不同土地利用方式对土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响
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摘要
研究川中丘陵区次降雨过程中不同土地利用方式对土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用方式下,地表径流量的变化均随着降雨时间的增加呈对数变化趋势,在同一降雨时间内,地表径流量均表现为农田>果园>草地>灌丛>林地。(2)农田泥沙流失量随降雨时间的增加幅度较大,且在降雨后期出现陡增陡降的变化特征,其他土地利用方式下泥沙流失量的增加幅度较小;不同土地利用下泥沙流失量大小顺序为:农田>果园>草地>灌丛>林地。(3)农田和果园地表径流量和壤中流总量显著高于灌丛和林地(p<0.05),地表径流量和壤中流均表现为:农田>果园>草地>灌丛>林地。(4)不同土地利用方式下泥沙积累量均随降雨时间的延续而呈指数变化趋势。(5)不同土地利用方式下水相氮磷流失量、泥沙氮磷流失量和氮磷流失总量均表现为:农田>果园>草地>灌丛>林地;不同土地利用方式下降雨径流过程中,氮素的流失是以径流水相为主,而磷的流失是以侵蚀泥沙相为主。(6)不同土地利用方式降雨前期土壤全氮和全磷含量大小均表现为农田>果园>草地>灌丛>林地,泥沙氮磷含量比雨前土壤表层氮磷含量有所增加,说明侵蚀泥沙对氮、磷具有富集作用,并且不同土地利用方式下侵蚀泥沙富集磷素能力高于富集氮素能力,综合比较可知,农田和果园侵蚀泥沙富集养分的能力最高,而灌丛和林地是减少水土流失的土地利用方式。
Characteristics of soil nutrient losses under different land use types in purple soil during course of rainfall were studied.The results indicated that:(1)the surface runoff under different land use types had a logarithmic change tendency with the duration of rainfall,which followed the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrub land>woodland;(2)the increasing range of soil erosion of grassland was larger,and farmland,woodland,orchard was lower,which decreased in the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrubland>woodland;(3)the surface runoff and interflow of orchard and farmland were significant higher than those in the woodland and shrub land(p<0.05),which decreased in the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrubland>woodland;(4)the sediment accumulation under different land use types had a exponential function change tendency with the increase of rainfall;(5)the nitrogen and phosphorus losses along with runoff,nitrogen and phosphorus losses along with sediment and the total losses of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased in the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrubland>woodland;(6)the total contents of nitrogen and phosphorus under different land use types decreased in the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrubland>woodland before rainfall;contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment was higher,indicating that erosion and sediment had the enrichment effect of nitrogen and phosphorus,and the nitrogen enrichment was higher than phosphorus enrichment,the nutrient enrichment is the highest in the grassland.
Characteristics of soil nutrient losses under different land use types in purple soil during course of rainfall were studied.The results indicated that:(1)the surface runoff under different land use types had a logarithmic change tendency with the duration of rainfall,which followed the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrub land>woodland;(2)the increasing range of soil erosion of grassland was larger,and farmland,woodland,orchard was lower,which decreased in the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrubland>woodland;(3)the surface runoff and interflow of orchard and farmland were significant higher than those in the woodland and shrub land(p<0.05),which decreased in the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrubland>woodland;(4)the sediment accumulation under different land use types had a exponential function change tendency with the increase of rainfall;(5)the nitrogen and phosphorus losses along with runoff,nitrogen and phosphorus losses along with sediment and the total losses of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased in the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrubland>woodland;(6)the total contents of nitrogen and phosphorus under different land use types decreased in the order:farmland>orchard>grassland>shrubland>woodland before rainfall;contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment was higher,indicating that erosion and sediment had the enrichment effect of nitrogen and phosphorus,and the nitrogen enrichment was higher than phosphorus enrichment,the nutrient enrichment is the highest in the grassland.
