不同营养水平日粮中添加精油对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官重量、盲肠菌群及血液生化指标的影响
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摘要
文章旨在研究不同营养水平日粮中添加精油对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官相对重量、盲肠菌群及血液生化指标的影响。试验选择1日龄Ross308雄性肉仔鸡448只,随机分成4组,每组112只(28只/重复),日粮设计两个营养水平(高营养水平和低营养水平),在两营养水平日粮中分别添加0和0.2%的精油,肉鸡分为两个阶段饲养,共4种日粮,试验共进行35 d。结果表明:高营养日粮组较低营养组显著提高了21 d体重、1~21 d和1~35 d平均日采食量以及1~21 d平均日增重(P<0.05);不同日粮添加0.2%的精油显著提高了35 d肉鸡的体重、22~35 d及1~35 d平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了22~35 d以及1~35 d肉鸡的料重比(P<0.05)。日粮营养水平与精油对法氏囊和腹脂相对重量的影响存在显著交互作用(P<0.05)。各组日粮对肉鸡盲肠微生物含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮营养水平和精油对血液胆固醇含量、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的活力及新城疫、传染性支气管炎的抗体滴度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论 :在不同营养水平日粮中添加精油可以提高肉鸡体重、平均日采食量、日增重和饲料转化率,同时,日粮营养水平和精油对肉鸡法氏囊和腹脂相对重量的影响具有显著交互作用。
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of essential oil and nutrient level on growth performance,relative organ weight,cecal microflora and blood biochemistry indices of broilers. Four hundred and forty-eight 1 d Ross 308 broilers were allotted to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 28 broilers. There were four diets,include two nutrient levels and 0 or 0.2% essential oil,birds were fed with two stage and the trial last 35 d. Results showed that high nutrient level group had higher body weight at 21 d,and average feed intake of 1 ~ 21 and 1 ~ 35 d as well as higher average daily gain of 1 ~ 21 d(P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 0.2% essential oil significantly increased the body weight at 35 d and average daily weight gain of 22 ~ 35 d and 1 ~ 35 d(P < 0.05),while significantly decreased the feed gain ration of 22 ~ 35 d and 1 ~ 35 d(P < 0.05). Nutrient level and essential oil had significant interaction on relative weights of Fabricius and abdominal fats(P < 0.05). No significant effects on contents of cecal microflora,blood cholesterol and viral antibody titer and activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were found(P > 0.05). In conclusion,dietary essential oil to nutrient density,effectively increased body weight,daily weight gains and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens,and there were significant treatment interactions on relative bursal of Fabricius and abdominal fats.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of essential oil and nutrient level on growth performance,relative organ weight,cecal microflora and blood biochemistry indices of broilers. Four hundred and forty-eight 1 d Ross 308 broilers were allotted to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 28 broilers. There were four diets,include two nutrient levels and 0 or 0.2% essential oil,birds were fed with two stage and the trial last 35 d. Results showed that high nutrient level group had higher body weight at 21 d,and average feed intake of 1 ~ 21 and 1 ~ 35 d as well as higher average daily gain of 1 ~ 21 d(P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 0.2% essential oil significantly increased the body weight at 35 d and average daily weight gain of 22 ~ 35 d and 1 ~ 35 d(P < 0.05),while significantly decreased the feed gain ration of 22 ~ 35 d and 1 ~ 35 d(P < 0.05). Nutrient level and essential oil had significant interaction on relative weights of Fabricius and abdominal fats(P < 0.05). No significant effects on contents of cecal microflora,blood cholesterol and viral antibody titer and activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were found(P > 0.05). In conclusion,dietary essential oil to nutrient density,effectively increased body weight,daily weight gains and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens,and there were significant treatment interactions on relative bursal of Fabricius and abdominal fats.
引文
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[3]Bozkurt M,Kucukyilmaz K,Catli A U et al.Influences of an essential oil mixture supplementation to corn versus wheat-based practical diets on growth,organ size,intestinal morphology and immune response of male and female broilers[J].Ital J Anim Sci,2012,11:54.
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[5]Buchanan N P,Hott J M,Cutlip S E et al.The effects of a natural antibiotic alternative and a natural growth promoter feed additive on broiler performance and carcass quality[J].J Appl Poult Res,2008,17:202~210.
