菌根共生对铁皮石斛生长发育的影响
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摘要
以铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)为试材,采用菌根真菌(S1和S3)与铁皮石斛幼苗共培养的方法,研究了菌根共生对铁皮石斛幼苗阶段生长发育的影响。结果表明:共培养前期,菌根真菌(S1和S3)与寄主保持着共生关系;后期,这种共生关系逐渐消失,真菌菌丝大量聚集在根外。菌根真菌在铁皮石斛生长前期促生作用强于生长后期,表明菌根真菌在兰科幼苗生长阶段仍保持着一定的促生作用,但随着共生关系的消解,促生作用也逐渐减弱。
Dendrobium officinale was used as experimental materials. Through the co-culture experiment of D. officinale seedlings with mycorrhiza fungi Epulorhiza sp.(S1) or Tulasnella sp.(S3), the influences of mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and development of D. officinale seedlings were investigated. The results showed that the mycorrhiza fungi(S1 and S3) kept the symbiotic relationship with their hosts at the earlier stage, and the symbiotic relationship gradually disappeared at the later stage. A large number of hyphae gathered outside the roots. Both S1 and S3 fungi promoted better growth of D. officinale at the earlier stage than at the later stage. In conclusion, the mycorrhizal symbiosis maintained a certain role at the earlier growth stage of Orchidaceae seedlings. However, with the dissolution of symbiotic relationship, the promoting effect was gradually weakened.
Dendrobium officinale was used as experimental materials. Through the co-culture experiment of D. officinale seedlings with mycorrhiza fungi Epulorhiza sp.(S1) or Tulasnella sp.(S3), the influences of mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and development of D. officinale seedlings were investigated. The results showed that the mycorrhiza fungi(S1 and S3) kept the symbiotic relationship with their hosts at the earlier stage, and the symbiotic relationship gradually disappeared at the later stage. A large number of hyphae gathered outside the roots. Both S1 and S3 fungi promoted better growth of D. officinale at the earlier stage than at the later stage. In conclusion, the mycorrhizal symbiosis maintained a certain role at the earlier growth stage of Orchidaceae seedlings. However, with the dissolution of symbiotic relationship, the promoting effect was gradually weakened.
引文
[1] 张志勇,黄作喜,齐泽民. 铁皮石斛开放式组织培养体系的建立[J]. 贵州农业科学,2018,46(6):1-5.
[2] Zelmer C D, Cuthbertson L, Currah R S. Fungi associated with terrestrial orchid mycorrhizas, seeds and protocorms [J]. Mycoscience, 1996, 37: 439-448.
[3] Stewart S L, Kane M E. Symbiotic seed germination of Habenaria macroceratitis (Orchidaceae), a rare Florida terrestrial orchid [J]. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2006, 86: 159-167.
[4] 陈瑞蕊, 林先贵, 施亚琴. 兰科菌根的研究进展[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):97-101.
[5] 黄运峰,杨小波. 兰科菌根研究综述[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报,2008,16(3):283-288.
[6] McCormick M K, Whigham D F, Sloan D, et al. Orchid-fungus fidelity: a marriage meant to last [J]. Ecology, 2006, 87(4): 903-911.
[7] Hou X Q, Guo S X. Interaction between a dark septate endophytic isolate from Dendrobium sp. and roots of D. nobile seedlings [J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2009, 51(4): 374-381.
[8] Doehlemann G, Wahl R, Vranes M, et al. Establishment of compatibility in the Ustilago maydis/maize pathosystem[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2008, 165: 29-40.
[9] Dearnaley J D W. Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research [J]. Mycorrhiza, 2007, 17: 475-486.
[10] Benzing D H, Friedman W E. Mycotrophy: its occurrence and possible significance among epiphytic Orchidaceae [J]. Selbyana, 1981, 5: 243-247.
[11] Benzing D H. Mycorrhizal infections of epiphytic orchids in southern Florida [J]. American Orchid Society Bulletin, 1982, 51: 618-622.
[12] Alexander C E. Mycorrhizal infection in adult orchids. Mycorrhizae in the next decade: practical applications and research priorities [C]// Sylvia D M, Hung L L, Graham J H, eds. Proceedings of the 7th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, 1987: 324-327.
[13] Lesica P, Antibus R K. The occurrence of mycorrhizae in vascular epiphytes of two Costa Rican rain of forests [J]. Biotropica, 1990, 22: 250-258.
[14] Goh C J, Sim A A, Lim G. Mycorrhizal association in some tropical orchids [J]. Lindleyana, 1992, 7: 13-17.