引文
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[18]马悦,郭年冬,张瑞芳,等.片麻岩坡面花生不同生长时期水土及养分流失规律[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):304-309.
[19]戴金梅,查轩,黄少燕,等.不同植被覆盖度对紫色土坡面侵蚀过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):33-38.
[20]郭新送,宋付朋,高杨,等.模拟降雨下2种尿素的坡地氮素流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):26-30.
[21]杨波,王全九.退耕还林后榆林市土壤侵蚀和养分流失功效研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):57-63.
[22]王丽,王力,王全九.不同坡度坡耕地土壤氮磷的流失与迁移过程[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):69-75.
[23]陈美淇,魏欣,张科利,等.基于CSLE模型的贵州省水土流失规律分析[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):16-21.
[24]杜捷,高照良,王凯.布设植物篱条件下工程堆积体坡面产流产沙过程研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):102-106.
[2]晏清洪,原翠萍,雷廷武,等.降雨类型和水土保持对黄土区小流域水土流失的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):169-175.
[3]郭新送,宋付朋,高杨,等.模拟降雨下3种类型土壤坡面的泥沙流失特征及其养分富集效应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):23-28.
[4]顾儒馨,倪九派,刘月娇.模拟降雨对工程建设区裸露坡地产流产沙及氮素流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):33-39.
[5]苏忖安,松同清,王文丽,等.模拟降雨对亚热带阔叶林土壤坡面产沙产流及养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):25-32.
[6]杨艳生,史德明,孙志刚.降雨,径流因子的初步研究.Ⅱ:土壤坡面侵蚀量预报[J].水土保持通报,1985,6(3):51-55.
[7]张翔,高照良,杜捷,等.工程堆积体坡面产流产沙特性的现场试验[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):19-24.
[8]程甜甜,张兴刚,李亦然,等.鲁中南山丘区坡面产流产沙与降雨关系[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):12-16.
[9]朱子龙,周大迈,张爱军,等.不同下垫面太行山片麻岩坡面水土及养分流失规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):61-65.
[10]程圣东,李占斌,李鹏,等.不同草被格局坡面水土—养分流失动力过程试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):58-61.
[11]张腾飞,查轩,黄少燕.天然降雨条件下3种土壤坡面的侵蚀过程及颗粒组成[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(6):30-35.
[12]张海涛,宫渊波,付万权,等.次降雨对马尾松低效林改造初期坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):51-55.
[13]杨帅,尹忠,郑子成,等.四川黄壤区玉米季坡耕地自然降雨及其侵蚀产沙特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):7-12.
[14]陈美淇,魏欣,张科利,等.基于CSLE模型的贵州省水土流失规律分析[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):16-21.
[15]杜捷,高照良,王凯.布设植物篱条件下工程堆积体坡面产流产沙过程研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):102-106.
[16]王静,王允青,郭熙盛,等.不同农艺措施对巢湖沿岸坡耕地水土及径流氮输出的控制效果[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):38-43.
[17]夏振尧,梁永哲,张雪娇,等.植被对含碎石土壤坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):92-97.
[18]马悦,郭年冬,张瑞芳,等.片麻岩坡面花生不同生长时期水土及养分流失规律[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):304-309.
[19]戴金梅,查轩,黄少燕,等.不同植被覆盖度对紫色土坡面侵蚀过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):33-38.
[20]郭新送,宋付朋,高杨,等.模拟降雨下2种尿素的坡地氮素流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):26-30.
[21]杨波,王全九.退耕还林后榆林市土壤侵蚀和养分流失功效研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):57-63.
[22]王丽,王力,王全九.不同坡度坡耕地土壤氮磷的流失与迁移过程[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):69-75.
[23]陈美淇,魏欣,张科利,等.基于CSLE模型的贵州省水土流失规律分析[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):16-21.
[24]杜捷,高照良,王凯.布设植物篱条件下工程堆积体坡面产流产沙过程研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):102-106.