福建省土壤有机碳储量估算的尺度效应研究
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摘要
土壤有机碳储量的准确估算对于研究全球碳"源/汇"动态变化至关重要,但目前使用大、中、小系列比例尺土壤数据库对我国亚热带土壤有机碳储量估算的影响并不清楚。基于此,选择位于亚热带地区的福建省作为研究区,系统分析1∶5万、1∶20万、1∶50万、1∶100万、1∶400万、1∶1 000万6种目前我国常用制图尺度土壤数据库对有机碳储量估算的影响。结果表明:6个制图尺度下表层土壤(0~20 cm)的有机碳储量为:552、637、573、573、614和549 Tg C;剖面土壤(0~100 cm)的有机碳储量为1 396、1 502、1 321、1 395、1 508和1 532 Tg C。不同土壤类型下受制图尺度影响最大的是粗骨土,表层和剖面的有机碳储量相对偏差分别达到8.88×10~5%和8.13×10~5%。不同行政区下表层和剖面受制图尺度影响最大的分别是厦门市和福州市,表层和剖面的有机碳储量相对偏差分别为26.44%和27.97%。总体而言,制图尺度的不同将会对福建省土壤有机碳储量估算造成很大影响,这也进一步说明了亚热带地区选择适宜的制图尺度是十分必要的。
【Objective】Soil organic carbon(SOC) is an important part of the terrestrial carbon pool. Owing to its critical role in the global carbon cycle and its heavy storage in the terrestrial ecosystem, any slight change in the SOC pool would sure create certain influence on global climate. So, in order to simulate the global carbon cycle and design agricultural management measures, it is essential to estimate soil organic carbon storage(SOCS) accurately. Because of the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, the study on SOC estimation on a regional scale may help improve accuracy of the estimation of SOC on the global scale, and moreover provide eco-environmental protection, regional decision-making and agricultural sustainable development with data support.【Method】In this study, based on the soil database of Fujian Province, and soil maps of the province, different in scale(1∶50 000, 1∶200 000, 1∶500 000, 1∶1 000 000, 1∶4 000 000 and 1∶10 000 000), SOCS were estimated for analysis of spatial distribution of SOC in the surface soil layer(0~20 cm) and soil profile(0~100 cm). The PKB method, i.e, pedological knowledge based method, was used to relate soil spatial data to soil attributes. As affected by the scale of a soil map, the number of soil patches decreased from 247 969 to 46 408, 15 282, 6 343, 440 and 345, with declining mapping scale and 3 082, 3 082, 2 718, 2 547, 1 000 and 890 soil profiles were made available for collection of soil physico-chemical properties, respectively. No doubt, the change in scale of soil mapping would sure bring about uncertainties in estimation of SOCS.【Result】Results show that based on the six soil maps different in mapping scale SOC in the surface soil layer(0~20 cm) was estimated at 552, 637, 573, 573, 614 and 549 Tg C and in the soil profile(0~100 cm) at 1 396, 1 502, 1 321, 1 395, 1 508 and 1 532 Tg, respectively.. Estimation of SOC in skeleton soil, among all the types of soils, was most affected by mapping scale, with relative deviation in the surface soil layer and soil profile being 8.88×10~5%and 8.13 ×10~5%, respectively. However, the estimation of SOC density in the surface soil layer of red soil, the largest in land area, was, the lowest in relative deviation, being 4.28%, based on the soil map 1∶1 000 000 in scale, while the estimation of SOC density in the soil profile was the lowest in relative deviation, being only 1.53%, based on the soil map, 1∶500 000 in scale. The estimation of SOCS in Xiamen and Fuzhou, in terms of administrative region, were both affected by mapping scale, with relative deviation being 26.44% for topsoils and 27.97% for soil profiles, respectively. Relative deviations of the estimations of SOC density in the surface soil layer and profile in all the cities, except Xiamen, based on the soil map 1∶500 000 in scale, were the lowest.【Conclusion】In general, regarding Fujian Province as a whole, the estimation of SOC density and storage in the surface soil layer and profile based on the soil map 1∶1 000 000 in scale deviated the least from the currently available most detailed large-region data, 1∶50 000 in scale, being 0.67% and 0.82% respectively, while that based on the soil map 1∶ 200 000 in scale did more, reaching 15.57% and 15.34% respectively. Estimation of SOCS in the surface soil layer and profile of Skeleton soil, among all the types of soils, was the most affected with relative deviation, reaching up to 8.88×105% and 8.13 ×105%, respectively. The estimation of SOC density in the surface soil layer of red soil was the lowest in relative deviation, reaching 4.28% based on the soil map 1∶1 000 000 scale and that in the soil profile of the red soil was, reaching 1.53% based on the soil map 1∶500 000 in scale. The influence of mapping scale is also significant for Xiamen and Fuzhou. The relative deviation of the estimation of SOCS in the surface soil layer of Xiamen was 26.44%, and in the soil profile of Fuzhou was 27.97%. The relative deviations of the estimations of SOC density in both the surface soil layer and profile in all the cities, except Xiamen based on the soil map 1∶500 000 in scale, were the lowest. All the findings in the study demonstrate that mapping scales does have certain influences on estimation of SOCS in the soils of the same area. In the case that administrators of an area do not have any accurate soil databases, it is advisable for them to estimate SOCS in their region and design agricultural management measures based on the soil map 1∶500 000 in mapping scale.
