唐代信阳茶的兴起与古茶路考
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摘要
唐代开始,饮茶之风兴起,以长安、洛阳为中心的中原茶市场和西北市场开始出现,淮南茶区在内的多个重要产茶区也逐渐形成。而此时位于淮南茶区的信阳茶不仅产量高,而且质量优,既生产贡茶,也提供大量的商品茶。学术界对唐代信阳茶的制作加工和品饮进行了深入研究,但这一时期信阳贡茶和商品茶的贸易运输通道即茶路的发展、演变研究尚属空白。本文依据大量的历史文献资料、地方史志资料和茶学著述,结合田野考察,对唐代信阳茶路进行研究和梳理,认为唐代信阳的茶路兼顾陆路和水路两种,以水路为主,且水路主要沿历史悠久的淮颍水道进行。
Beginning in the Tang Dynasty,the wind of tea drinking began.The Central Plains tea market and the northwest market centered on Chang'an and Luoyang began to appear,and many important tea-producing areas including Huainan tea area gradually formed.At this time,Xinyang Tea in Huainan Tea Area not only has high yield,but also has excellent quality.It not only produces tribute tea,but also provides a large amount of commercial tea.The academic circles have conducted in-depth research on the production,processing and drinking of Xinyang tea in the Tang Dynasty.However,the research on the development and evolution of the tea transportation road of Xinyang tribute tea and commodity tea during this period is still blank.Based on a large number of historical documents,local historical records and tea studies,this paper combines field investigations to study and sort out the Xinyang tea road in the Tang Dynasty.It is believed that the tea road of Xinyang in the Tang Dynasty takes both land and waterways into consideration,with waterways as the mainstay,and the waterways are mainly carried out along the historic Huai River waterway.
Beginning in the Tang Dynasty,the wind of tea drinking began.The Central Plains tea market and the northwest market centered on Chang'an and Luoyang began to appear,and many important tea-producing areas including Huainan tea area gradually formed.At this time,Xinyang Tea in Huainan Tea Area not only has high yield,but also has excellent quality.It not only produces tribute tea,but also provides a large amount of commercial tea.The academic circles have conducted in-depth research on the production,processing and drinking of Xinyang tea in the Tang Dynasty.However,the research on the development and evolution of the tea transportation road of Xinyang tribute tea and commodity tea during this period is still blank.Based on a large number of historical documents,local historical records and tea studies,this paper combines field investigations to study and sort out the Xinyang tea road in the Tang Dynasty.It is believed that the tea road of Xinyang in the Tang Dynasty takes both land and waterways into consideration,with waterways as the mainstay,and the waterways are mainly carried out along the historic Huai River waterway.
引文
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[2]程有为,王天奖.河南通史·第二卷[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,2005.
[3]信阳地区地方史志编纂委员会.信阳地区志(上卷)[M].北京:三联书店,1996.
[4](唐)陆羽.茶经[M].北京:中华书局,2010.
[5](清)陆廷灿.续茶经·附录·茶法[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,2010.
[6]杨文春.环境变迁与汉唐时期蔡州的农业水利事业[J],农业考古,2014(1):157-162.
[7]周怀宇.论隋唐开发淮河流域交通的国策[J].安徽大学学报(哲社版),1999(5):6.
[8](清)董皓.全唐文·卷612·庐州同食馆记[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1995.
[9](唐)权德舆.权载之文集·卷四七·表疏(四部丛刊景清嘉庆本)(下卷)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2013.
[10]王力平.唐后期淮颍(蔡)水运的利用和影响[J].河北学刊,1991(2):83-88.
[11](晋)陈寿.三国志·卷二十八·邓艾传(下卷)[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[12](唐)房玄龄等.晋书[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[13](宋)王钦若等.册府元龟·卷498·邦计部·漕运(第六册)[M].北京:中华书局,1960.
[14]樊文礼.唐淮西节度使略论[J].烟台师范学院学报,1994(2):27-35.
[15]刘耀.“贾颍”水运航道变迁与周家口兴衰研究[J].牡丹江师范学院学报(哲社版),2015(1):83-85.
[16]高荣盛.唐代江淮漕运的历史考察[J].安徽史学,1998(3):11-14.
[17](唐)封演.封氏闻见记·卷六·饮茶[M].北京:中华书局:27
[18](唐)李吉甫.元和郡县图志(下册)[M].北京:中华书局,1983.
[19]陈隆文.水运与淮河流域中小城镇的发展--以明清乌龙集为中心的研究[J],中国历史地理论丛,2017(4):45-55.
[20]陈隆文.从乌龙集到淮滨县:以淮河水运为中心的考察[J],淮北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(4):65-68.
[21]霍邱县志·卷2·营建志[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1998.
[22](清)尹耕云.豫军纪略:皖匪[M].北京:学苑出版社,2005.
[23]程启坤,姚国坤.论唐代茶区与名茶[J].农业考古,1995.(6):235-245.
[24](宋)王溥.唐会要·卷87(下册)[M].北京:中华书局,2017.
[25]谭正初,马进福,龚仕斌,等.石门“泰和合宜红”茶史、茶路探源--兼论万里茶道及申遗对其影响与作用[J].茶叶通讯,2017(6):49-53.