5 BY型种子包衣机最佳工艺参数研究
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摘要
种子丸粒化是实现机械化播种的重要技术途径,为提高种子包衣合格率,以5 BY型包衣机为试验样机,设计正交试验,以最高丸化率为目标,探究包衣机滚筒倾角、滚筒转速、喷雾速度三因素及其交互作用对玉米种包衣合格率和包衣质量的影响。构建基于二次回归正交设计的包衣合格率影响因素模型,经过模型优化,得出最优工艺参数组合:滚筒倾斜角43.61°,滚筒转速51.28 r·min~(-1),喷雾速度2.34 mL·min~(-1),包衣合格率97.39%,最大限度地提高种子包衣合格率和包衣质量。三因素影响主次因素排序:喷雾速度>滚筒倾角>滚筒转速,喷雾速度和滚筒倾角对丸化率具有极显著影响,在设定包衣机参数时应作为重要因素考虑,滚筒转速对目标有细微影响,其设定范围可根据包衣机作业效率适当扩大。喷雾速度与滚筒倾角交互作用对丸化率有显著影响,其交互作用不可忽视:喷雾速度为中水平(2～2.6 mL·min~(-1))、滚筒倾角在低水平(40°～46°)时,丸化率最高,滚筒倾角在中水平(46°～53°)或高水平(53°～60°)时,喷雾速度对丸化率影响程度低于滚筒倾角在低水平时对其的影响。此外,滚筒速度与滚筒倾角也存在交互作用,但影响较小:滚筒倾角处于高水平(53°～60°)时,丸化率受滚筒加速有小幅升高趋势,无论滚筒速度在何阶段,丸化率随着滚筒倾角变化呈先增后降趋势,变化幅度较小。滚筒速度与喷雾速度交互作用影响曲面几近平面,其对丸化率无显著影响。样机装配简易控制系统,功能完备性和智能化程度相对较低,种子和药液供给精度较差,有待日后进一步研究和改进。
Seed pelleting is an important technical to realize Mechanized seeding.In order to improve the qualified rate of seed coating,the orthogonal test was designed with 5 BY seed-coating machine as the experimental prototype.The highest pelleting rate was taken as the target to explore the influence of coating pan inclination angle,the rotating speed,spray speed and their interaction on pelleting rate of maize seed.The influencing factor model of coating qualification rate based on quadratic regression orthogonal design was constructed,and the optimal combination of process parameters was obtained through model optimization: the coating pan was 43.61°,the rotating speed was 51.28 r·min~(-1),the spray speed was 2.34 mL·min~(-1)and the qualified rate of coating was 97.39%.It improved the pelleting rate of seed to the maximum extent.Three factors affect the ranking of primary and secondary factors was the spray speed>the coating pan inclination angle>the rotating speed.The spray rate and the coating pan inclination angle had a significant effect on the pelleting rate.It should be considered as an important factor in setting the parameters of the seed-coating machine.The roller speed had a slight influence on the target,and its range could be expanded according to the efficiency of the seed-coating machine.The interaction between spray speed and coating pan inclination angle had a significant effect on the pelleting rate, and interaction could not be ignored:When the spray speed was at medium level(2-2.6 mL·min~(-1)) and the roll angle was at low level(40°-46°),the pelleting rate was highest.When the coating pan inclination angle was at a medium level(46°-53°)or a high level(53°-60°),the effect of the spray speed on the pelleting rate was lower than that of the coating pan inclination angle at low level.In addition,there was also interaction between the rotating speed and the coating pan inclination angle, but the effect was small:When the coating pan inclination angle was at a high level(53°-60°),the pelleting rate increased slightly by the acceleration of the coating pan.No matter what level the rotating speed was,the pelleting rate increased first and then decreased with the change of coating pan inclination angle,and the change of pelleting rate was small.Affect the surface of interaction between the spray speed and the rotating speed was nearly plane.It had no significant effect on the pelleting rate.A simple control system was assembled for the prototype,functional completeness and intelligence were low,seed and liquid supply were poor,which needed further study and improvement in the future.
