大气污染光学遥感技术及发展趋势
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摘要
空气质量和气候变化是影响人类生存环境的两大主要因素,它们与大气构成变化密切相关,因此,必须对影响人类生存和决定对流层成分的大气过程进行监测。随着监测技术的发展,大气环境监测方法从常规的监测体系向理化、遥测、应急等多种监测分析方法相结合的综合监测技术方向发展。基于激光/光谱的大气污染监测技术以光学探测和光谱数据解析为核心,探测大气痕量气体和颗粒物的时空分布特征和输送规律,并逐渐运用于球载、无人机、卫星等区域动态遥测,可为中国大气灰霾形成的关键影响因素识别提供技术支持。
Air quality and climate change are the two main factors of human living environment,which are closely related to the changes in the atmosphere. Therefore,it is necessary to monitor the atmospheric processes that affect the survival of human beings and the tropospheric components. At present,with the rapid development of all kinds of monitoring technology,the atmospheric environmental monitoring method is developing from the conventional monitoring system to the comprehensive monitoring technology combining physical and chemical,telemetry and emergency monitoring. Air pollution monitoring technology based on laser or spectrum,determined by optical detection and spectroscopy data analysis,can obtian the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter as well as transportation pathways. It has been gradually applied to the ball carrier,UAV,satellite and other regional dynamic telemetry,providing technical support to identify the key influence factors for atmospheric haze in China.
Air quality and climate change are the two main factors of human living environment,which are closely related to the changes in the atmosphere. Therefore,it is necessary to monitor the atmospheric processes that affect the survival of human beings and the tropospheric components. At present,with the rapid development of all kinds of monitoring technology,the atmospheric environmental monitoring method is developing from the conventional monitoring system to the comprehensive monitoring technology combining physical and chemical,telemetry and emergency monitoring. Air pollution monitoring technology based on laser or spectrum,determined by optical detection and spectroscopy data analysis,can obtian the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter as well as transportation pathways. It has been gradually applied to the ball carrier,UAV,satellite and other regional dynamic telemetry,providing technical support to identify the key influence factors for atmospheric haze in China.
引文
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[34]杨雅涵,李国林,李小鹏,等.基于TDLAS技术的天然气中痕量硫化氢分析的PLS算法应用[J].光子学报,2017,46(2):0230002.YANG Yahan,LI Guolin,LI Xiaopeng,et al.Partical Leaset Squares Algprithm Application in TDLAS Based Trace H2S Analysis in Natural Gas[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(2):0230002.
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[37]张涛,李广,金俊泓,等.高分子结构分析方法概述(上)[J].合成技术及应用,2007,22(2):26-33.ZHANG Tao,LI Guang,JIN Junhong,et al.Summarizing of Methods of Polymer Structure Analysis[J].Synthetic Technology and Application,2007,22(2):26-33.
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[40]SUN Y L,DU W,WANG Q Q,et al.Real-Time Characterization of Aerosol Particle Composition above the Urban Canopy in Beijing:Insights into the Interactions between the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Aerosol Chemistry[J].Environment Science Technology,2015,49(19):11 340-11 347.
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[2]BOSENBERG J.Global Atmospheric Monitoring:The Need for Lidar Networks[J].European Space Agency,2004,2(561):841-844.
[3]WANG F,WU Q,HUANG Q X,et al.Simultaneous Measurement of 2-Dimensional H2O Concentration and Temperature Distribution in Premixed Methane/Air Flame Using TDLAS-Based Tomography Technology[J].Optics Communications,2015,345:53-56.
[4]DOUSSIN J F,RITZ D,CARLIER P.Multiple-Pass Cell for Very-Long-Path Infrared Spectrometry[J].Applied Optics,1999,38(19):4 145-4 150.
[5]GROS,TESCHE M,FREUDENTHALER V,et al.Characterization of Saharan Dust,Marine Aerosols and Mixtures of Biomass Burning Aerosols and Dust by Means of Multi-Wavelength Depolarization and Raman Lidar Measurements During SAMUM 2[J].Tellus B,2011,63:706-724.
