大厚度黄土地层浸水湿陷对地铁隧道影响的模型试验研究
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摘要
黄土力学特性对地层水环境变化极为敏感,水敏性黄土地层浸水对工程结构影响明显。为系统研究大厚度黄土地层浸水对地铁隧道的影响,自主研制可以再现基底和地表浸水工况的模型箱,综合考虑浸水影响因素制定不同工况,开展不同工况下隧道结构力学响应的模型试验,分析黄土地层浸水对地铁隧道的影响机制,建议湿陷性地基剩余湿陷量控制标准。结果表明:(1)随浸水深度增加,隧道基底和地表局部浸水均会引起土压力重分布,受地层的荷载传递机制影响,土压力变化趋势不均匀;基底全幅浸水土压力随着浸水深度增加逐渐减小,地表全幅均匀浸水土压力逐渐增大,两者变化趋势相对均匀。(2)基底局部浸水导致隧道地基局部承载力降低,引起隧道衬砌弯矩发生不规律变化,基底全幅均匀浸水导致隧道地基承载力均匀降低,衬砌各点的弯矩变化相对均匀;地表局部浸水隧道上方地层结构强度局部丧失,荷载逐渐作用于隧道衬砌上引起衬砌弯矩快速增大,地表全幅均匀浸水衬砌弯矩随着浸水深度的增加而增加。(3)基底局部浸水和地表局部浸水时,隧道发生了明显的水平位移和竖向位移;基底全幅浸水和地表全幅浸水隧道主要以竖向位移为主,水平位移不明显,基底浸水引起的隧道位移比地表浸水更大,局部不均匀浸水导致的差异沉降对隧道具有附加扭转作用,对隧道整体受力更不利。(4)当隧道基底湿陷地层为30 cm时,仅仅湿陷10 cm对隧道整体影响不大,允许有10 cm的剩余湿陷量,建议湿陷性地基的处治深度为20 cm。研究结果可为大厚度黄土地区地铁隧道前期设计及后期运营提供借鉴。
The mechanical properties of loess are very sensitive to the change of the water content,and the immersion of water-sensitive loess stratum has obvious influence on its engineering structure. In order to study the influence of the collapsibility of large-thickness loess stratum induced by immersion on the subway tunnels,a model box which can reproduce the conditions of basement and surface immersion was developed,and the tests of tunnel mechanical response under different immersion conditions were carried out systematically. The influence mechanism of loess immersion on subway tunnels was studied,and the control standard of residual collapse settlement of the foundation was suggested. The results show that,with the increase of the immersion depth,the redistribution of the soil pressure around the tunnel will be caused by the local immersion of the foundation and the surface,and that the variation trend of the soil pressure is not uniform. The soil pressure decreases with the immersion depth under the condition of foundation all-range immersion but increases with the immersion depth in the case of surface all-range immersion. The change trend of the soil pressure of the both cases is relatively uniform. Foundation local immersion leads to a local decrease of the bearing capacity and hence,results in an irregular change of the bending moment of the tunnel lining. The uniform immersion of the whole basement leads to a uniform decrease of the bearing capacity,and the bending moment at each point of the tunnel lining changes relatively uniformly. The strength of the stratum above the tunnel losses partly due to local immersion,and the load gradually acts on the lining of the tunnel which causes a rapid increase of the bending moment of the lining.The bending moment increases with increasing the immersion depth under surface uniform immersion condition.The horizontal and vertical displacements of the tunnel are obvious when the foundation and the surface are partially immersed. When the foundation or the surface is fully immersed, the vertical displacement is predominant but the horizontal displacement is not obvious. The tunnel displacement caused by the foundation immersion is larger than that caused by the surface immersion. The differential settlement caused by the local uneven immersion will have an additional twisting effect on the tunnel,which is more harmful to the tunnel. When the collapsible layer of the tunnel foundation is 30 cm,only 10 cm of collapsible soil has little effect on the whole tunnel. It is suggested that the residual collapse settlement of 10 cm is allowed and the treatment depth of the collapsible foundation is 20 cm. The research results can be used for reference in the preliminary design and post operation of subway tunnels in large thickness loess area.