Seed pelleting is an important technical to realize Mechanized seeding.In order to improve the qualified rate of seed coating,the orthogonal test was designed with 5 BY seed-coating machine as the experimental prototype.The highest pelleting rate was taken as the target to explore the influence of coating pan inclination angle,the rotating speed,spray speed and their interaction on pelleting rate of maize seed.The influencing factor model of coating qualification rate based on quadratic regression orthogonal design was constructed,and the optimal combination of process parameters was obtained through model optimization: the coating pan was 43.61°,the rotating speed was 51.28 r·min~(-1),the spray speed was 2.34 mL·min~(-1)and the qualified rate of coating was 97.39%.It improved the pelleting rate of seed to the maximum extent.Three factors affect the ranking of primary and secondary factors was the spray speed>the coating pan inclination angle>the rotating speed.The spray rate and the coating pan inclination angle had a significant effect on the pelleting rate.It should be considered as an important factor in setting the parameters of the seed-coating machine.The roller speed had a slight influence on the target,and its range could be expanded according to the efficiency of the seed-coating machine.The interaction between spray speed and coating pan inclination angle had a significant effect on the pelleting rate, and interaction could not be ignored:When the spray speed was at medium level(2-2.6 mL·min~(-1)) and the roll angle was at low level(40°-46°),the pelleting rate was highest.When the coating pan inclination angle was at a medium level(46°-53°)or a high level(53°-60°),the effect of the spray speed on the pelleting rate was lower than that of the coating pan inclination angle at low level.In addition,there was also interaction between the rotating speed and the coating pan inclination angle, but the effect was small:When the coating pan inclination angle was at a high level(53°-60°),the pelleting rate increased slightly by the acceleration of the coating pan.No matter what level the rotating speed was,the pelleting rate increased first and then decreased with the change of coating pan inclination angle,and the change of pelleting rate was small.Affect the surface of interaction between the spray speed and the rotating speed was nearly plane.It had no significant effect on the pelleting rate.A simple control system was assembled for the prototype,functional completeness and intelligence were low,seed and liquid supply were poor,which needed further study and improvement in the future.
引文
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[14]邵志威,陈智,侯占峰,等.振动力场作用下牧草种子丸粒化包衣机试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(8):124-128.
[15]田耀华.高效包衣机操作参数与薄膜包衣质量影响因素的探讨[J].机电信息,2006,5(4):25-29.
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[17]邵志威,陈智,侯占峰,等.BYW-400型冰草种子振动丸粒化包衣机种子丸化运动特性[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(3):57-64.
[18]仇义,陈智,侯占峰,等.振动作用下冰草种子丸化包衣运动与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(12):174-178.
[19]葛宜元.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015:138-160.
[20]方开泰.正交与均匀试验设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:62-195.
[2]张瑞英.种子包衣技术[J].河南农业,2015,25(21):48-49.
[3]孙振宇.浅析种子包衣的优点及存在问题[J].种子科技,2017,35(2):67-69.
[4]祁兵.中央集排气送式精量排种器设计与试验研究[D].中国农业大学,2014.
[5]胡良龙.种子包衣机PLC控制系统的设计与实现[D].南京理工大学,2009.
[6]孙正.番茄种子包衣丸化关键技术研究与装备开发[D].中国农业机械化科学研究院,2016.
[7]肖艳云,东丽,谢辉,等.浅析我国种子产业发展概况[J].园艺与种苗,2014,33(8):46-48.
[8]吴峰,张会娟,谢焕雄,等.我国种子包衣机概况与发展思考[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(10):116-120.
[9]成广雷.国内外种子科学与产业发展比较研究[D].山东农业大学,2009.
[10]桑杰.种子包衣机检测控制系统研究[D].上海交通大学,2015.
[11]Chambon,Didier,Marie,et al.Coating machine and method with fluid barrier:法国,EP 2842637[P].2018-01-17.
[12]吴云琦.用于薄膜包衣生产包衣机的基本要素探讨[J].机电信息,2014,13(11):27-30.
[13]唐军红.种子包衣机存在的问题与改进措施[J].石河子科技,2006,30(4):37-38.
[14]邵志威,陈智,侯占峰,等.振动力场作用下牧草种子丸粒化包衣机试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(8):124-128.
[15]田耀华.高效包衣机操作参数与薄膜包衣质量影响因素的探讨[J].机电信息,2006,5(4):25-29.
[16]马荣朝,秦文.轻小型种子包衣机的研制及最佳滚筒转速的研究[J].中国农机化,2003,46(4):25-27.
[17]邵志威,陈智,侯占峰,等.BYW-400型冰草种子振动丸粒化包衣机种子丸化运动特性[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(3):57-64.
[18]仇义,陈智,侯占峰,等.振动作用下冰草种子丸化包衣运动与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(12):174-178.
[19]葛宜元.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015:138-160.
[20]方开泰.正交与均匀试验设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:62-195.