[6]秦敏,谢品华,李昂,等.差分吸收光谱系统与传统点式仪器对大气中SO2、NO2以及O3的对比观测研究[R].北京:全国光学与光电子学学术研讨会,2005.
[7]DAE W H,GWI S H,JIN S H,et al.Application of the Open Path FTIR with COL1SB to Measurements of Ozone and VOCs in the Urban Area[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(33):5 567-5 576.
[8]YU S H,ZHANG Y J,LIU W Q,et al.A Novel Initialization Method for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and Its Application in Component Recognition with Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectra[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectrosco,2012,86:315-319.
[9]TANG Y Y,LIU W Q,KAN R F,et al.Measurements of NO and CO in Shanghai Urban Atmosphere by Using Quantum Cascade Lasers[J].Optical Express,2011,19(21):20 224-20 232.
[10]CHEN Z Y,ZHANG J S,ZHANG T S,et al.Haze Observations by Simultaneous Lidar and WPS in Beijing Before and During the APEC 2014[J].Science China Chemistry,2015,58(9):1-8.
[11]SUN Y W,LIU C,CHAN K L,et al.Stack Emission Monitoring Using Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy with Optimized Nonlinear Absorption Cross Interference Correction Algorithm[J].Atmospheric Measurement Technology,2013,6:1 993-2 005.
[12]袁松,阚瑞峰,何亚柏,等.可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱中激光器温度补偿[J].中国激光,2013,40(5):0515001.YUAN Song,KAN Ruifeng,HE Yabai,et al.Laser Temperature Compensation Used in Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2013,40(5):0515001.
[13]付怀于,闫才青,郑玫,等.在线单颗粒气溶胶质谱SPAMS对细颗粒物中主要组分提取方法的研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):4 070-4 077.FU Huaiyu,YAN Caiqing,ZHENG Mei,et al.Application of On-Line Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry(SPAMS)for Studying Major Components in Fine Particulate Matter[J].2014,35(2):4 070-4 077.
[14]盛裴轩.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003:48-55.
[15]PETER R,GRIFFITHS,LIMIN S,APRIL B.L.Completely Automated Open-Path FTIR Spectrometry[J].Analytical&Bioanalytical Chemistry,2009,393:45-50.
[16]CAMPBELL J R,WELTON E J,SPINHIRNE J D,et al.Micropulse Lidar Observations of Tropospheric Aerosols Over Northeastern South Africa During the ARREX and SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Experiments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere,2003,108:8 497.
[17]CLARKE A D,EISELE F,KAPUSTIN V N,et al.Nucleation in the Equatorial Free Troposphere:Favorable Environments During PEM-Tropics[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere,1999,104(D5):5 735-5 744.
[18]HEUE K P,RICHTER A,BRUNS M,et al.Validation of SCIAMACHY Tropospheric NO2-Columns with AMAXDOAS Measurements[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2005,5:1 039-1 051.
[19]BRUNS M,BUEHLER S A,BURROWS J P,et al.NO2Profile Retrieval Using Airborne Multi Axis UV-Visible Skylight Absorption Measurements Over Central Europe[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2006,6:3 049-3 058.
[20]FISH D J,JONES R L.Rotational Raman Scattering and the Ring Effect in Zenith-Sky Spectra[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1995,22(7):811-814.
[21]NOXON J F,WHIPPLE E C,HYDE R S.Stratospheric NO2Observational Method and Behavior at MidLatitude[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1979,84:5 047-5 065.
[22]RICHTER A,EISINGER M,WEIBENMAYER A,et al.DOAS Zenith Sky Observations:Seasonal Variation of Br O Over Bremen(53°N)1994-1995[J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,1999,32(1):83-99.
[23]BUCHWITZ M,BOVENSMANN H,REUTER M,et al.Passive Satellite Remote Sensing of Carbon Dioxide and Methane:Scimachy,Gosat,Carbon Sat[R].Vienna:Egu General Assembly,2010.