【Objective】Soil organic carbon(SOC) is an important part of the terrestrial carbon pool. Owing to its critical role in the global carbon cycle and its heavy storage in the terrestrial ecosystem, any slight change in the SOC pool would sure create certain influence on global climate. So, in order to simulate the global carbon cycle and design agricultural management measures, it is essential to estimate soil organic carbon storage(SOCS) accurately. Because of the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, the study on SOC estimation on a regional scale may help improve accuracy of the estimation of SOC on the global scale, and moreover provide eco-environmental protection, regional decision-making and agricultural sustainable development with data support.【Method】In this study, based on the soil database of Fujian Province, and soil maps of the province, different in scale(1∶50 000, 1∶200 000, 1∶500 000, 1∶1 000 000, 1∶4 000 000 and 1∶10 000 000), SOCS were estimated for analysis of spatial distribution of SOC in the surface soil layer(0~20 cm) and soil profile(0~100 cm). The PKB method, i.e, pedological knowledge based method, was used to relate soil spatial data to soil attributes. As affected by the scale of a soil map, the number of soil patches decreased from 247 969 to 46 408, 15 282, 6 343, 440 and 345, with declining mapping scale and 3 082, 3 082, 2 718, 2 547, 1 000 and 890 soil profiles were made available for collection of soil physico-chemical properties, respectively. No doubt, the change in scale of soil mapping would sure bring about uncertainties in estimation of SOCS.【Result】Results show that based on the six soil maps different in mapping scale SOC in the surface soil layer(0~20 cm) was estimated at 552, 637, 573, 573, 614 and 549 Tg C and in the soil profile(0~100 cm) at 1 396, 1 502, 1 321, 1 395, 1 508 and 1 532 Tg, respectively.. Estimation of SOC in skeleton soil, among all the types of soils, was most affected by mapping scale, with relative deviation in the surface soil layer and soil profile being 8.88×10~5%and 8.13 ×10~5%, respectively. However, the estimation of SOC density in the surface soil layer of red soil, the largest in land area, was, the lowest in relative deviation, being 4.28%, based on the soil map 1∶1 000 000 in scale, while the estimation of SOC density in the soil profile was the lowest in relative deviation, being only 1.53%, based on the soil map, 1∶500 000 in scale. The estimation of SOCS in Xiamen and Fuzhou, in terms of administrative region, were both affected by mapping scale, with relative deviation being 26.44% for topsoils and 27.97% for soil profiles, respectively. Relative deviations of the estimations of SOC density in the surface soil layer and profile in all the cities, except Xiamen, based on the soil map 1∶500 000 in scale, were the lowest.【Conclusion】In general, regarding Fujian Province as a whole, the estimation of SOC density and storage in the surface soil layer and profile based on the soil map 1∶1 000 000 in scale deviated the least from the currently available most detailed large-region data, 1∶50 000 in scale, being 0.67% and 0.82% respectively, while that based on the soil map 1∶ 200 000 in scale did more, reaching 15.57% and 15.34% respectively. Estimation of SOCS in the surface soil layer and profile of Skeleton soil, among all the types of soils, was the most affected with relative deviation, reaching up to 8.88×105% and 8.13 ×105%, respectively. The estimation of SOC density in the surface soil layer of red soil was the lowest in relative deviation, reaching 4.28% based on the soil map 1∶1 000 000 scale and that in the soil profile of the red soil was, reaching 1.53% based on the soil map 1∶500 000 in scale. The influence of mapping scale is also significant for Xiamen and Fuzhou. The relative deviation of the estimation of SOCS in the surface soil layer of Xiamen was 26.44%, and in the soil profile of Fuzhou was 27.97%. The relative deviations of the estimations of SOC density in both the surface soil layer and profile in all the cities, except Xiamen based on the soil map 1∶500 000 in scale, were the lowest. All the findings in the study demonstrate that mapping scales does have certain influences on estimation of SOCS in the soils of the same area. In the case that administrators of an area do not have any accurate soil databases, it is advisable for them to estimate SOCS in their region and design agricultural management measures based on the soil map 1∶500 000 in mapping scale.
