苜蓿的来源及粉碎粒度对其草粉营养成分的影响
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摘要
将选用的宁夏苜蓿草颗粒和西班牙苜蓿草颗粒粉碎后分别过40目(粒径0.425 mm)、60目(粒径0.25mm)、80目(粒径0.18mm)分析筛,分别测定草粉样品中的常规养分和纤维含量,以评价不同来源和粉碎粒度对苜蓿草粉营养价值的影响。结果表明:西班牙阿拉贡苜蓿草粉的干物质(DM)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和磷(P)含量均极显著高于宁夏固原草粉(P<0.01),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)显著高于宁夏固原草粉(P<0.05),而粗蛋白质(CP)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量极显著低于宁夏固原草粉(P<0.01)。随着粉碎粒度的降低,DM、CP、EE、Ash 4个养分测定结果极显著提高(P<0.01),CF、NDF、ADF和ADL 4项指标极显著降低(P<0.01)。而0.25mm和0.18mm的草粉Ca、P测定结果差异不显著,但Ca、P测定结果分别极显著(P<0.01)、显著(P<0.05)高于0.425 mm的草粉。建议使用时苜蓿草粉适宜粉碎粒度为0.25mm。
The samples of Ningxia alfalfa pelletsand Spanish alfalfa pelletswere selected and crushed,and then passed through 40 mesh(particle size is 0.425 mm),60 mesh(particle size is 0.25 mm)and 80 mesh(particle size is 0.18 mm)sieves respectively.The contents of conventional nutrient and fiber in samples were determined by chemical analysisto evaluate the effects of different sources and particle sizes on the nutritive value of alfalfa meal.The results showed that the contents of dry matter(DM),crude fat(EE),crude fiber(CF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and phosphorus(P)of Aragon alfalfa were significantly higher than those of Guyuan alfalfa meal(P<0.01)in Ningxia.The content ofacid detergent fiber(ADF)was significantly higher than Ningxia Guyuan alfalfa meal(P<0.05),and the contents ofcrude protein(CP),ash(Ash),calcium(Ca)and acid detergent lignin(ADL)were significantly lower than those of Ningxia Guyuan alfalfa meal(P<0.01).With the reduction of grinding particle size,the contents of DM,CP,EE and Ashwere significantly improved(P<0.01),and the contents of CF,NDF,ADF and ADL were significantly reduced(P<0.01).The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contentsof Ca and Pbetween alfalfa pellets passed through60 mesh and 80 mesh,but the difference was significantly higher(P<0.01)and higher(P<0.05)respectivelythan that of 40 mesh.It is suggested that the suitable particle size of alfalfa meal is 0.25 mm.
The samples of Ningxia alfalfa pelletsand Spanish alfalfa pelletswere selected and crushed,and then passed through 40 mesh(particle size is 0.425 mm),60 mesh(particle size is 0.25 mm)and 80 mesh(particle size is 0.18 mm)sieves respectively.The contents of conventional nutrient and fiber in samples were determined by chemical analysisto evaluate the effects of different sources and particle sizes on the nutritive value of alfalfa meal.The results showed that the contents of dry matter(DM),crude fat(EE),crude fiber(CF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and phosphorus(P)of Aragon alfalfa were significantly higher than those of Guyuan alfalfa meal(P<0.01)in Ningxia.The content ofacid detergent fiber(ADF)was significantly higher than Ningxia Guyuan alfalfa meal(P<0.05),and the contents ofcrude protein(CP),ash(Ash),calcium(Ca)and acid detergent lignin(ADL)were significantly lower than those of Ningxia Guyuan alfalfa meal(P<0.01).With the reduction of grinding particle size,the contents of DM,CP,EE and Ashwere significantly improved(P<0.01),and the contents of CF,NDF,ADF and ADL were significantly reduced(P<0.01).The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contentsof Ca and Pbetween alfalfa pellets passed through60 mesh and 80 mesh,but the difference was significantly higher(P<0.01)and higher(P<0.05)respectivelythan that of 40 mesh.It is suggested that the suitable particle size of alfalfa meal is 0.25 mm.
