西南喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀特征研究现状与展望
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摘要
受地质背景的强烈制约,西南喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀与其他类型区显著不同,叠加了化学溶蚀、重力侵蚀和流水侵蚀的耦合作用,呈现地面流失和地下漏失的混合侵蚀机制。从土壤地表侵蚀产沙、土壤地下漏失、土壤侵蚀强度与分级标准、土壤侵蚀过程模拟等几个方面简要综述了该区土壤侵蚀特征,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。今后应该加强西南喀斯特地区水土流失途径与土壤流失/漏失定位监测技术研究,进一步发展水土二元流失模拟模型,为该区土地利用变化的水土保持功能定量评估提供科技支撑,服务石漠化综合治理和后续规划制订。
Restricted heavily by the geology,soil erosion in karst regions of southwest China is obviously different from that in other regions.Due to the couple of chemical dissolution,gravitational erosion and water erosion,the erosion in the region had a mixture mechanism of soil surface loss and underground leakage.This paper summarized the characteristics of soil erosion briefly,including surface soil loss,underground soil leakage,soil erosion intensity and the grading standard,and the simulation of soil erosion process.Further,future research interests were discussed.From the point view of the research advance,the located monitoring of soil and water loss was put forward,and the simulation model for dual soil and water loss should be developed further in karst regions of southwest China.This could give a reference for quantitative assessment of the effects of land use change on soil and water conservation,and then provide service for the control of rock desertification and its subsequent plan design.
Restricted heavily by the geology,soil erosion in karst regions of southwest China is obviously different from that in other regions.Due to the couple of chemical dissolution,gravitational erosion and water erosion,the erosion in the region had a mixture mechanism of soil surface loss and underground leakage.This paper summarized the characteristics of soil erosion briefly,including surface soil loss,underground soil leakage,soil erosion intensity and the grading standard,and the simulation of soil erosion process.Further,future research interests were discussed.From the point view of the research advance,the located monitoring of soil and water loss was put forward,and the simulation model for dual soil and water loss should be developed further in karst regions of southwest China.This could give a reference for quantitative assessment of the effects of land use change on soil and water conservation,and then provide service for the control of rock desertification and its subsequent plan design.
引文
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[13]龙明忠,杨洁,吴克华.喀斯特峡谷区不同等级石漠化土壤侵蚀对比研究:以贵州花江示范区为例[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(1):25-30.
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[17]李瑞,刘瑞禄,吕涛,等.贵州省喀斯特地区典型小流域不同种植模式坡面径流产沙研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):132-135.
[18]罗为群,蒋忠诚,韩清延,等.岩溶峰丛洼地不同地貌部位土壤分布及其侵蚀特点[J].中国水土保持,2008(12):46-49.
[19]彭韬,杨涛,王世杰,等.喀斯特坡地土壤流失监测结果简报[J].地球与环境,2009,37(2):126-130.
[20]何永彬,李豪,张信宝,等.贵州茂兰峰丛草地洼地小流域侵蚀产沙的137 Cs法研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):181-188.
[21]白晓永,张信宝,王世杰,等.普定冲头峰丛洼地泥沙沉积速率的137 Cs法测定[J].地球与环境,2009,37(2):142-146.
[22]李豪,张信宝,白晓永,等.桂西北喀斯特丘陵区峰丛洼地小流域泥沙堆积的137 Cs示踪研究[J].泥沙研究,2010(1):17-24.
[23]Zhang X B,Bai X Y,Liu X B.Application of a 137 Cs fingerprinting technique for interpreting responses of sediment deposition of a karst depression to deforestation in the catchment of the Guizhou Plateau,China[J].Science China Earth Science,2011,54(3):431-437.
[24]Bai X Y.Assessment of sediment and erosion rates by using the caesium-137technique in a Chinese polygonal karst depression[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(8):2151-2158.
[25]Feng T,Chen H S,Polyakov V O,et al.Soil erosion rates in two karst peak-cluster depression basins of northwest Guangxi,China:Comparison of the RUSLE model with 137 Cs measurements[J].Geomorphology,2016,253(1):217-224.
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