引文
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[3]Pan G X,Lu H F,Li L Q.et al.Soil carbon sequestration with bioactivity:A new emerging frontier for sustainable soil management.Advance in Earth Sciences,2015,30(8):940-951
[4]Eswaran H.Organic carbon in soils of the world.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57:192-194
[5]Martín J A R,álvaro-Fuentes J,Gonzalo J,et al.Assessment of the soil organic carbon stock in Spain.Geoderma,2016,264:117-125
[6]Veronesi F,Corstanje R,Mayr T.Landscape scale estimation of soil carbon stock using 3D modelling.Science of the Total Environment,2014,487:578-586
[7]Dorji T,Odeh I O A,Field D J,et al.Digital soil mapping of soil organic carbon stocks under different land use and land cover types in montane ecosystems,Eastern Himalayas.Forest Ecology and Management,2014,318:91-102
[8]Shi X Z,Yu D S,Warner E D,et al.Cross-Reference system for translating between genetic soil classification of China and soil taxonomy.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70:13-22
[9]于东升,史学正,孙维侠,等.基于1︰100万土壤数据库的中国土壤有机碳密度及储量研究.应用生态学报,2005,16(12):2279-2283Yu D S,Shi X Z,Sun W X,et al.Estimation of China soil organic carbon storage and density based on 1︰1 000 000 soil database(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(12):2279-2283
[10]Zhi J J,Jing C W,Lin S P,et al.Estimates of soil organic carbon stocks in Zhejiang Province of China based on 1︰50 000 soil database using the PKB method.Pedosphere,2015,25(1):12-24
[11]李晓迪,王淑民,张黎明,等.土壤数据源和制图比例尺对旱地土壤有机碳储量估算的影响.土壤学报,2016,53(1):58-71Li X D,Wang S M,Zhang L M,et al.Impacts of source of soil data and scale of mapping on assessment of organic carbon storage in upland soil(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(1):58-71
[12]张勇.滇黔桂地区土壤有机碳空间表征的尺度效应研究.南京:中国科学院南京土壤研究所,2008Zhang Y.Effect sacle of soil organic carbon spatial characterization in China area(In Chinese).Nanjing:Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008
[13]梁二,蔡典雄,张丁辰,等.中国陆地土壤有机碳储量估算及其不确定性分析.中国土壤与肥料,2010(6):75-79Liang E,Cai D X,Zhang D C,et al.Terrestrial soil organic carbon storage in China:Estimates and uncertainty(In Chinese).Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2010(6):75-79
[14]解宪丽,孙波,周慧珍,等.中国土壤有机碳密度和储量的估算与空间分布分析.土壤学报,2004,41(1):35-43Xie X L,Sun B,Zhou H Z,et al.Organic carbon denstiy and storage in soils of China and spatial analysis(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica,2004,41(1):35-43
[15]李加加.苏北旱地土壤有机碳估算的尺度效应研究.福州:福建农林大学,2013:14-22Li J J.Scale effect of soil organic carbon estimation in the uplands of north Jiangsu Provinve,China(In Chinese).Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2013:14-22
[16]黄琳斌.旱地有机碳情景分析模拟的尺度效应及其影响因素研究.福州:福建农林大学,2016Huang L B.Study on scale effect and its influencing factors in the scenario of simulating soil organic carbon dynamics in the upland(In Chinese).Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2016
[17]王义祥,翁伯琦.福建省土壤有机碳密度和储量的估算.福建农业学报,2005,20(1):42-45Wang Y X,Weng B Q.Estimate of soil organic carbon density and its stock in Fujian Province(In Chinese).Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2005,20(1):42-45
[18]福建省环境保护厅.2015年福建省环境状况公报.2016-05.http://www.fjepb.gov.cn/zwgk/kjjc/hjzl/qshjzkgb/201606/P020160603649157645861.pdf Fujian Provincial Department of Environmental Protection.Bulletin of the environmental situation of Fujian Province in 2015(In Chinese).2016-05.http://www.fjepb.gov.cn/zwgk/kjjc/hjzl/qshjzkgb/201606/P020160603649157645861.pdf
[19]福建省土壤普查办公室.福建土壤.福州:福建科学技术出版社,1991:287-289Soil Survey Office of Fujian Province.Fujian soil(In Chinese).Fuzhou:Fujian Science&Technology Publishing House,1991:287-289
[20]Pan G X,Li L Q,Zhang Q,et al.Organic carbon stock in topsoil of Jiangsu Province,China,and the recent trend of carbon sequestration.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2005,17(1):1-7
[21]袁芳,赵小敏,乐丽红,等.江西省表层土壤有机碳库储量估算与空间分布特征.生态环境,2008,17(1):268-272Yuan F,Zhao X M,Le L H,et al.Organic carbon reserves of tops oil and spatial distribution in Jiangxi province(In Chinese).Ecology and Environment,2008,17(1):268-272
[22]Song G H,Pan G X,Zhang Q.Topsoil SOC storage of China agricultural soils and its loss by cultivation.Biogeochemistry,2005,74(1):47-62
[23]Wang S Q,Tian H Q,Liu J Y,et al.Pattern and change of soil organic carbon storage in China:1960s-1980s.Tellus Series B:Chemical and Physical Meteorology,2003,55(2):416-427
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