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[7]Hernandez F,Madrid J,Garcia V et al.Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance,digestibility,and digestive organ size[J].Poult Sci,2004,83:169~174.
[8]Lee S H,Lillehoj H S,Jang S I et al.Cinnamaldehyde enhances in vitro parameters of immunity and reduces in vivo infection against avian coccidiosis[J].Br J Nutr,2011,106:862~869.
[9]Leeson S.Future considerations in poultry nutrition[J].Poult Sci,2012,941:1281~1285.
[10]Mountzouris K C,Paraskevas V,Tsirtsikos P et al.Assessment of a phytogenic feed additive effect on broiler growth performance,nutrient digestibility and caecal microflora composition[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2011,168:223~231.
[11]Muhl A,Liebert F.Growth,nutrient utilization and threonine requirement of growing chicken fed threonine limiting diets with commercial blends of phytogenic feed additives[J].J Poult Sci,2007,44:297~304.
[12]Yan L,Wang J P,Kim H J et al.Influence of essential oil supplementation and diets with different nutrient densities on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics,meat quality and fecal noxious gas content in grower-finisher pigs[J].Livest Sci,2010,128:115~122.
[13]Scheuermann G N,Junior A C,Cyprioano L et al.Phytogenic additive as an alternative to growth promoters in broiler chickens[J].Cienc Rural,2009,39:522~527.
[14]Zeng Z,Zhang S,Wang H et al.Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition:A review[J].J Anim Sci Biotechnol,2015,6:7.
[2]徐基利.不同乳酸菌及其添加量对肉仔鸡生长性能、盲肠菌群和免疫功能的影响[D].沈阳:东北农业大学,2011:13~14.
[3]Bozkurt M,Kucukyilmaz K,Catli A U et al.Influences of an essential oil mixture supplementation to corn versus wheat-based practical diets on growth,organ size,intestinal morphology and immune response of male and female broilers[J].Ital J Anim Sci,2012,11:54.
[4]Bravo D,Pirgozliev V,Rose S P.A mixture of carvacrol,cinnamaldehyde,and capsicum oleoresin improves energy utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed maize-based diet[J].J Anim Sci,2014,92:1531~1536.
[5]Buchanan N P,Hott J M,Cutlip S E et al.The effects of a natural antibiotic alternative and a natural growth promoter feed additive on broiler performance and carcass quality[J].J Appl Poult Res,2008,17:202~210.
[6]Cho J H,Kim H J,Kim I H.Effects of phytogenic feed additive on growth performance,digestibility,blood metabolites,intestinal microbiota,meat color and relative organ weight after oral challenge with Clostridium perfringens in broilers[J].Livest Sci,2014,160:82~88.
[7]Hernandez F,Madrid J,Garcia V et al.Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance,digestibility,and digestive organ size[J].Poult Sci,2004,83:169~174.
[8]Lee S H,Lillehoj H S,Jang S I et al.Cinnamaldehyde enhances in vitro parameters of immunity and reduces in vivo infection against avian coccidiosis[J].Br J Nutr,2011,106:862~869.
[9]Leeson S.Future considerations in poultry nutrition[J].Poult Sci,2012,941:1281~1285.
[10]Mountzouris K C,Paraskevas V,Tsirtsikos P et al.Assessment of a phytogenic feed additive effect on broiler growth performance,nutrient digestibility and caecal microflora composition[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2011,168:223~231.
[11]Muhl A,Liebert F.Growth,nutrient utilization and threonine requirement of growing chicken fed threonine limiting diets with commercial blends of phytogenic feed additives[J].J Poult Sci,2007,44:297~304.
[12]Yan L,Wang J P,Kim H J et al.Influence of essential oil supplementation and diets with different nutrient densities on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics,meat quality and fecal noxious gas content in grower-finisher pigs[J].Livest Sci,2010,128:115~122.
[13]Scheuermann G N,Junior A C,Cyprioano L et al.Phytogenic additive as an alternative to growth promoters in broiler chickens[J].Cienc Rural,2009,39:522~527.
[14]Zeng Z,Zhang S,Wang H et al.Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition:A review[J].J Anim Sci Biotechnol,2015,6:7.