引文
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[18]魏时来,蔺淑琴,李典芬,等.饲粮样品粉碎粒度对ADF和NDF尼龙滤袋法测定值的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2008,27(4):3-5.
[19]高宪儒,李飞,惠文.不同紫花苜蓿品种在陇东地区的引种表现[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):731-738.
[20]张晓娜,宋书红,陈志飞,等.紫花苜蓿叶、茎产量及品质动态[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):713-721.
[21]田玉民,何丽涛.刈割期对紫花苜蓿叶粉营养成分的影响[J].草业科学,2007,24(1):38-40.
[22]单贵莲,薛世明,郭盼,等.刈割时期和调制方法对紫花苜蓿干草质量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(3):28-33.
[2]宋伟红,苗树君,史广德.苜蓿营养价值的影响因素及高效利用[J].中国牛业科学,2006,32(1):80-83.
[3]李彦品,杨海明,杨芷,等.紫花苜蓿的营养价值及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料研究,2015(9):14-18.
[4]张伟毅,史莹华,王成章,等.苜蓿草粉及影响其营养价值的因素[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(1):126-129.
[5]赵静.添加苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(3):809-815.
[6]周宪河,张春梅,梁峰.紫花苜蓿的营养价值及其在畜牧业上的应用[J].饲料广角,2011,19:39-41.
[7]王常慧,杨建强,王永新,等.不同收获期及不同干燥方法对苜蓿草粉营养成分的影响[J].动物营养学报,2004,16(2):60-64.
[8]董晓丽,王步军.粉碎粒度和不同储藏条件对玉米赖氨酸含量的影响[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2016,38(1):3-16.
[9]王卫国,付旺宁,黄吉新,等.饲料粉碎粒度与能耗及蛋白质体外消化率的研究[J].饲料工业,2001,22(10):33-37.
[10]梁明,杨维仁.胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶两步体外消化法评定豆粕粉碎粒度[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(3):87-91.
[11]赵倩明,朱隆基,霍永久,等.不同粉碎粒度苜蓿草粉对扬州鹅养分利用率和血液生化指标的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2016(5):48-52.
[12]CASAS G A,HUANG C,STEIN H H.Nutritional value of soy protein concentrate ground to different particle sizes and fed to pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2017,95(2):827-836.
[13]郭广伦,袁中彪,李俊波,等.不同粉碎粒度的饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能及蛋白质体外消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(1):49-51.
[14]刘庆华,聂芙蓉,毛秋月.粉碎粒度对粗蛋白测定结果的影响[J].饲料研究,2007(7):22-24.
[15]吴萍.不同粒度茶粉在肉鸭饲料中的应用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[16]董宽虎,王常慧,牧原.干燥方法对苜蓿草粉营养价值的影响[J].草地学报,2003,11(4):334-337.
[17]田雨佳,曹志军,李胜利,等.不同粉碎粒度的饲料对滤袋法测定纤维物质含量的影响[J].动物营养学,2013,25(2):350-355.
[18]魏时来,蔺淑琴,李典芬,等.饲粮样品粉碎粒度对ADF和NDF尼龙滤袋法测定值的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2008,27(4):3-5.
[19]高宪儒,李飞,惠文.不同紫花苜蓿品种在陇东地区的引种表现[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):731-738.
[20]张晓娜,宋书红,陈志飞,等.紫花苜蓿叶、茎产量及品质动态[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):713-721.
[21]田玉民,何丽涛.刈割期对紫花苜蓿叶粉营养成分的影响[J].草业科学,2007,24(1):38-40.
[22]单贵莲,薛世明,郭盼,等.刈割时期和调制方法对紫花苜蓿干草质量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(3):28-33.