中学生童年期虐待经历与心理资本的相关性
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摘要
目的了解中学生童年期虐待经历和心理资本现状及其关系,为促进青少年心理健康发展提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对哈尔滨市某城乡初、高中1 894名在校学生进行儿童期虐待问卷(CTQ-SF)及积极心理资本问卷(PPQ)调查。结果中学生童年期虐待总发生率为98.3%。除情感虐待外,虐待经历的其他维度得分男生均高于女生(P值均<0.01)。除躯体虐待外,农村地区中学生虐待经历的其他维度得分均高于城市(P值均<0.05)。中学生心理资本状况较好,其中男生的自我效能和韧性维度得分高于女生,城市学生的心理资本各维度得分均高于农村学生(P值均<0.05)。除性虐待仅与韧性维度呈负相关外,其他虐待经历与心理资本各维度间均呈负相关。逐步回归分析结果表明,情感忽视及躯体忽视均能负向预测心理资本的各维度(P值均<0.05);情感虐待能负向预测心理资本的韧性、希望及乐观维度(P值均<0.01)。结论虐待经历与心理资本关联密切,虐待的发生不利于青少年心理资本的形成和发展。
Objective To understand current situation and relations of childhood abuse and psychological capital, providing scientific basis for adolescent mental health promotion. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 894 students from junior high schools and senior high schools in Harbin. Questionnaire survey was conducted by using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form( CTQ-SF) and Positive Psychological Capital( PPQ). Results The total rate of childhood abuse among adolescents in the region was 98.3%. In addition to emotional abuse, scores of other dimensions of childhood abuse were higher for boys than for girls( P<0.01). Childhood abuse in rural area was higher than those in urban area except physical abuse( P< 0.05).High psychological capital was observed among participants with boys higher in self-efficacy and resilience than that of girls( P <0.05). Psychological capital in urban students was higher than rural students( P<0.05). Except for the negative correlation between sexual abuse and resilience, all other dimensions of childhood abuse were negatively correlated with four dimensions of psychological capital. Stepwise regression analysis showed that emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect was negatively correlated with all dimensions of psychological capital( P<0.01); Sexual abuse showed negative association with self-efficacy and optimism( P<0.01). Conclusion Childhood abuse is closely related to psychological capital among adolescents in Harbin, suggesting exposure to childhood abuse might confer detrimental effects on psychological capital development.
Objective To understand current situation and relations of childhood abuse and psychological capital, providing scientific basis for adolescent mental health promotion. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 894 students from junior high schools and senior high schools in Harbin. Questionnaire survey was conducted by using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form( CTQ-SF) and Positive Psychological Capital( PPQ). Results The total rate of childhood abuse among adolescents in the region was 98.3%. In addition to emotional abuse, scores of other dimensions of childhood abuse were higher for boys than for girls( P<0.01). Childhood abuse in rural area was higher than those in urban area except physical abuse( P< 0.05).High psychological capital was observed among participants with boys higher in self-efficacy and resilience than that of girls( P <0.05). Psychological capital in urban students was higher than rural students( P<0.05). Except for the negative correlation between sexual abuse and resilience, all other dimensions of childhood abuse were negatively correlated with four dimensions of psychological capital. Stepwise regression analysis showed that emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect was negatively correlated with all dimensions of psychological capital( P<0.01); Sexual abuse showed negative association with self-efficacy and optimism( P<0.01). Conclusion Childhood abuse is closely related to psychological capital among adolescents in Harbin, suggesting exposure to childhood abuse might confer detrimental effects on psychological capital development.
引文
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[2]MASTEN A S,CICCHETTI D. Developmental cascades[J]. DevPsychopathol,2010,22(3):491-495.
[3]张阿敏.中职生生活事件与问题行为的关系:心理资本的调节效应及检验[D].天津:天津职业技术师范大学,2013.
[4]SELVARAJ P R,BHAT C S. Predicting the mental health of collegestudents with psychological capital[J]. J Ment Health,2018,27(3):279-287.
[5]赵幸福,张亚林,李龙飞. 435名儿童的儿童期虐待问卷调查[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2004,12(4):377-379.
[6]张阔,张赛,董颖红.积极心理资本:测量及其与心理健康的关系[J].心理与行为研究,2010,8(1):58-64.
[7]FENG J Y,CHANG Y T,CHANG H Y,et al. Prevalence of differ-ent forms of child maltreatment among Taiwanese adolescents:a popu-lation-based study[J]. Child Abuse Negl,2015,42(1):10-19.
[8]万宇辉,马双双,许韶君,等.中国3个城市中学生童年期不良经历和社会支持与身心亚健康状态的关联研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2017,51(9):786-791.
[9]刘玉路,李新影.父母教养方式对青少年问题行为及性别差异影响[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(12):1655-1657.
[10]刘蓓,魏志民,邢晓沛,等.父母严厉管教与初中生外化问题行为的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2012,20(6):842-845.
[11]周良凯,陶新华,傅鹃花.大学生儿童期虐待与父母教养方式的关系[J].心理学进展,2015,5(6):270-277.
[12]史艳琴.医学生心理资本现状调查研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2018,26(3):425-429.
[13]郭黎岩,陈晨.心理韧性在大学生儿童期性虐待与攻击性中介作用[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(11):1453-1456.
[14]赵华颖.初中生心理虐待、心理资本和安全感的关系研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2016.
[15]范兴华,简晶萍,陈锋菊,等.家庭处境不利与留守儿童心理适应:心理资本的中介[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2018,51(2):353-357.
[16]朱晓庆.初中生心理资本及其影响因素的研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2010.
[17]SACHS-ERICSSON N,MEDLEY A N,KENDALL-TACKETT K,etal. Childhood abuse and current health problems among older adults:the mediating role of self-efficacy[J]. Psychol Viol,2011,1(2):106-120.
[18]王艳辉,李董平,孙文强,等.亲子依恋与初中生亲社会行为:有调节的中介效应[J].心理学报,2017,49(5):663-679.