The mechanical properties of loess are very sensitive to the change of the water content,and the immersion of water-sensitive loess stratum has obvious influence on its engineering structure. In order to study the influence of the collapsibility of large-thickness loess stratum induced by immersion on the subway tunnels,a model box which can reproduce the conditions of basement and surface immersion was developed,and the tests of tunnel mechanical response under different immersion conditions were carried out systematically. The influence mechanism of loess immersion on subway tunnels was studied,and the control standard of residual collapse settlement of the foundation was suggested. The results show that,with the increase of the immersion depth,the redistribution of the soil pressure around the tunnel will be caused by the local immersion of the foundation and the surface,and that the variation trend of the soil pressure is not uniform. The soil pressure decreases with the immersion depth under the condition of foundation all-range immersion but increases with the immersion depth in the case of surface all-range immersion. The change trend of the soil pressure of the both cases is relatively uniform. Foundation local immersion leads to a local decrease of the bearing capacity and hence,results in an irregular change of the bending moment of the tunnel lining. The uniform immersion of the whole basement leads to a uniform decrease of the bearing capacity,and the bending moment at each point of the tunnel lining changes relatively uniformly. The strength of the stratum above the tunnel losses partly due to local immersion,and the load gradually acts on the lining of the tunnel which causes a rapid increase of the bending moment of the lining.The bending moment increases with increasing the immersion depth under surface uniform immersion condition.The horizontal and vertical displacements of the tunnel are obvious when the foundation and the surface are partially immersed. When the foundation or the surface is fully immersed, the vertical displacement is predominant but the horizontal displacement is not obvious. The tunnel displacement caused by the foundation immersion is larger than that caused by the surface immersion. The differential settlement caused by the local uneven immersion will have an additional twisting effect on the tunnel,which is more harmful to the tunnel. When the collapsible layer of the tunnel foundation is 30 cm,only 10 cm of collapsible soil has little effect on the whole tunnel. It is suggested that the residual collapse settlement of 10 cm is allowed and the treatment depth of the collapsible foundation is 20 cm. The research results can be used for reference in the preliminary design and post operation of subway tunnels in large thickness loess area.
引文
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[2]姚志华,黄雪峰,陈正汉,等.关于黄土湿陷性评价和剩余湿陷量的新认识[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):998-1 006.(YAO Zhihua,HUANG Xuefeng,CHEN Zhenghan,et al.New recognition of collapsibility evaluation and remnant collapse of loess[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(4):998-1 006.(in Chinese))
[3]黄训洪.黄土隧道地基纵向局部湿陷对结构的力学行为影响研究[硕士学位论文][D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.(HUANGXunhong.Study on the tunnel lining mechanical behavior induced by longitudinal local collapsibility of loess tunnel foundation[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.(in Chinese))
[4]刘俊平.地下水对董志塬黄土隧道工程性质的影响分析[J].铁道标准设计,DOI:org/10.13238/j.issn.1 004-2 954.201803160001.(LIU Junping.Analysis of the influence of groundwater on engineering property of loess tunnel in Dongzhiyuan regions[J].Railway Standard Design,DOI:org/10.13238/j.issn.1 004-2 954.201803160001.(in Chinese))
