吉林省东部地区枫桦种子形态结构变异的初步研究
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摘要
利用超景深显微镜和扫描电镜观察枫桦种子形态与微结构,采用方差分析、多重比较、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法进行数据统计分析.结果表明:1)赤松、红石地区种子表面纹饰为条状纹饰,敦化、珲春、和龙和汪清4个地区的种子纹饰为网状纹饰;种子绒毛密度从大到小依次为和龙(85%)、敦化(83%)、珲春(57%)、赤松(49%)、汪清(43%)、红石(0);绒毛着生部位分为两种,赤松、敦化和汪清地区着生在种子基部,和龙和珲春地区着生从基部到中部.2)经多重比较分析可知,赤松与和龙、汪清、敦化、珲春差异显著,红石与和龙、汪清、敦化、珲春差异显著.3)主成分分析筛选出3个主成分,方差累计贡献率为72.725%;筛选出种翅长、果序长、种子长、种子宽等4个主成分为种子形态的主导因子;聚类分析将6个分布地的枫桦种子分为两大类,第Ⅰ类为长翅长序条纹类,包括红石地区和赤松地区,表现为条状纹饰,种翅长大于2.000 mm,果序长大于20.000 mm,毛被密度0～50%.第Ⅱ类为短翅短序网纹类,包括珲春、汪清、敦化、和龙地区,表现为网状纹饰,种翅长度小于2.000 mm,果序长小于15.000 mm.综上,种子纹饰类型、毛被密度、种子长、种子宽、种翅长、果序长可作为种下分类和探讨枫桦种群间形态变异及亲缘关系的重要特征.
The morphology and microstructure of Betula costata Trautv seeds were observed by ultra-depth-of-field microscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM),and analyzed by anova,multiple comparison,principal component analysis,cluster analysis and other methods.The results showed that:(1) The sculptures type on seed surface in CS and HS distribution area is stripe,and reticulate sculpture in DH,HC,HL and WQ distribution areas; The villi density on the seed epidermis from big to small was HL(85%),DH(83%),HC(57%),CS(49%),WQ(43%) and HS(0); There are two types of positions born villi,the villi in CS,DH and WQ distribution areas are in the seed base,and the villi in the HL and HC are from the base to the middle.(2) By multiple comparative analysis,differences among CS and HL,WQ,DH,HC is significant,and the difference among HS and HL,WQ,DH,HC is obvious.(3) Three principal components were screened out,and variance cumulative contribution rate is 72. 725%,and the four principal components screened out is seed wing length,infructescence length,seed length and seed width as the leading factors of seed morphology; The seeds of Betula costata from six distribution areas by cluster analysis were divided into two categories. The first category is the long-winged long-infructescence stripe category,including HS and CS areas,which is represented by striping. The length of the species' wings is more than 2.000 mm.The second category is the short-winged short-infructescence stripe category,including HC,WQ,DH and HL areas,which is characterized by reticulate sculpture,with the length of species wings less than 2.000 mm and fruit inflorescence length less than 15.000 mm.Given the above,the seed sculpture type,villi density,seed length,seed width,seed wing length and infructescence can be used as the important characteristics for the subspecies classification and the study of the morphological variation and relationship among Betula costata populations.
The morphology and microstructure of Betula costata Trautv seeds were observed by ultra-depth-of-field microscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM),and analyzed by anova,multiple comparison,principal component analysis,cluster analysis and other methods.The results showed that:(1) The sculptures type on seed surface in CS and HS distribution area is stripe,and reticulate sculpture in DH,HC,HL and WQ distribution areas; The villi density on the seed epidermis from big to small was HL(85%),DH(83%),HC(57%),CS(49%),WQ(43%) and HS(0); There are two types of positions born villi,the villi in CS,DH and WQ distribution areas are in the seed base,and the villi in the HL and HC are from the base to the middle.(2) By multiple comparative analysis,differences among CS and HL,WQ,DH,HC is significant,and the difference among HS and HL,WQ,DH,HC is obvious.(3) Three principal components were screened out,and variance cumulative contribution rate is 72. 725%,and the four principal components screened out is seed wing length,infructescence length,seed length and seed width as the leading factors of seed morphology; The seeds of Betula costata from six distribution areas by cluster analysis were divided into two categories. The first category is the long-winged long-infructescence stripe category,including HS and CS areas,which is represented by striping. The length of the species' wings is more than 2.000 mm.The second category is the short-winged short-infructescence stripe category,including HC,WQ,DH and HL areas,which is characterized by reticulate sculpture,with the length of species wings less than 2.000 mm and fruit inflorescence length less than 15.000 mm.Given the above,the seed sculpture type,villi density,seed length,seed width,seed wing length and infructescence can be used as the important characteristics for the subspecies classification and the study of the morphological variation and relationship among Betula costata populations.
引文
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[15]刘岩,毛子军.小兴安岭阔叶红松林不同演替系列森林细根生物量的研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(4):583-589.
[16]杜凤国,王葛荣,张少斌,等.6种越桔种子表皮雕纹的电镜观察[J].吉林林学院学报,1998,14(4):191-195.
[17] Hansen J.Using SPSS forwindows and macintosh:analyzing and understanding data[J].The American Statistician,2005,59(1):1.
[2]惠利省,王章荣,徐立安.鹅掌楸不同产地聚合果和种子性状差异分析[J].种子,2009,28(11):96-99.
[3]刘仁林,胡明娇,李江,等.乌饭树果实大小的地理变异研究[J].经济林研究,2016,34(3):114-120.
[4]兰彦平,顾万春.北方地区皂荚种子及荚果形态特征的地理变异[J].林业科学,2006,42(7):47-51.
[5]黄雪方,金雅琴,李冬林.乌桕不同种源种子性状的地理变异[J].西南林业大学学报,2011,31(4):44-48.
[6]刘振宁,张瑞静,李登来.不同生境野生大豆种子形态扫描电镜观察[J].农业与技术,2015,35(4):24.
[7]龙茹,于秀敏,秦素平,等.39种能源植物种子(果实)扫描电镜观察[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2010,24(3):50-58.
[8]滑福建,孟庆平.枫桦育苗试验初报[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2010,23(1):42.
[9]贾鹏博,姜秀煜.枫桦组培实验结果初报[J].林业科技,2015,40(2):9-10,14.
[10]王蕾,张春雨,赵秀海.长白山阔叶红松林的空间分布格局[J].林业科学,2009,45(5):54-59.
[11] Rad J E,Manthey M,Mataji A.Comparison of plant species diversity with different plant communities in deciduous forests[J].International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2009,6(3):389-394.
[12]马志远,石玲,吴相菊,等.长白山次生针阔混交林乔木多样性维持机制研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(6):93-98.
[13]丁一阳,毛子军,张玲,等.小兴安岭原始阔叶红松林和枫桦次生林土壤有机碳库比较研究[J].植物研究,2015,35(4):604-611.
[14] Tan L-Z,Fan C-Y,Fan X-H.Relationships between species diversity or community structure and productivity of woody-plants in abroad-leaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe,Jilin,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(11):1149-1156.
[15]刘岩,毛子军.小兴安岭阔叶红松林不同演替系列森林细根生物量的研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(4):583-589.
[16]杜凤国,王葛荣,张少斌,等.6种越桔种子表皮雕纹的电镜观察[J].吉林林学院学报,1998,14(4):191-195.
[17] Hansen J.Using SPSS forwindows and macintosh:analyzing and understanding data[J].The American Statistician,2005,59(1):1.