EM菌制剂处理对马铃薯种薯细胞保护及抗性生理特性的影响
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摘要
马铃薯主要是靠种薯进行繁殖,但是在种薯种植过程中,切块处理会使病原菌传播、感染的几率大大增加,尤其是马铃薯真菌性病害,因此获得一种有效的马铃薯种薯切块保护方法,是防治马铃薯真菌病害、促进植株生长的有效措施。EM菌制剂是一种稳定的混合菌制剂,能够有效促进植物的新陈代谢,抵抗病原菌的侵染,抑制植物体内各种有害微生物繁殖,产生有益物质预防农作物各类病害。本研究采用不同处理的EM菌制剂结合活性炭吸附的方法对马铃薯种薯切块进行处理,通过马铃薯种薯发芽生根试验,解剖学观察,生理指标的测定,确定该方法对马铃薯种薯的保护作用,从而获得一种马铃薯种薯切块有效的保护方法。研究结果表明,不同EM菌制剂(包括原液、离心液、灭菌液的不同稀释液)结合活性炭吸附对马铃薯种薯切块进行处理,均可有效提高种薯的发芽率和生根率,对薯块切面的细胞均具有明显的保护作用,有效提高种薯中的SOD、POD酶活性、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,其中EM菌制剂离心液(稀释300倍)具有最好的保护作用。
Potatoes breed is mainly by growing potatoes seed,but in the process of seed potatoes cultivation,cutting processing can make the pathogen transmission,it greatly increase the risk of infection,especially potato fungal diseases,thus to obtain an effective seed potatoes cuts protection methods,that is the effective measures of the prevention and treatment of potato fungus diseases and promoting plant growth.EM microorganisms preparations is a stable mixed bacteria,it can effectively promote the metabolism of plants,resistance to pathogen infection,inhibiting various harmful microorganisms in plant breeding,producing useful substances to prevent all kinds of crops diseases.This research adopts the different treatment of EM microorganisms preparation combined with activated carbon adsorption method to deal with the seed potatoes cuts,through seed potatoes sprout and rooting experiment,anatomical observations,the determination of physiological index to determine protective effect by this method,in order to gain a effective protection methods of seed potatoes cuts.The research results showed that different EM microorganisms(including of stoste,centrifugate and different sterilization diluent liquid)combined with activated carbon adsorption of seed potatoes cuts for processing,it can effectively improve the germination rate and rooting rate of seed potatoes,it also have obvious protective effect of section cells of seed potatoes tubers.Meanwhile,it can effectively increase the SOD,POD enzyme activity and improve chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase activity of seed potatoes,especially EM microorganisms centrifugate(300-fold dilution)has the best protective effect.
Potatoes breed is mainly by growing potatoes seed,but in the process of seed potatoes cultivation,cutting processing can make the pathogen transmission,it greatly increase the risk of infection,especially potato fungal diseases,thus to obtain an effective seed potatoes cuts protection methods,that is the effective measures of the prevention and treatment of potato fungus diseases and promoting plant growth.EM microorganisms preparations is a stable mixed bacteria,it can effectively promote the metabolism of plants,resistance to pathogen infection,inhibiting various harmful microorganisms in plant breeding,producing useful substances to prevent all kinds of crops diseases.This research adopts the different treatment of EM microorganisms preparation combined with activated carbon adsorption method to deal with the seed potatoes cuts,through seed potatoes sprout and rooting experiment,anatomical observations,the determination of physiological index to determine protective effect by this method,in order to gain a effective protection methods of seed potatoes cuts.The research results showed that different EM microorganisms(including of stoste,centrifugate and different sterilization diluent liquid)combined with activated carbon adsorption of seed potatoes cuts for processing,it can effectively improve the germination rate and rooting rate of seed potatoes,it also have obvious protective effect of section cells of seed potatoes tubers.Meanwhile,it can effectively increase the SOD,POD enzyme activity and improve chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase activity of seed potatoes,especially EM microorganisms centrifugate(300-fold dilution)has the best protective effect.
引文
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[19]张国红.施肥水平对日光温室西红柿光合生理的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):317-321.
[20]苏云松,郭华春,陈伊里.马铃薯叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量及产量的相关性研究[J].西南农业学报,2007(4):690-693.
[21]段玉云,曾黎琼,张仲凯,等.EM对马铃薯生长的影响研究[J].西南农业学报,2005,18(6):752-754.
[22]杜巍,张国峰,闫任沛.艾米乐在马铃薯栽培上的应用效果[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010(2):39-41.
[23]陈小云,李坚斌,林莹,等.β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶在热带水果保鲜中的应用[J].食品工业科技,2008,29(5):294-296.
[2]Moore T S,Murray R W,Kurtz A C,et al.Anaerobic methane oxidation and the formation of dolomite[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2004,229(s 1-2):141-154.
[3]刘英霞,常显波,杨启霞.EM菌制剂对养虾池水质的作用效果[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(13):6 891-6 892.
[4]田志宏,汪志伟,涂显平,等.有效微生物活菌制剂对马铃薯产量性状的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2003,30(1):55-56.
[5]陈胜利,孙庆余,李云波.EM菌剂在种植业上的应用与促增效应[J].微生物学杂志,2002,22(1):63-64.
[6]田志宏,涂显平,汪志伟.马铃薯施用EM菌效应的初步研究[J].杂粮作物,2003,23(5):299-300.
[7]谢从华.马铃薯产业的现状与发展[J].华中农业大学学报,2012,17(1):1-4.
[8]李文刚,曹春梅,刘富强,等.国际马铃薯种业现状及发展综述I—国际马铃薯种业发展趋势分析[C].马铃薯产业与小康社会建设,2014:62.
[9]李文娟,秦军红,谷建苗,等.从世界马铃薯产业发展谈中国马铃薯的主粮化[J].中国食物与营养,2015,21(7):5-9.
[10]王希卓,朱旭,孙洁,等.我国马铃薯主粮化发展形势分析[J].农产品加工,2015(2):52-55.
[11]卢肖平.马铃薯主粮化战略的意义、瓶颈与政策建议[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015(3):1-7.
[12]何永梅,刘红英.马铃薯播种用小整薯比切块好[J].湖南科技报,2008(7):9.
[13]Kush,康秀丽.马铃薯种薯切块和整薯种植的生长和产量性能[J].国外农学-杂粮作物,1991(2):53-56.
[14]王旭,孙中伟,吕建华.马铃薯秋播切块种植腐烂原因及防治措施的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2002,16(5):274-276.
[15]闫东升.马铃薯脱毒种薯行业发展前景分析[D].内蒙古大学,2012.
[16]陆和远.马铃薯不同种植方式对比试验[J].安徽农学通报,2007,3(11):139-140.
[17]杨来胜,席正英,李玲.马铃薯种薯切块与切刀消毒技术[C].马铃薯产业与粮食安全,2009.
[18]史吉平,董永华.水分胁迫对小麦光合作用的影响[J].国外农学麦类作物,1995(5):49-51.
[19]张国红.施肥水平对日光温室西红柿光合生理的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):317-321.
[20]苏云松,郭华春,陈伊里.马铃薯叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量及产量的相关性研究[J].西南农业学报,2007(4):690-693.
[21]段玉云,曾黎琼,张仲凯,等.EM对马铃薯生长的影响研究[J].西南农业学报,2005,18(6):752-754.
[22]杜巍,张国峰,闫任沛.艾米乐在马铃薯栽培上的应用效果[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010(2):39-41.
[23]陈小云,李坚斌,林莹,等.β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶在热带水果保鲜中的应用[J].食品工业科技,2008,29(5):294-296.