,Fan DY,Xu WT,Gao XM,Du YJ,Xiong GM,Zhao CM,Zhu Y,Lai JS(2017)The outstanding universal value and conservation of the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site.Biodiversity Science,25,490-497.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢宗强,申国珍,周友兵,樊大勇,徐文婷,高贤明,杜彦君,熊高明,赵常明,祝燕,赖江山(2017)神农架世界自然遗产地的全球突出普遍价值及其保护.生物多样性,25,490-497.]
Yang JY,Yang KH,Liao MY,Zhou JJ,Chu ZF,Chen YX,Deng T,Zhang DG(2013)Circaeasteraceae-A new recorded angiosperm family from Hubei.Amino Acids&Biotic Resources,35(1),25-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨敬元,杨开华,廖明尧,周建军,储昭福,陈庸新,邓涛,张代贵(2013)星叶草科--湖北被子植物一新记录科.氨基酸和生物资源,35(1),25-27.]
Yu Q,Xie ZQ,Xiong GM,Chen ZG,Yang JY(2008)Community characteristics and population structure of dominant species of Abies fargesii forests in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,28,1931-1941.(in Chinese with English abstract)[于倩,谢宗强,熊高明,陈志刚,杨敬元(2008)神农架巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)林群落特征及其优势种群结构.生态学报,28,1931-1941.]
Zhang YJ,Li JQ(2009)A new species of Epimedium(Berberidaceae)from Hubei,China.Novon,19,567-569.
Zhou YB,Yu XL,Wu N,Shen GZ,Xiong GM,Xu WT,Fan DY,Zhao CM,Xie ZQ(2017)A catalogue of animal type specimens from the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site,China.Biodiversity Sciences,25,513-517.(in Chinese with English abstract)[周友兵,余小林,吴楠,申国珍,熊高明,徐文婷,樊大勇,赵常明,谢宗强(2017)神农架世界自然遗产地动物模式标本名录.生物多样性,25,513-517.]