[5]王二磊,梁庆国,王飞,等.不同浸水方式对黄土地铁隧道变形影响研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2018,15(1):156-162.(WANGErlei,LIANG Qingguo,WANG Fei,et al.Study on the influence of different flooding methods on the deformation of loess metro tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2018,15(1):156-162.(in Chinese))
[6]黄雪峰,陈正汉,方祥位,等.大厚度自重湿陷性黄土地基处理厚度与处理方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):4 332-4 338.(HUANG Xuefeng,CHEN Zhenghan,FANG Xiangwei,et al.Study on foundation treatment thickness and treatment method for collapsible loess with large thickness[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2):4 332-4 338.(in Chinese))
[7]姚志华,黄雪峰,陈正汉,等.兰州地区大厚度自重湿陷性黄土场地浸水试验综合观测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(1):65-74.(YAO Zhihua,HUANG Xuefeng,CHEN Zhenghan,et al.Comprehensive soaking tests on self-weight collapse loess with heavy section in Lanzhou region[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(1):65-74.(in Chinese))
[8]杨校辉,黄雪峰,朱彦鹏,等.大厚度自重湿陷性黄土地基处理深度和湿陷性评价试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):1 063-1 074.(YANG Xiaohui,HUANG Xuefeng,ZHU Yanpeng,et al.Experimental study on collapsibility evaluation and treatment depths of collapsible loess upon self weight with thick depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):1 063-1 074.(in Chinese))
[9]苏立海,姚志华,黄雪峰,等.自重湿陷性黄土场地的水分运移规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增2):4 328-4 336.(SU Lihai,YAO Zhihua,HUANG Xuefeng,et al.Water migration regularity of self weight collapsible loess ground[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.2):4 328-4 336.(in Chinese))
[10]王小军,米维军,熊治文,等.郑西客运专线黄土地基湿陷性现场浸水试验研究[J].铁道学报,2012,34(1):83-90.(WANG Xiaojun,MI Weijun,XIONG Zhiwen,et al.Water immersion field tests of collapsibility of loess foundation of Zhengzhou-Xi?an passenger dedicated line[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2012,34(1):83-90.(in Chinese))
[11]马闫,王家鼎,彭淑君,等.大厚度黄土自重湿陷性场地浸水湿陷变形特征研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(3):537-546.(MAYan,WANG Jiading,PENG Shujun,et al.Immersion tests on characteristics of deformation of self-weight collapsible loess under overburden pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(3):537-546.(in Chinese))
[12]王铁行,金鑫,罗扬.考虑卸荷作用的黄土湿陷性评价方法研究[J].岩土力学,DOI:org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.2198.(WANGTiehang,JIN Xin,LUO Yang.Evaluation method for loess collapse potential of unloading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,DOI:org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.2198.(in Chinese))
[13]张爱军,邢义川,胡新丽,等.伊犁黄土强烈自重湿陷性的影响因素分析[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(增2):117-122.(ZHANGAijun,XING Yichuan,HU Xinli,et al.Influence factors of strong self-weight collapsibility of Ili loess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(Supp.2):117-122.(in Chinese))
[14]张爱军,邢义川,汪海涛,等.基于增湿变形的渠道工程黄土渠基湿陷性评价方法[J].水利学报,2017,48(1):41-51.(ZHANGAijun,XING Yichuan,WANG Haitao,et al.Evaluation method for collapsibility of channel engineering with Loess foundation based on moistening deformation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(1):41-51.(in Chinese))
[15]李喜安,洪勃,李林翠,等.黄土湿陷对渗透系数影响的试验研究[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(6):198-208.(LI Xi?an,HONG Bo,LI Lincui,et al.Experimental research on permeability coefficient under influence of loess collapsibility[J].Chinese Journal of Highway,2017,30(6):198-208.(in Chinese))
[16]张耀,胡再强,陈昊,等.酸性溶液对黄土结构改良的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(4):681-688.(ZHANG Yao,HUZaiqiang,CHEN Hao,et al.Experimental study on evolution of loess structure using acid solutions[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(4):681-688.(in Chinese))
[17]邵生俊,杨春鸣,焦阳阳,等.湿陷性黄土隧道的工程性质分析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(9):1 580-1 590.(SHAO Shengjun,YANGChunming,JIAO Yangyang,et al.Engineering properties of collapsible loess tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(9):1 580-1 590.(in Chinese))
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