[24]BARBU L T.TDLAS a Laser Diode Sensor for the In Situ Monitoring of H2O,CO2and their Isotopes in the Martian Atmosphere[J].Advances in Space Research,2006,38(4):718-725.
[25]BERTHET G,RENARD J B,GHYSELS M,et al.Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics[J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,2012,107(1):213-220.
[26]ZHANG G L,LIU J G,KAN R F,et al.Simulation Studies of Multi-Line LOS-TDLAS Performance in Measuring Temperature Probability Distribution Function[J].Chinese Physics B,2014,23(1):12420701.
[27]XIA H H,KAN R F.Numerical Study of TwoDimensional Water Vapor Concentration and Temperature Distribution of Combustion Zones Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Tomography[J].Infrared Physics and Technology,2015,170(72):170-178.
[28]贾良权,刘文清,阚瑞峰,等.波长调制-TDLAS技术测量风洞中氧气流速方法研究[J].中国激光,2015,42(7):0715001.JIA Liangquan,LIU Wenqing,KAN Ruifeng,et al.Study on Oxygen Measurement in Wind Tunnel by Wavelength Modulation-TDLAS Technologogy[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(7):0715001.
[29]陶波,王晟,胡志云,等.TDLAS技术二次谐波法测量发动机温度[J].实验流体力学,2015,29(2):68-73.TAO Bo,WANG Sheng,HU Zhiyun,et al.Engine Temperature Measurement Based on TDLAS Second Harmonic Technique[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2015,29(2):68-73.
[30]李彬,刘慧芳,何启欣,等.基于1654 nm分布反馈激光器的甲烷检测系统[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2016,36(1):20-26.LI Bin,LIU Huifang,HE Qixin,et al.A Method Detection System Using Distributed Feedback Laser at1654 nm[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2016,36(1):20-26.
[31]夏晖晖.中国科学技术大学基于TDLAS技术的燃烧火焰场分布二维重建研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2017.
[32]庞涛,王煜,夏滑,等.基于TDLAS技术的全量程激光甲烷传感器[J].光子学报,2016,45(9):0912003.PANG Tao,WANG Yu,XIA Hua,et al.Full Scale Methane Based on TDLAS Technology,Acta Photonica Sinica,2016,45(9):0912003.
[33]杨杰文.基于调谐激光吸收光谱技术的气体检测系统研究及优化[D].天津:天津大学,2009.
[34]杨雅涵,李国林,李小鹏,等.基于TDLAS技术的天然气中痕量硫化氢分析的PLS算法应用[J].光子学报,2017,46(2):0230002.YANG Yahan,LI Guolin,LI Xiaopeng,et al.Partical Leaset Squares Algprithm Application in TDLAS Based Trace H2S Analysis in Natural Gas[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(2):0230002.
[35]张景国.基于TDLAS的一氧化碳气体浓度测量技术研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2011.
[36]姚路,刘文清,刘建国,等.球载TDLAS的对流层CO2浓度廓线探测[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2015,35(10):2 787-2 791.YAO Lu,LIU Wenqing,LIU Jianguo,et al.Measurements of CO2Concentration Profile in Troposphere Based on Balloon-Borne TDLAS System[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2015,35(10):2 787-2 791.
[37]张涛,李广,金俊泓,等.高分子结构分析方法概述(上)[J].合成技术及应用,2007,22(2):26-33.ZHANG Tao,LI Guang,JIN Junhong,et al.Summarizing of Methods of Polymer Structure Analysis[J].Synthetic Technology and Application,2007,22(2):26-33.
[38]徐亮.大气痕量气体的主动FTIR光谱分析方法及应用研究[D].合肥:中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,2007.
[39]TIAN Y,LIU C,SUN Y W,et al.Retrieval of Atmospheric CO2and CH4Variations Using GroundBased High Resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra[J].Journal of Spectroscopy,2015,11:132-145.
[40]SUN Y L,DU W,WANG Q Q,et al.Real-Time Characterization of Aerosol Particle Composition above the Urban Canopy in Beijing:Insights into the Interactions between the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Aerosol Chemistry[J].Environment Science Technology,2015,49(19):11 340-11 347.
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