[15] Richardson K A, Currah R S, Hambleton S. Basidiomycetous endophytes from the roots of neotropical epiphytic Orchidaceae [J]. Lindleyana, 1993, 8: 127-137.
[16] Gebauer G, Meyer M. 15N and 13C natural abundance of autotrophic and mycoheterotrophic orchids provides insight into nitrogen and carbon gain from fungal association [J]. New Phytologist, 2003, 160: 209-223.
[17] Smith S E,Read D J. Mycorrhizal symbiosis [M]. Academic Press, UK, 1997.
[18] Zhang L C, Chen J, Lv Y L, et al. Mycena sp., a mycorrhizal fungus of the orchid Dendrobium officinale[J]. Mycological Progress, 2012, 11: 395-401.
[19] Zangaro W, Nishidate F R, Camargo F R S, et al. Relationships among arbuscular mycorrhizas, root morphology and seedlings growth of tropical native woody species in southern Brazil [J]. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2005, 21: 529-540.
[20] Barea J M, Tobar R M, Azcón-Aguilar C. Effect of a genetically modified Rhizobium meliloti inoculant on the development of arbuscular mycorrhizas, root morphology, nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation in Medicago sativa[J]. New Phytologist, 1996, 134: 361-369.
[2] Zelmer C D, Cuthbertson L, Currah R S. Fungi associated with terrestrial orchid mycorrhizas, seeds and protocorms [J]. Mycoscience, 1996, 37: 439-448.
[3] Stewart S L, Kane M E. Symbiotic seed germination of Habenaria macroceratitis (Orchidaceae), a rare Florida terrestrial orchid [J]. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2006, 86: 159-167.
[4] 陈瑞蕊, 林先贵, 施亚琴. 兰科菌根的研究进展[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):97-101.
[5] 黄运峰,杨小波. 兰科菌根研究综述[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报,2008,16(3):283-288.
[6] McCormick M K, Whigham D F, Sloan D, et al. Orchid-fungus fidelity: a marriage meant to last [J]. Ecology, 2006, 87(4): 903-911.
[7] Hou X Q, Guo S X. Interaction between a dark septate endophytic isolate from Dendrobium sp. and roots of D. nobile seedlings [J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2009, 51(4): 374-381.
[8] Doehlemann G, Wahl R, Vranes M, et al. Establishment of compatibility in the Ustilago maydis/maize pathosystem[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2008, 165: 29-40.
[9] Dearnaley J D W. Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research [J]. Mycorrhiza, 2007, 17: 475-486.
[10] Benzing D H, Friedman W E. Mycotrophy: its occurrence and possible significance among epiphytic Orchidaceae [J]. Selbyana, 1981, 5: 243-247.
[11] Benzing D H. Mycorrhizal infections of epiphytic orchids in southern Florida [J]. American Orchid Society Bulletin, 1982, 51: 618-622.
[12] Alexander C E. Mycorrhizal infection in adult orchids. Mycorrhizae in the next decade: practical applications and research priorities [C]// Sylvia D M, Hung L L, Graham J H, eds. Proceedings of the 7th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, 1987: 324-327.
[13] Lesica P, Antibus R K. The occurrence of mycorrhizae in vascular epiphytes of two Costa Rican rain of forests [J]. Biotropica, 1990, 22: 250-258.
[14] Goh C J, Sim A A, Lim G. Mycorrhizal association in some tropical orchids [J]. Lindleyana, 1992, 7: 13-17.
[15] Richardson K A, Currah R S, Hambleton S. Basidiomycetous endophytes from the roots of neotropical epiphytic Orchidaceae [J]. Lindleyana, 1993, 8: 127-137.
[16] Gebauer G, Meyer M. 15N and 13C natural abundance of autotrophic and mycoheterotrophic orchids provides insight into nitrogen and carbon gain from fungal association [J]. New Phytologist, 2003, 160: 209-223.
[17] Smith S E,Read D J. Mycorrhizal symbiosis [M]. Academic Press, UK, 1997.
[18] Zhang L C, Chen J, Lv Y L, et al. Mycena sp., a mycorrhizal fungus of the orchid Dendrobium officinale[J]. Mycological Progress, 2012, 11: 395-401.
[19] Zangaro W, Nishidate F R, Camargo F R S, et al. Relationships among arbuscular mycorrhizas, root morphology and seedlings growth of tropical native woody species in southern Brazil [J]. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2005, 21: 529-540.
[20] Barea J M, Tobar R M, Azcón-Aguilar C. Effect of a genetically modified Rhizobium meliloti inoculant on the development of arbuscular mycorrhizas, root morphology, nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation in Medicago sativa[J]. New Phytologist, 1996, 134: 361-369.