摘要
目的探究我国2015年食源性副溶血性弧菌毒力基因分布情况和耐药特征。方法通过聚合酶链式反应,研究1046株副溶血性弧菌携带毒力基因tlh、tdh和trh情况,并采用微量肉汤稀释法,测定副溶血性弧菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢唑林、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、亚胺培南、庆大霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、左氧沙星、氯霉素、复方新诺明等抗生素的敏感性。结果 1046株食源性副溶血性弧菌中有965株(92.3%)对一种或多种抗生素耐药,总耐药率为92.2%。全部菌株对庆大霉素和左氧氟沙星敏感,对其余10种抗生素有不同程度耐药,耐药率最高的前3位抗生素分别为头孢唑林(85.4%)、氨苄西林(59.4%)、阿莫西林/克拉维酸(49.3%)。1046株副溶血性弧菌全部携带tlh基因,其中19株(1.8%)trh基因阳性,4株(0.4%)tdh基因阳性。毒力基因阳性的所有菌株均未发现多重耐药现象,部分毒力基因阳性菌株对青霉素类和第一代头孢类抗生素耐药。结论我国2015年食源性副溶血性弧菌毒力基因携带率较低,对第一代头孢类和青霉素类抗生素耐药率较高;水产养殖地区应在养殖环节加强抗生素的管理并规范使用。
Objective To evaluate virulence distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticusisolated from food in China in 2015.Methods A polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect virulence genes of tlh,tdh and trh.The susceptibility of 1046 isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to 12 antibiotics were determined by a broth microdilution susceptibility test.The antibiotics of ampicillin,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,cefazolin,cefotaxime,ceftazidime,imipenem,gentamicin,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,chloramphenico and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were chosen.Results Totally 965 strains(92.2%) presented resistance to single or multiple antibiotics.All strains were sensitive to gentamicin and levofloxacin,and presented resistance to other antibiotics.The highest resistance rates were cefazolin(85.4%),ampicillin(59.4%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid(49.3%).All the 1046 isolates were positive to tlh gene,including 19 isolates were positive to trh gene and 4 isolates were positive to tdh gene.All the positive strains were not resistance to multiple antibiotics,and some of them were resistance to penicillins and the first-generation cephalosporin.Conclusion There is a lower positive rate of virulence genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food in China in 2015,though with a higher resistance rate to penicillins and the first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics.There is an urgent need to strengthen the management and standardization of antibiotics in a breeding process in the farming areas.
引文
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